SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa Tugas Akhir Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Keluarga Korban Gempa dan Tsunami di Kabupaten Pidie adalah karya saya sendiri dan belum pernah diajukan dalam bentuk apapun kepeda perguruan tinggi mana pun . Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun yang tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka dibagian akhir tesis ini.
Bogor, Mei 2007
A. Rakhman A552050085
ABSTRACT
A.RAKHMAN. Food and Nutrition Security in Earthquake and Wave Tsunami Victims Household at Pidie District. Under direction of Yayuk Farida Baliwati and Dadang Sukandar
The earthquake and wave tsunami tragedy on December 26, 2004 in Pidie District NAD caused 85.860 people to be evacuated and live at refuge barracks. They were suffering deficiency of food and nutrition, and most of them lost their jobs and income, which indirectly impacted on the decrease of their household economics. The rate of food access in refuge household based on household income can be classified into “poor” category (24%), in which their food necessity is supported by Pidie District Government, while 76% is in the category of “not poor” and can support their consumption from food secure and their own income. If food consumption is used as an indicator for food secure household, a household is considered to have food insecure if their consumption is lower than 70% from sufficiency calories suggested: 2000 Kcal/people/day. The aim of this research was to analyze food secure and nutrition household in Pidie District.
The research design was cross-sectional study. This research was conducted from November 2006 to January 2007 at Pidie District (sub district Kota Sigli, Simpang Tiga, Kembang Tanjong, Pantee Raja and Trenggadeng). Sampling technique used was stratified random sampling with proportional allocation, in which of the total population of 2.158 households only 100 households were taken as samples. Data that were collected in this research consist of primary and secondary data, and they were analyzed by SPSS version 11 and SAS version 8 for Windows.
The results showed that most of the children samples were male (56.0%), whose ages ranged from 4 to 33 months (57.0%). The level of education of the head household and wife were mostly junior high school and senior high school. The monthly income per capita of respondents fell into the middle category, ranging between IDR 81,520 and IDR 441,480 (85.0%), the high category (with an income of > IDR 441,480) of about 10%, and the low category (with an income of < IDR 81,250) of about 5%. Proportion of food expenditure by household was 65.5% and non food was 34.5%, with the main food price especially rice was stable (from IDR 4,800 to IDR 5,000). The cut off food secure of household based on food consumption was 67.0% for food secure and 33.0% under food insecure category. The nutritional status of 51.0% samples was categorized as normal. There were positive correlations between household income and household food security and negative correlations between nutritional status of sample and household food security.
The average consumption of calorie, protein, vitamin A and iron of households was lower than the required nutrition sufficiency rate for a household. Most of the households were still in the normal level (51%). However, there were still a lot of babies with the underweight nutrition status (49%). There was a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between income per capita per household per month and the level of food security of the household and there was a negative correlation of non r (p>0.05) between the sample nutrition status and the household food secure level.
The results of goal programming showed that the households of four members with the income of IDR 9,200/day could not fulfill the energy sufficient level (ESL) and protein sufficient level (PSL) of 70% or over. An ESL of 75% and a PSL of 110% can only be achieved if the income is IDR 20,000 per day. Key words: food and nutrition security, household.
RINGKASAN
A.RAKHMAN, Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Keluarga Korban Gempa dan Tsunami di Kabupaten Pidie. Dibimbing oleh Yayuk Farida Baliwati dan Dadang Sukandar.
Tragedi musibah gempa bumi dan gelombang tsunami yang terjadi pada tanggal 26 Desember 2004 di Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD), menyebabkan terjadi pengungsian di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam sebanyak 514.150 orang, 17.0% diantaranya terjadi di Kabupaten Pidie dan mereka tinggal di barak-barak pengungsian, dimana kondisinya banyak yang mengalami kekurangan pangan dan gizi, disamping itu pula banyak penduduk yang kehilangan pekerjaan serta sumber pendapatan yang secara tidak langsung berdampak pada menurunnya akses ekonomi rumah tangga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis ketahanan pangan dan gizi rumah tangga korban gempa dan tsunami di Kabupaten Pidie.
Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional study. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak bulan November 2006 sampai Januari 2007. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Kota Sigli, Simpang Tiga, Kembang Tanjong, Pantee Raja dan Trenggadeng. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh keluarga yang wilayahnya terkena gempa dan tsunami dan berada pada lima kecamatan. Penentuan contoh yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah acak berlapis dengan alokasi proporsional. Jumlah populasi 2158 keluarga, dari jumlah populasi tersebut diambil contoh secara acak berlapis proporsional sebanyak 100 keluarga. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini meliputi data primer yaitu karakteristik dan konsumsi pangan keluarga, data sekunder meliputi data luas wilayah dan jumlah penduduk. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan program SPSS versi 11.0 dan SAS versi 8 for Windows.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar balita contoh berjenis kelamin laki-laki (56.0%) dan berada pada kisaran umur 4 -33 bulan (57.0%). Orang tua contoh sebanyak 60.0% (kepala keluarga) dan 53.0% (isteri) berusia antara 27-46 tahun. Pendidikan sebagian besar kepala keluarga lulusan SMA 29% dan SMP 28%. Pendidkan isteri sebagian besar lulusan SMA 28% dan SMP 27%. Contoh berasal dari keluarga kecil (53%), sedang (35%) dan besar (10%). Proporsi pengeluaran keluarga untuk pangan adalah 65.5% dan non pangan 34.5%. Status gizi balita contoh berdasarkan BB/U sebagian besar (51.0%) mempunyai status gizi yang normal. Balita yang mempunyai status gizi gizi kurang(49.0%)
Rata-rata konsumsi energi, protein, vitamin A dan zat besi keluarga dari hasil pengukuran rata-rata lebih rendah dibandingkan angka kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan.Terdapat hubungan positif sangat nyata (p<0.05) antara pendapatan perkapita keluarga per bulan dengan tingkat ketahanan pangan rumahtangga dan hubungan negatif tidak r (p>0.05) antara status gizi contoh dan tingkat ketahan pangan rumah tangga.
Saran : Diperlukan dukungan dari berbagai pihak, khususnya pemerintah Kabupaten Pidie dalam meningkatkan kualitas ketahanan pangan dan gizi rumah tangga, terutama wilayah terkena tsunami.
Rekomendasi :
Berdasarkan hasil goal programming, keluarga yang pendapatannya Rp 9.200/hari dengan anggota keluarga 4 orang tdak dapat memenuhi Tingkat kecukupan Energi (TKE) dan Tingkat Kecukupan Protein (TKP) 70% atau lebih. Untuk mencapai TKE sebesar 75% dan TKP 110% diperlukan pendapatan minimal setara Rp 20.000/hari.
