BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
4.2 Saran
4.2.2 Saran Praktis
Terdapat beberapa saran praktis yang didasari atas outcome dari penelitian
ini, di antaranya: Pertama, perlu adanya penelitian yang mengkaji lebih lanjut
sebagai pedoman dalam membuat regulasi pemerintah terkait dengan
penetrasi perusahaan multinasional di negara, terutama di negara-negara
spesial yang memiliki status kurang berkembang. Hal ini dilakukan agar
eksistensi perusahaan multinasional tidak menjadi duri dalam negara sendiri.
Kedua, pemerintah dalam hal ini negara yang memiliki status berkembang
ataupun kurang berkembang, perlu melihat dari dalam keuntungan dan
keburukan dari diizinkannya penetrasi sebuah perusahaan multinasional.
Regulasi atau ketentuan-ketentuan yang mengatur peran bagi keduanya juga
perlu dilandaskan atas kesepakatan yang jelas untuk menghindari hal-hal
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Buku
Anguelov, N. (2016). The Dirty Side of the Garment Industry: Fast Fashion and
Its Negative Impact on Environment and Society. Florida: CRC Press.
Balaam, D. & Dillman, B. (2014). Introduction to Political Economy 6th Ed. New
York: Pearson.
Brooks, A. (2015). Clothing Poverty: The Hidden World of Fast Fashion and
Second-hand Clothes. London: Zed Books.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th Ed.). Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
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Creswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed
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Enarsson, L. (2008). Outsourcing and Strategic Sourcing – From Strategic Models to Practical Experience. Gothenburg: BAS Publishing.
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Gilpin, R. (2001). Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Hossain, S. (2011). Urban Poverty in Bangladesh: Slum Communities, Migration, and Social Integration. New York: I. B. Tauris.
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“Developing Societies”. London: The Macmillan Press.
Kabeer, N. & Simeen Mahmud. Rags, Riches, and Women Workers: Export Oriented Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh. In Commonwealth Secretariat. (2004). Chains of Fortune: Linking Women Producers and Workers with Global Markets. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Khan, A. R., & Hossain, M. (1989). The Strategy of Development in Bangladesh. London: The Macmillan Press.
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Lewis, D. (2011). Bangladesh: Politics, Economy, and Civil Society. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Myrdal, G. (1957). Economic Theory and Under-Developed Regions. London: Gerald Duckworth.
Petterson, B. (2001). HM – Handelsmannen. Stockholm: Ekerlids Forlag. Sawada, Y. et al. (2018). Economic and Social Development of Bangladesh:
Miracle and Challenges. Tokyo: Japan International Cooperation Agency Research Institute.
Selim, S. (2008). Ecological Modernisation and Environmental Compliance: The Garment Industry in Bangladesh. London: Routledge.
Wills, J., & Angela Hale. Threads of Labour in Global Garment Industry. In Wills J., & Angela Hale. (2005). Threads of Labour: Garment Industry Supply Chain from Workers’ Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Znaniecki, F. In Miller, R & John Brewer. (2003). The A-Z of Social Research: A Dictionary of Key Social Science Research Concepts. London: SAGE. Jurnal
Ahmed, S., Raihan, M. Z., & Islam, N. (2013). Labour Unrest in the Ready-Made Garment Industry of Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(15), pp. 68-80.
Adnan, T. (2018). Low Wage Crisis: Impacts on Bangladeshi Garment Sector Workers. Journal of Mass Communication & Journalism, 8(1), pp. 1-4. Angotti, T. (1981). The Political Implications of Dependency Theory. Latin
America Perspectives, 8(3), pp. 124-137.
Barnes, L., & Lea-Greenwood, G. (2006). Fast Fashioning the Supply Chain: Shaping the Research Agenda. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 10(3), pp. 259-271.
Bartley, T., & Egels-Zanden, N. (2015). Responsibility and Neglect in Global Production Networks: The Uneven Significance of Codes of Conduct in Indonesian Factory. Global Networks 15 Suplemental Issue, pp. S21-S44. Boje, D. M., & Khan, F. R. (2009). Story-Branding by Empire Entrepreneurs:
Nike, Child Labour, and Pakistan’s Soccer Ball Industry. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 22(1), pp. 9-24.
Chan, A. (2003). A Rac to the Bottom. China’s Perspectives, No. 46.
Eden, L. (1991). Bringing the Firm Back In: Multinationals in Intrenational Political Economy. Millennium Journal of International Studies, 20(2), pp. 197-224.
Giertz-Martenson, I. (2012). H&M – Documenting the Story of One of the World’s Largest Fahsion Retailers. Business History, 54(1), pp. 108-115.
Universitas Pertamina - 73 Haider, M. Z. (2007). Competitiveness of the Bangladesh Ready-Made Garment
Industry in Major International Markets. Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Review, 3(1), pp. 3-27.
Hultman, J. & Elg, U. (2012). Cpuntry Report Sweden. European Retail Research, 26(2), pp. 151-166.
Masson, R., et al. (2007). Managing Complexity in Agile Global Fashion Industry Supply Chains. International Journal of Logistics Management, 18(2), pp. 238-254.
Mo, Z. (2015). Internationalization Process of Fast Fashion Retailers: Evidence of H&M and Zara. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(3), 217-236.
Mottaleb, K., & Sonobe, T. (2011). An Inquiry into the Rapid Growth of the Garment Industry. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60(1), pp 67-67.
Nye, J. (1974). Multinational Corporations in World Politics. Foreign Affairs, 53(1), pp. 152-175.
Ozdamar-Ertekin, Z. (2016). Conflicting Perspectives on Speed: Dynamics and Consequences of the Fast Fashion System. Market, Globalization, & Development Review, 1(1), pp. 1-33.
Tonmoy, D. (2013). Business Analysis of Readymade Garments Industry in Contect of Complex Strategic Environment of Bangladesh, 12-15.
Turker, D., & Altuntas, C. (2014). Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Fast Fashion Industry: An Analysis of Corporate Reports. European Management Journal, 32(5), pp. 837-849.
Youell, M. (2013). An Analysis of the Growth and Success of H&M. Bachelor of Commerce – Best Business Research Papers, 7, pp. 108-121.
Tesis/Disertas
Backstrom, C., & Bauer, M. (2012). Swedish Fashion Companies: An Analysis of International Expansion Strategies. University of Gothenburg..
Hasan, M., & Alim, M. (2010). Factors Affecting SUppliy Chain Management Eficiency in Cross Border Outsourcing: A Case Study of H&M and its Outsourcing Operations in Bangladesh. University of Gothenburg. Hossain, R. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment on Bangladeshi Garments and
Textiles Sector. Seinajoki University of Applied Sciences. Li, J., & Frydrychowska, M. (2008). The International Expansion of A
Multinational Company – A Case Study of H&M. Malardalen University, Munoz, L., & Gonzalez, J. N. (2015). H&M Supply Chain Management.
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Yusha, V. (2018). The role of Multinational Corporations and of the State in Promoting Human Rights in Bangladesh: A Case Study of the Rana Plaza Factory Collapse. Malmo University.
Laporan
Lu, S. (2014). 2014 US Fashion Industry Benchmarking Study. United States Fashion Industry Association. Dikutip dari http://www.usfashionindustry. com/pdf_files/USFIA-URI-Fashion-Industry-Benchmarking-Study-2014.pdf.
ICFAI. (2008). H&M’s Supply Chain Management Practices. ICFAI Center for Management Research. Dikutip dari https://www.icmrindia.org/
casestudies/catalogue/Operations/OPER066.htm
UNCTAD. (2012). Bangladesh: Sector-Specific Investment Strategy and Action Plan. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
https://unctad.org/Sections/diae_dir/docs/diae_G20_Bangladesh_en.pdf Internet
Anderson, H. (2011). To Die For: Is Fashion Wearing Out the World? By Lucy Siegle – Review. The Guardian. Dikutip dari https://www.theguardian.com/ books/2011/jun/12/to-die-for-lucy-siegle-review, 12 September 2019. Claeson, H. (2012). H&M: Hypocrisy & Minimum Wage. International Labour
Rights Forum. Dikutip dari https://laborrights.org/blog/201210/hm-hypocrisy-minimum-wage, 16 Desember 2019
Clean Clothes Campaign. (2015). Analysis: H&M’s Response to Report on Safety at Bangladesh Supplier Factories. International Labor Rights Forum. Dikutip dari https://laborrights.org/publications/analysis-hm%E2%80%99s-response-report-safety-bangladesh-supplier-factories, 25 Oktober 2019 Clean Clothes Campaign. (2015). H&M Fails to Make Fire and Building Safety
Repairs in Bangladesh. Dikutip dari https://cleanclothes.org/news/ 2015/10/01/h-m-fails-to-make-fire-and-building-safety-repairs-in-bangladesh, 17 Desember 2019
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H&M Group. (n.d). Markets and Expansion. Dikutip dari https://hmgroup.com/ about-us/markets-and-expansion.html, 25 November 2019
Universitas Pertamina - 75 H&M Way. (n.d). The H&M Way – Living by Our Valuees and Guidelines
Everyday. Dikutip dari https://about.hm.com/content/dam/hmgroup/ groupsite/documents/en/hm-way/HM%20Way_en.pdf, 23 November 2019 Hickman, M. (2010). 21 Workers Die in Fire at H&M Factory. The Independent.
Dikutip dari https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/21-workers -die-in-fire-at-hm-factory-1914292.html, 20 Desember 2019 Hoskins, T. (2017). In Bangladesh, The People Who Make Your Clothes are
Striking for Their Rights. ID Vice. Dikutip dari https://i-d.vice.com/ en_uk/article/ywv9wg/in-bangladesh-the-people-who-make-your-clothes-are-striking-for-their-rights, 21 Desember 2019
Hucal, S. (2018). The Hidden Human Cost of Fast Fashion. DW. Dikutip dari https://www.dw.com/en/the-hidden-human-cost-of-fast-fashion/a-46577624, 21 Desember 2019
Houston, J. (2019). Sneaky Ways Stores Like H&M, Zara, and Uniqlo Get You to Spend More Money on Clothes. Business Insider. Dikutip dari https://www. businessinsider.com/hm-zara-uniqlo-fast-fashion-spend-money-clothes-2019-1?IR=T, 25 November 2019
Islam, A. (2017). Why and How Should you Invest in Bangladesh RMG Industry?. Textile Tiday. Dikutip dari
https://www.textiletoday.com.bd/invest-bangladesh-rmg-industry/, 15 September 2019
Kenton, W., & Abbot, B. (2019). Lead Time. Investopedia. Dikutip dari https:// www.investopedia.com/terms/l/leadtime.asp, 25 November 2019
Stitchdiary. (2018). What Makes Bangladesh A Hub of Garment Manufacturing? Medium. https://medium.com/@stitchdiary/what-makes-bangladesh-a-hub-of-garment-manufacturing-ce83aa37edfc, 10 Januari 2020
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https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bangladesh-garments/ unrest-threatens-bangladeshs-key-garment-export-idUSBRE88519J20120906, 25 Desember 2019
UNCDP. (2018). List of Least Developed Countries (as December 2018). United Nations Committee for Development Policy. Dikutip dari https://www.un. org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/ldc_ list.pdf, 15 Desember 2019
War on Want. (2010). Fashion Victims – The Facts. Dikutip dari https://waronwant.org/ fashion-victims-facts, 15 Desember 2019
World Bank. (2010). GDP PerCapita. Dikutip dari https://data.worldbank.org/ indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?end=2010&start=1960, 15 Desember 2019 Vicky. (2018). What Went Wrong with H&M?. Omnilytics. Dikutip dari
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LEMBAR BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR
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BIODATA
Innesia Ma’sumah, atau akrab disapa Innes, merupakan seorang perempuan kelahiranJakarta, 20 Februari 1998. Saat ini Innesia berprofesi sebagai mahasiswi tingkat akhir yang sedang menyelesaikan jenjang Sarjana (S1) dengan konsentrasi studi Hubungan Internasional di Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta. Selama menjalankan studinya, Innesia memiliki perhatian khusus terhadap kajian-kajian yang berbicara mengenai isu-isu non-konvensional, seperti isu gender; ekonomi politik internasional; dan politik dunia.
Innesia selalu haus dan tertarik untuk mempelajari hal-hal baru yang ada di sekelilingnya. Tidak heran jika membaca adalah aktivitas pilihan nomer satu untuk mengisi waktu senggangnya. Baik itu merupakan buku ilmiah untuk memperdalam pengetahuan, ataupun buku fiksi untuk memberikan hiburan.
Sejauh ini, Innesia telah mempublikasikan salah satu buah hasil pemikirannya yang berupa artikel yaitu Ramadhan, I. & Ma'sumah, I. (2018). Mengkaji Peran UN Women dalam Mengatasi Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dan Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Gender melalui Perspektif Feminisme. Asia Pacific Studies: Journal of International Relations, 2(2), pp. 144-160.