7 ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF TENTANG STRUKTUR, PERILAKU DAN KINERJA INDUSTRI SAWIT INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA
9. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat dijawab tujuan penelitian mengenai evaluasi kebijakan ekonomi ekspor minyak sawit dan produk turunannya ke pasar Amerika Serikat sebagai berikut:
1. Produksi minyak sawit Indonesia mengalami peningkatan yang didukung oleh perluasan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit di pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Papua yang diikuti oleh peningkatan produksi tandan buah segar kelapa sawit, sedangkan permintaan atau konsumsi minyak sawit domestik kurang dari setengah total produksi minyak sawit Indonesia sehingga terjadi kelebihan suplai minyak sawit. Peluang ekspor produk minyak sawit Indonesia ke pasar Amerika Serikat cukup besar dengan penerapan tarif impor produk sawit nihil dan adanya peningkatan permintaan atau konsumsi minyak sawit di Amerika Serikat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan, oleokimia dan bioenergi.
2. Peningakatan ekspor produk minyak sawit Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh impor CPO Amerika Serikat, permintaan tenaga kerja, pertumbuhan ekonomi Amerika Serikat dan produksi CPO Malaysia. Harga ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia ke USA secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, pertumbuhan ekonomi Amerika Serikat, pajak ekspor CPO, nilai produksi sektor pertanian, produksi CPO Malaysia dan ekspor CPO Malaysia.
3. Malaysia menguasai pasar ekspor Amerika Serikat dikarenakan Malaysia menerapkan kebijakan pajak ekspor yang responsif terhadap pasar, kemudahan berinvestasi di sektor minyak sawit, kontinu melakukan kegiatan iklan dan promosi untuk memperkenalkan produk sawitnya, riset dan pengembangan berbagai produk turunan sawit berkelanjutan di bawah koordinasi Dewan Sawit Malaysia. Pengembangan berbagai produk turunan sawit Malaysia didukung industri produk turunan dengan kapasitas produksi yang tidak terpakai masih cukup besar. Pemerintah Malaysia juga sigap melakukan kounter terhadap isu-isu lingkungan terkait industri sawit.
4. Kebijakan pengembangan industri produk turunan minyak sawit akan mampu meningkatkan ekspor produk turunan minyak sawit ke Amerika Serikat dan akan mampu menurunkan ekspor minyak sawit mentah yang memiliki nilai tambah yang rendah. Sedangkan pada kombinasi kebijakan yang lebih baik adalah dengan program peningkatan produk turunan minyak sawit yang didukung oleh peningkatan pajak ekspor dan pelemahan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dolar. Beberapa cara yang perlu dilakukan agar ekspor produk sawit Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan ke Amerika Serikat adalah peningkatan produksi minyak sawit Indonesia melalui perluasan lahan dan replanting (peremajaan), investasi dibidang riset dan pengembangan produk sawit. Selain itu pemerintah juga perlu menerapkan kebijakan peningkatan promosi dan investasi industri berorientasi atas produk turunan minyak sawit Indonesia di luar negeri terutama Amerika Serikat salah satu kekuatan ekonomi dunia. Pemerintah perlu membentuk suatu lembaga yang fokus terhadap kegiatan promosi produk minyak sawit Indonesia.
Saran
Kebijakan pajak ekspor dan kebijakan produksi berupa pengembangan produk turunan minyak sawit Indonesia dapat membantu peningkatan ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia dan produk turunannya ke pasar Amerika Serikat. Peningkatan ekspor produk turunan minyak sawit ke Amerika Serikat dapat meningkatkan permintaan minyak sawit domestik untuk diolah menjadi produk turunan yang memiliki nilai tambah yang tinggi sehingga akan meningkatkan nilai ekspor produk minyak sawit Indonesia.
Saran dari penelitian ini adalah :
1. Pemerintah perlu mengalokasikan penerimaan dari pajak ekspor minyak sawit untuk pengembangan industri produk turunan minyak sawit dengan lebih efisien dengan meningkatkan riset dan pengembangan atau diferensiasi produk terhadap minyak sawit dan memperbaiki infrastruktur pendukung industry sawit Indonesia.
2. Agar Indonesia mampu menyaingi Malaysia di pasar Amerika Serikat, pemerintah perlu mendirikan perwakilan sawit Indonesia di Amerika Serikat yang bertugas mempromosikan dan memperluas pasar ekspor sawit Indonesia serta untuk mengelola isu-isu pasar, lingkungan dan kesehatan di Amerika Serikat dengan mengunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang terintegrasi dengan industri dalam negeri.
3. Karena keterbatasan pada penelitian ini, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terutama pada dampak isu lingkungan terhadap peningkatan ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia. Model yang disusun dalam penelitian ini masih dapat terus dikembangkan oleh para peneliti yang juga mengkaji tentang peningkatan ekspor produk turunan minyak sawit. Perbaikan terhadap model dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk penyempurnaan bentuk persamaannya dengan menggunakan variabel yang lebih sesuai. Selain itu, hasil pendugaan parameter model kemungkinan akan semakin baik apabila data yang terkait dengan produk turunan minyak sawit semakin lengkap tersedia di Indonesia terutama pada Kementerian Pertanian, Kementerian Perindustrian, Kementerian Perdagangan dan Badan Pusat Statistik.
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