• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.1. KESIMPULAN

Dari hasil penelitian mengenai “Agregasi Trombosit Maksimal pada Sindroma Koroner Akut” ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :

1. Dijumpai peningkatan yang bermakna nilai rata-rata agregasi trombosit dengan memakai agonis ADP 1μM dan 5 μM pada penderita SKA dibandingkan kontrol

2. Dijumpai perbedaan yang bermakna agregasi trombosit dengan memakai agonis ADP 10 μM pada pasien dengan usia >50 tahun

3. Dijumpai perbedaan yang bermakna kadar rata-rata kolesterol total kadar LDL, kadar glukosa adrandom pada penderita SKA

6.2. SARAN

1. Pada orang berusia > 50 tahun yang memiliki faktor resiko, sebaiknya dilakukan pemeriksaan agregasi trombosit.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Suharti C. Dasar-Dasar Hemostasis. Dalam : Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, dkk. Ed. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Ed 4. Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK UI. Jakarta; 2006:749-754.

2. Oesman F, Setiabudy RD. Fisiologi Hemostasis dan Fibrinolisis. Dalam : Setiabudy RD. Hemostasis dan Trombosis. Ed 3. Balai Penerbit FKUI. Jakarta. 2007; 1-8.

3. Tambunan KL. Patogenesis Trombosis. Dalam : Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, dkk. Ed. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Ed 4. Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK UI. Jakarta; 2006 : 755-758.

4. Laffan M, Manning R. Investigation of haemostasis. In : Lewis SM, Bain BJ, Bates I eds. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 10th ed. Philadelphia : Churchill Livingstone; 2003 : 379-440.

5. Timan IS. Pitfalls Pemeriksaan Agregasi Trombosit. Dalam:Pendidikan Berkesinambungan Patologi Klinik. Bagian Patologi Klinik FK UI. Jakarta. 2006: 30-41.

6. Libby P. The Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In : Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. Mc Graw Hill. 2005 : 1425-1429

7. Vorchheimer DA, Becker R. Platelets in Atherothrombosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81(1) : 59-68

8. Marchant KK. Importance of platelets and platelet response in acute coronary syndromes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. Vol.76 (1). 2009 : 82-87. 9. Kusmana D, Hanafi M. Patofisiologi Penyakit Jantung Koroner. Dalam : Buku

10. Deitcher SR, Rodgers GM. Thrombosis and Antithrombotic Therapy. In : Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, et al. Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology. 11th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. USA. 2004 : 1714-18.

11. Goldschmidt PJ, Lopes N, Crawford LE, et al. Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease. In : Michelson AD. Platelets.. Elsevier. USA 2007 :629-655. 12. Harrison P, Keeling D. Clinical Tests of Platelet Function. In : Michelson AD.

Platelets.. Elsevier. USA 2007 : 445-466.

13. Lindemann S, Gawaz M. Platelets and Atherosclerosis. In : Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA. Et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. Cambridge University Press. UK. 2008; 293-303

14. Michelson AD. Platelet Function Testing in Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation. 2004; 110 : 489-493.

15. Setianto B. Sindroma Koroner Akut, Patofisiologi. Dalam: Diagnosa dan Tatalaksana Hipertensi, Sindroma Koroner Akut dan Gagal Jantung. Balai Penerbit RS Jantung Harapan Kita. Jakarta. 2001 : 59-65.

16. Manurung D. Patogenesa terkini dari Sindroma Koroner Akut. Prosiding Simposium Pendekatan Holistik Penyakit Kardiovaskuler II. Balai Penerbit Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK UI. Jakarta. 2003 : 63-69.

17. Badimon JJ, Ibanez B, Vilahur G. Patophysiology of Arterial Thrombosis. In : Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA. Et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. Cambridge University Press. UK. 2008; 279-292

18. Jennings LK, White MM. Platelet Aggregation. In : Michelson AD. Platelets.. Elsevier. USA 2007 : 495 – 507.

19. Shantsila E. Watson T. Lip GYH. Laboratory Investigation of Platelets. In : Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA. Et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. Cambridge University Press. UK. 2008; 128-131. 20. Mardiana I. Nilai Agregasi Trombosit pada Angina Tak Stabil dan Hubungannya

dengan Faktor Resiko Utama Penyakit Jantung Koroner. Bagian Kardiologi FK UI/RSJHK. 2007.

21. Yoshida T, Hiroki T, Arakawa K. Platelet Aggregation Studies in Patients with Angina Pectoris. Japanese Circulation Journal,vol47. 1983:180-187.

22. Guha S, Sardar P, Karmakar R, et al. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in ACS : Time- Dependent Variability in Platelet Aggregation During the First Week.

23. Hutajulu NC. Agregasi Trombosit Pada IMA. Bagian Kardiologi FK UI/RSJHK. 2007.

24. Lakhey M, Agarwal A, Badhe B. Platelet aggregometric study on whole blood of patients with ischaemic heart disease. Kathmandu University Medical Journal. Vol.3. 2005; 9,11-16.

25. Italiano JE. The Structure and Production of Blood Platelets. In: Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA. Et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. Cambridge University Press. UK. 2008; 1-15

26. Kaushansky K, Roth GJ. Megakaryocytes and Platelets. In : Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, et al. Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology. 11th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. USA. 2004 : 619-634.

27. Miller JL, Rao K. Blood Platelets and von Willebrand Disease. In : McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry`s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Elsevier. USA. 2007 : 747-754; 764-765.

28. Ikeda Y, Matsubara Y, Kamata T. Platelet Immunology : Structure, Functions and Polymorphisms of Membrane Glycoproteins. In : Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA. et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. Cambridge University Press. UK. 2008; 21-30

29. Jurk K, Kehrel BE. Platelets:Physiology and Biochemistry. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Vol.31; 4; 2005 : 381-390.

30. Calverley DC, Maness LJ. Platelet Function in Hemostasis and Thrombosis. In : Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, et al. Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology. 11th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. USA. 2004 : 651-669.

31. Brass LF, Stalker TJ. Mechanism of Platelet Activation. In : Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA. Et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. Cambridge University Press. UK. 2008; 37-48.

32. Watson SP, Harrison P. The Vascular Function of Platelets. In : Hoffbrand AV, Catovsky D, Tuddenham EG. Postgraduate Haematology. 5th ed. Blackwell Publishing. USA. 2005 : 808-824.

33. Michelson AD, Furman MI. Markers of Platelet Activation and Granule Secretion. In: Quinn M, Fitzgerald D, eds. Platelet Function; Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey. Humana Press. 2005:307.

34. Ofosu FA. Review The Blood Platelet as a Model for Regulating Blood Coagulation on Cell Surfaces and Its Consequences. Biochemistry (Moscow), vol 67 (1), 2002 : 47-55.

35. Setiabudy RD. Pemantauan Obat Anti Trombosit. Dalam: Pendidikan Berkesinambungan Patologi Klinik. Bagian Patologi Klinik FK UI. Jakarta. 2004: 121-133.

36. Jarvis GE. Platelet Aggregation. In : Gibbins JM, Smith MPM, eds. Platelets and Megakaryocytes. New Jersey. Humana Press. 2004:65-76.

37. White MM, Jennings LK. Laboratory Evaluation of Platelet Function. In : White MM, Jennings LK. Platelet Protocols; Research and Clinical Laboratory Procedures. California. Academic Press.1999:27-58.

38. Pagana KD. Platelet Aggregation. In: Pagana KD, Pagana TJ. Manual Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests. Mosby Elsevier, USA 2006; 405 – 407.

39. Wirawan R. Nilai Rujukan Pemeriksaan Agregasi Trombosit dengan Adenosin Difosfat pada Orang Indonesia Dewasa Normal di Jakarta. Dalam : Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia, Vol 57, No 7, 2007; 212 – 219.

40. Rao AK. Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function. In : Michelson AD. Platelets.. Elsevier. USA 2007 :1059-1063.

41. Levine SP. Qualitative Disorders of Platelet Funtion. In : Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, et al. Wintrobe`s Clinical Hematology. 11th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. USA. 2004 : 1610-12.

42. Cox D. Platelet Function Studies. In : Quinn M, Fitzgerald D, eds. Platelet Function; Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey. Humana Press. 2005:201-216.

43. Harrison P. Platelet Function Analysis. Blood Reviews 2005; 19:111-23.

44. Katz R, Purcell H. Acute Coronary Syndrome. In: Clinical Practice Series. Elsevier. 2006 : 110-117.

45. Libby P, Theroux P. Patophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease. American Heart Journal. 2007; III : 3481-88.

46. Runge MS, Patterson C. Coronary Atherosclerosis. In : Netter`s Cardiology. 1st ed. Carlstadt Icon Learning Systems. 2004 : 18-28

47. Rauch U, Osende JI, Fuster V, et al. Thrombus Formation on Atherosclerosis Plaques : Pathogenesis and Clinical Consequences. Ann Intern Med. 2001; 134 : 224-238.

48. Crowther MA. Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Hematology 2005 : 436-441. 49. Harun S, Alwi I. Infark Miokard Akut. Dalam : Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam.

Balai Penerbit FK UI.Jakarta. ed.3. 1996 : 1098-1108.

50. Trisnohadi HB. Angina Pektoris Tak Stabil. Dalam : Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakti Dalam. Balai Penerbit FK UI.Jakarta. 2006 : 1621-1625.

51. Antmann EM, Braunwald E. ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. In : Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. Mc Graw Hill. 2005 : 1448-1458. 52. Cannon CP, Braunwald E. Unstable Angina and Non ST Elevation Myocardial

Infarction. In:Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. Mc Graw Hill. 2005:1444-1459.

53. Davies M. Pathology of Coronary Atherosclerosis. In : Heart. Vol 1. 10th ed. 2006 : 1095-1106.

54. Axel DS, Daub K, Seizer P, et al. Platelet lipoprotein interplay: trigger of foam cell formation and driver of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular Research. 2008;78:8-17.

55. Kusumoto FM. Cardiovascular Disorders. Heart Disease in Patophysiology of Disease. 5th ed. Mc Graw Hill. 2006 : 259-299.

56. Yeghiazarians Y, Braunstein JB, Askari A, etal. Unstable Angina pectoris Review Article. New England Journal Medicine. 2000;342:101-114.

57. Suryaatmaja M. Berbagai Modalitas Diagnostik Laboratorium pada Sindroma Koroner Akut; Multi Marker Strategi. Pendekatan Holistik Penyakit Kardiovaskuler VI : 17-24.

58. Suryaatmaja M. Update Penanda Biokimiawi Jantung pada Sindroma Koroner Akut. Dalam : Pendidikan Berkesinambungan Patologi Klinik. Balai Penerbit FK UI. Jakarta. 72-89.

59. Bock JL. Evaluation of Cardiac Injury and Function. In : McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry`s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Elsevier. USA. 2007 : 219-225.

60. Gawaz M. Platelets and Inflammation. In : Quinn M, Fitzgerald D, eds. Platelet Function; Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey. Humana Press. 2005:137-140.

61. Gawaz M, Langer H, May AE. Platelets in inflammation and atherogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005;115:3378-3383.

62. Willerson JT, Yao SK, Ferguson JJ. Unstable Angina Pectoris and the Progression to Acute Myocardial Infarction; Role of Platelets and Platelet- Derived Mediators. Texas Heart Institute Journal.1991;18:243-7.

63. Raiesdana A, loscalzo J. Vessel wall-derived Substances Affecting Platelets. In : Gresele P, Fuster V, Page JA. Et al. Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders. Cambridge University Press. UK. 2008; 92-100.

64. Loo B, Martin JF. A Role for Changes in Platelet Production in the Cause of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb vasc Biol. 1999;19:672-679.

Lampiran 1

Dokumen terkait