6.1. KESIMPULAN
Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein p16 dengan beberapa faktor prognostik histopatologik melanoma malignum kulit jenis nodular yaitu gambaran ulserasi, dan aktivitas mitosis tinggi, dan metastasis kelenjar getah bening.
Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein Ki-67 dengan beberapa faktor prognostik histopatologik melanoma malignum kulit jenis nodular yaitu gambaran ulserasi, dan aktivitas mitosis tinggi, dan metastasis kelenjar getah bening.
6.2. SARAN
Perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan sampel yang lebih besar pada faktor prognostik histopatologik melanoma malignum jenis nodular dan penanda (marker)yang lain.
Perlu dilakukan penelitian yang menghubungkan dengan angka kesintasan pasien – pasien melanoma malignum nodular.
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Lampiran 1.
Hasil uji Fisher’s antara ekspresi p16 dan ulserasi tumor ulserasi * index inti kat Crosstabulation
index inti kat Total loss exp high exp
tumor ulserasi ada Count 10 6 16 Expected Count 10.9 5.1 16.0 % of Total 40.0% 24.0% 64.0% tidak Count 7 2 9 Expected Count 6.1 2.9 9.0 % of Total 28.0% 8.0% 36.0% Total Count 17 8 25 Expected Count 17.0 8.0 25.0 % of Total 68.0% 32.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square .618a 1 .432 Continuity Correctionb .115 1 .734 Likelihood Ratio .639 1 .424
Fisher's Exact Test .661 .374
Linear-by-Linear
Association .593 1 .441
N of Valid Cases 25
a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.88. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Lampiran 2.
Hasil uji Fisher antara ekspresi p16 dan aktivitas mitosis per 1 mm2
mitosis 2 kategorik * index inti kat Crosstabulation
index inti kat Total loss exp high exp
mitosis 2 kategorik low rate Count 4 2 6 Expected Count 4.1 1.9 6.0 % of Total 16.0% 8.0% 24.0% high rate Count 13 6 19 Expected Count 12.9 6.1 19.0 % of Total 52.0% 24.0% 76.0% Total Count 17 8 25 Expected Count 17.0 8.0 25.0 % of Total 68.0% 32.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square .006a 1 .936 Continuity Correctionb .000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .006 1 .936
Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .651
Linear-by-Linear
Association .006 1 .937
N of Valid Cases 25
a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.92. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Hasil uji Fisher’s antara ekspresi p16 dan metastasis kgb
metastasis kgb * index inti kat Crosstabulation
index inti kat Total loss exp high exp
metastasis kgb ada Count 4 4 8 Expected Count 5.4 2.6 8.0 % of Total 16.0% 16.0% 32.0% tidak Count 13 4 17 Expected Count 11.6 5.4 17.0 % of Total 52.0% 16.0% 68.0% Total Count 17 8 25 Expected Count 17.0 8.0 25.0 % of Total 68.0% 32.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.752a 1 .186 Continuity Correctionb .746 1 .388 Likelihood Ratio 1.703 1 .192
Fisher's Exact Test .359 .193
Linear-by-Linear
Association 1.682 1 .195
N of Valid Cases 25
a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Lampiran 4.
Hasil uji Fisher’s Ekspresi Ki67 dan metastasis kgb Crosstab
ki67 cut off 20% Total <20 >20 metastasis kgb ada Count 3 5 8 Expected Count 3.8 4.2 8.0 % of Total 12.0% 20.0% 32.0% tidak Count 9 8 17 Expected Count 8.2 8.8 17.0 % of Total 36.0% 32.0% 68.0% Total Count 12 13 25 Expected Count 12.0 13.0 25.0 % of Total 48.0% 52.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square .520a 1 .471 Continuity Correctionb .085 1 .770 Likelihood Ratio .524 1 .469
Fisher's Exact Test .673 .387
Linear-by-Linear
Association .499 1 .480
N of Valid Cases 25
a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.84. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Lampiran 5.
Hasil uji Fisher’s ekspresi ki67 dan tumor ulserasi Crosstab
ki67 cut off 20% Total <20 >20 tumor ulserasi ada Count 8 8 16 Expected Count 7.7 8.3 16.0 % of Total 32.0% 32.0% 64.0% tidak Count 4 5 9 Expected Count 4.3 4.7 9.0 % of Total 16.0% 20.0% 36.0% Total Count 12 13 25 Expected Count 12.0 13.0 25.0 % of Total 48.0% 52.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square .071a 1 .790 Continuity Correctionb .000 1 1.000 Likelihood Ratio .071 1 .789
Fisher's Exact Test 1.000 .560
Linear-by-Linear
Association .068 1 .794
N of Valid Cases 25
a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.32. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Lampiran 6.
Hasil uji Fisher’s ekspresi ki67 dan aktivitas mitosis per 1 mm2 Crosstab
ki67 cut off 20% Total <20 >20 mitosis 2 kategorik low rate Count 4 2 6 Expected Count 2.9 3.1 6.0 % of Total 16.0% 8.0% 24.0% high rate Count 8 11 19 Expected Count 9.1 9.9 19.0 % of Total 32.0% 44.0% 76.0% Total Count 12 13 25 Expected Count 12.0 13.0 25.0 % of Total 48.0% 52.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.102a 1 .294 Continuity Correctionb .338 1 .561 Likelihood Ratio 1.115 1 .291
Fisher's Exact Test .378 .281
Linear-by-Linear
Association 1.058 1 .304
N of Valid Cases 25
a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.88. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Lampiran 7.
Hasil uji Mc. Nemar ekspresi p16 pada tumor primer dan sekunder p16 kateg prim * p16 kateg sekunder Crosstabulation
Count
p16 kateg sekunder Total
1.00 2.00
p16 kateg prim 1.00 3 1 4
2.00 0 4 4
Total 3 5 8
Chi-Square Tests
Value Exact Sig. (2-sided)
McNemar Test 1.000a
N of Valid Cases 8
a. Binomial distribution used.
Lampiran 8.
Hasil uji Mc Nemar antara ekspresi ki67 dan tumor primer dan sekunder ki67 primer cutof 20% * ki67 sekunder cutof 20% Crosstabulation
Count
ki67 sekunder cutof 20% Total
1.00 2.00
ki67 primer cutof 20% 1.00 2 1 3
2.00 0 5 5
Total 2 6 8
Chi-Square Tests
Value Exact Sig. (2-sided)
McNemar Test 1.000a
N of Valid Cases 8
a. Binomial distribution used.
2178 57 < 60 1 Lengan bawah ext tidak tidak 3 <5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp 75.80 2.00
100847 60 > 60 1 Lengan bawah ext ada tidak 3 <5 strong 51.00 high exp 6.00 7.50 3.00 high exp 2.40 1.00
0305261 I 50 < 60 2 kulit nos others ada ada 0 <5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp 68.40 2.00
0605600 III 35 < 60 1 pedis ext tidak tidak 1 <5 weak .00 loss exp .00 56.20 3.00 high exp .00 1.00
703402 25 < 60 2 Lengan atas ext ada tidak 2 <5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp .00 1.00
802137 46 < 60 2 pedis ext ada tidak 18 >5 weak .00 loss exp .00 4.20 1.00 Loss exp 10.00 1.00
806505 47 < 60 1 pedis ext ada tidak 23 >5 weak .00 loss exp .00 27.80 2.00 high exp 80.00 2.00
0807814 B2 53 < 60 1 pedis ext tidak tidak 13 >5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp .00 1.00
901627 43 < 60 2 hipogastrik others ada tidak 14 >5 moderate 5.80 high exp 2.00 28.00 4.00 high exp 46.40 2.00
1001563 70 > 60 2 digiti manus ext tidak tidak 7 >5 strong 5.00 high exp 3.00 70.00 9.00 high exp 30.00 2.00
1005037 83 > 60 1 mata kaki ext tidak tidak 5 >5 weak .00 loss exp .00 90.00 3.00 high exp 24.40 2.00
1005814 IV 60 > 60 2 plantar pedis ext ada ada 10 >5 moderate .00 loss exp .00 85.60 6.00 high exp 16.00 1.00
1006484 IA 54 < 60 2 kalkaneus ext ada ada 12 >5 weak 10.20 high exp 2.00 54.60 3.00 high exp 69.00 2.00
1006747 74 > 60 2 digiti pedis ext ada tidak 8 >5 weak .00 loss exp .00 14.80 2.00 high exp 16.20 1.00
1006839 89 > 60 2 labium oris inferior others ada tidak 6 >5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp 25.20 2.00
1100413 61 > 60 1 telapak kaki ext ada tidak 5 >5 strong 40.00 high exp 6.00 90.00 9.00 high exp 23.00 2.00
1102582 I 48 < 60 1 parietal others tidak ada 10 >5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp 5.00 1.00
1104868 IIB 53 < 60 1 pedis ext ada ada 3 <5 moderate 3.40 high exp 2.00 84.40 6.00 high exp 11.20 1.00
1105762 I 54 < 60 1 pedis ext tidak ada 20 >5 weak 16.00 high exp 2.00 46.00 2.00 high exp 68.00 2.00
1106000 I 60 > 60 2 tumit kaki ext tidak ada 30 >5 moderate .00 loss exp .00 80.00 6.00 high exp 53.20 2.00
1107609 I 48 < 60 2 kaki ext ada ada 9 >5 strong 45.20 high exp 6.00 30.60 6.00 high exp 80.00 2.00
1108873 44 < 60 1 femur ext ada tidak 6 >5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp 8.00 1.00
1110039 24 < 60 1 anorektal others ada tidak 5 >5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp 36.00 2.00
1200526 80 > 60 1 kulit nos others ada tidak 40 >5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp .00 1.00
1202671 59 < 60 2 Lengan kiri atas ext tidak tidak 6 >5 no staining .00 loss exp .00 .00 .00 Loss exp 7.00 1.00