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Perubahan susunan kalimat dan bentuk penghubung

Dalam dokumen 08. eBook TOEFL (Halaman 95-103)

C PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN DALAM DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH

4. Perubahan susunan kalimat dan bentuk penghubung

Jika reported speech pada kalimat langsung berupa pertanyaan, perintah atau larangan, pada kalimat tak langsungnya pola reported speech itu akan berubah menjadi pola kalimat affirmative.

Pola reported speech pada kalimat pertanyaan akan berubah menjadi seprti di bawah ini: yes/no question

If/ whether + S + predikat

WH question

WH question + S + V

Sementara pada kalimat perintah atau larangan, tinggal membubuhkan to dan not to sebagai penghubung. Perhatikan tabel berikut:

Bentuk kalimat penghubung Kalimat interrogative If/whether/question words Kalimat perintah to

Kalimat larangan not to Contoh:

Daniel asks “what do you want?” → Daniel asks what i want.

Cleo asked, “are you happy now?” → Cleo asked if i was happy then.

Bryan said to me, “don’t stay to close to the fire!” →Bryan said to me not to stay close to the fire.

Celly told her brothers, “bring me ice cream!” → celly told her brothers to bring her ice cream.

Untuk mengetahui lebih jelas perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi, perhatikan tabel berikut!

Perubahan

pronoun Perubahantenses penghubungperubahan Perubahansusunan Perubahanadverb Kalimat affirmative Kalimat Introgative Kalimat perintah Kalimat larangan

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EXERCISE

EXCERCISE 1

1.. Yono said, ‘I wish I were the winner.’ It means: A. Yono wished that he is the winer

B. Yono wished that he had been the winner C. Yono wished that he could be the winner D. Yono wished if he were the winner 2. Galih : “Stop the car, please!”

Driver : “OK.”

A. Galih told the driver stop the car. B. Galih said that the driver stop the car C. The driver told Galih to stop the car D. Galih told the driver to stop the car

3. The teacher asked Sita, “Why did you make mistakes?” The teacher wondered ____

A. Why she made many mistakes B. Why she had made many mistakes C. Why did she made many mistakes D. Why had she made many mistakes 4. Mother : Ta, have you had your breakfast?

Ita : Not yet, mum.

Father : What did your mother ask you,Ita?

Ita : Oh, she wanted to know whether _________ A. I had my breakfast

B. I had had my breakfast C. You had your breakfast D. I have had my breakfast

5. Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?

Jenifer : What did the teacher want to know, Fergie? Fergie : She wanted to know ______ .

A. If Mary was absent B. Why Mary was absent C. Why was Mary absent D. Why Mary had been absent

6. Tutut : Were you sleeping when I called you last night? Indra : No, I went to the cinema.

From the dialogue we know that Tutut wanted to know if Indra ___________ when she called him.

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A. Has been sleeping B. Slept

C. Had been sleeping D. Was sleeping

7. X : What did he said to you?

Y : He told me that he ___ sad then. A. Is

B. Was C. Has been D. Had been

8. His sister asked : “Why do you wake up so early?” His sister wondered why ________

A. He wakes up so early B. He had waken up so early C. Had he waken up so early D. He woke up so early

9. A : I have a pain in my throat. What would you recommend? B : I’d advise you _________ anymore

A. Not to smoke B. Not smoke C. Will not smoke D. Are not smoke

10. Mother : Clean your room, Siska! Siska : Yes, mom.

Vinda : What did your mother tell you, Siska? Siska : She told me _________

A. Clean my room B. Cleaned my room C. To clean my room D. To clean your room

11. As the road to Puncak had become slippery after the rain, I told the bus driver____ A. Do not speed

B. Not to speed C. Not speeding D. He does not speed

12. “Do you borrow this book from the library? “ asked Deni.

Deni wanted to know whether I _________ that book from the library. A. Borrow

B. Borrowed C. Have borrowed D. Am going to borrowed

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13. Stephen said to me, ‘Do you close the windows at night?’ The indirect form is: Stephen asked me___ at night. A. That closed the windows

B. If I closed the windows

C. Whether you closed the windows D. When I closed the windows 14. ‘Why is he searching every drawer?’

‘Let’s ask him ____ ‘ A. What is he looking for B. Is he looking for something C. If he looks for something D. What he is looking for

15. He asked me whether he ______ my car to go to the party. A. Can borrow

B. Might borrow C. May borrow D. Would borrow

EXCERCISE 2

16. The teacher asked why did Mary came late. A B C D

17. Yesterday the doctor told me took the medichines. A B C D

18. Eti asked Andi if he will come to her party the following Saturday. A B C D

19. Mother asked whether you want meatballs or fried chicken. A B C D

20. He said he went to her house the previous day. A B C D

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PEMBAHASAN

1. Kunci Jawaban: B

Yono said, ‘I wish I were the winner.’

Jika kalimat diatas diubah kedalam bentuk tidak langsung maka akan terjadi perubahan. Yang pertama adalah subyek yang akan berubah menjadi ‘he’ atau ‘Yono’. Yang kedua adalah kalimat subjunctive tipe II menjadi tipe III dan yang terakhir adalah kata sambung that sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah Yono wished that he had been the winner.

2. Kunci Jawaban: D

Galih : “Stop the car, please!”

Untuk membentuk kalimat tidak langsung kata perintah diganti dengan to infinitive dan tidak terjadi perubahan waktu. Maka bentuk kalimat tidak langsung yang tepat adalah: Galih told the driver to stop the car.

3. Kunci Jawaban: B

Susunan reported speech yang tepat adalah WH-question + S + had + V3 dimana subyek yang dimaksud (you) adalah Sita. Sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah why Sita had made many mistakes.

4. Kunci Jawaban: B

Mother : Ta, have you had your breakfast?

Untuk membentuk kalimat tersebut menjadi kalimat tidak langsung akan terjadi perubahan yaitu Perubahan yang terjadi pada reported speech adalam:

pronoun, yaitu you menjadi I dan your menjadi my.

present perfect tense menjadi past per fect tense, sehingga hav. e had menjadi had had

Kata sambung if/whether

Maka kalimat indirect-nya: whether I had had my breakfast. 5. Kunci Jawaban: D

WH-question dengan tenses simple past jika diubah menjadi kalimat tidak langsung akan memiliki pola wh-question+S+had+V3 jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah why Mary had been absent.

6. Kunci Jawaban: C

Tutut : Were you sleeping when I called you last night?

Jika diubah dalam bentuk indirect speech akan menjadi Past Perfect Continuous Tense karena kalimat tersebut adalah Past continuous tense, sehingga were menjadi had been. Jawaban yang tepat adalah had been sleeping.

7. Kunci Jawaban: B

Then dalam kalimat memberikan petunjuk bahwa kalimat tersebut adalah simpe past tense sehingga kata bantu yang tepat adalah was.

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8. Kunci Jawaban: D

Kalimat langsung yang merupakan simple present tense menjadi simple past tense pada kalimat tidak langsungnya sehingga menjadi he woke up so early.

9. Kunci Jawaban: A

B : I’d advise you _________ anymore

Kalimat tersebut hendak memberikan larangan untuk merokok sehingga kalimat tidak lang-sungnya tinggal diberi tambahan to atau not to, sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah not to smoke.

10. Kunci Jawaban: C

Mother : Clean your room, Siska!

Jika kalimat tersebut diubah menjadi kalimat tidak langsung menjadi to clean my room kare-na kalimat tersebut adalah kalimat perintah sedang pronoun your diubah menjadi my. 11. Kunci Jawaban: B

I told the bus driver____

Untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut dibutuhkan kalimat tidak langsung yang memberikan la-rangan sehingga jawaban yang tepat adalah not to speed.

12. Kunci Jawaban: B

“Do you borrow this book from the library? “ asked Deni

Untuk mengubahnya menjadi kalimat tidak langsung perlu mengubah simple present tense menjadi simple past tense, sehingga menjadi I borrowed.

13. Kunci Jawaban: B

Stephen said to me, ‘Do you close the windows at night?’

Simple present tense menjadi simple past tense sehingga kalimat tidak langsungnya men-jadi if I closed the windows at night..

14. Kunci Jawaban: D

‘Why is he searching every drawer?’

Jika kalimat di atas diubah menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, maka dalam reported speech tidak terjadi perubahan tenses karena reporting speech present. Kata sambungnya adalah why maka kalimat tak langsungnya

menjadi Let’s ask him why he is searching every drawer yang memiliki makna yang

sama dengan Let’s ask him what he is looking for. 15. Kunci Jawaban: B

He asked me whether he ______ my car to go to the party.

Reporting speech berupa past tense maka tenses pada reported speech kalimat indirect tidak mungkin menggunakan present tense dimana kalimat diatas menunjukkan permintaan ijin sehingga jawaban yang sesuai adalah might borrow.

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EXERCISE 2

1. Kunci Jawaban: C

The teacher asked why did Mary came late.

Pola kalimat tak langsung untuk WH-question adalah: S + ask + WH question + S + V.

Maka kata bantu did tidak diperlukan dalam kalimat di atas. 2. Kunci Jawaban: C

Yesterday the doctor told me took the medichines.

Pola kalimat tak langsung untuk kalimat perintah adalah: S + told + to V1. Maka kata took

seharusnya diganti dengan to take. 3. Kunci Jawaban: B

Eti asked Andi if he will come to her party the following Saturday.

Karena kata kerja pada reporting speech adalah bentuk lampau (asked), maka kata kerja pada reported speech tidak mungkin berbentuk future. Jadi will seharusnya diganti dengan would.

4. Kunci Jawaban: C

Mother asked whether you want meatballs or fried chicken.

Karena kata kerja pada reporting speech adalah bentuk lampau, maka kata kerja pada re-ported speech tidak mungkin berbentuk present. Jadi want seharusnya diganti dengan want-ed.

5. Kunci Jawaban: B

He said he went to her house the previous day.

Keterangan waktu previous day menunjukkan bahwa kejadian pada reported speech terjadi pada masa lampau atau dengan kata lain, jika kalimat tersebut berupa kalimat langsung, tensesnya adalah past tense. Karena kata kerja pada reporting speech berbentuk lampau maka dalam kalimat tak langsung, tenses pada reported speech tersebut harus berubah menjadi past perfect. Maka went seharusnya diganti dengan had gone.

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Catatan

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A PENGERTIAN

Participle merupakan kata kerja yang bentuknya berupa V-ing atau V3 yang mana dapat digunakan dalam menyusun bentuk-bentuk tenses maupun digunakan sebagai kata sifat atau adjective.

Dalam dokumen 08. eBook TOEFL (Halaman 95-103)