The examination may include questions relating to the physiological be- haviour of any of the anatomical systems of the body.
BOOKS (a) Prescribed textbooks:
• Best C H Taylor N B and Brobeck J R Physiological Basis of Medical Practice 9th ed, Williams & Wilkins 1973
• Wright S Kеelе C A etc Applied Physiology, 12th ed OUP 1971 143
Faculty of Medicine
(b) Recommended for reference:
Ruch T C & Patton H D Physiology and Biophysics, 20th ed Saunders 1973
EXAMINATION One 3-hour written paper; viva voce examination.
555-821 PHYSICS
As background knowledge only, it is recommended that candidates revise the following aspects of Physics studied previously: Direct current electricity including Ohm's Law; simple treatment of voltage, current, resistance, power, capacity, heating and magnetic effects of a current.
Electro-magnetic induction, Lenz's Law. Simple theory of alternating current, wave form and frequency, RMS and peak voltage and current.
The transformer: principles, construction, transformation ratio, regulation, efficiency, current and voltage limits, calibration. Thermioníc currents, diode valve and solid state rectifiers.
The electro-magnetic spectrum. Production and properties of x-rays;
general and characteristic x-rays; distribution of energy in an x-ray spectrum. Absorption and scattering of x-rays and practical factors in- fluencing processes. The diagnostic x-ray tube; principles of operation and construction; line and dual focus tubes, stationary and rotating anode tubes, grid controlled tubes; rating charts and cooling curves for x-ray tubes; causes of x-ray tube failure. Wave-forms of high tension circuits used in diagnostic x-ray equipment. Special features of shock-proof equipment. Auxiliary apparatus for x-ray equipments including timers (hand, valve, synchronous motor, impulse, electronic, photo-electric and ionization types); stabilizers; meters; overload protection; line voltage compensation; tube and filament current boosters; monitor controlled equipment.
Factors determining the quality of radiographic and fluoroscopic images.
X-ray film: structure; sensitivity; characteristic curves. Processing of films;
function of developer and fixer; effect of processing procedures on film quality; manual and automatic processing; processing faults in films.
Storage of films. Darkroom planning and procedures. Intensifying screens including design, construction, speed, and detail; care of intensifying screens and cassettes. Scattered radiation and methods of minimizing the effect of scattered radiation on the radiographic and fluorescent image (including beam defining devices, stationary and moving grids). Physical principles underlying special radiographic procedures and equipment (in- cluding tomography, stereo-radiography, localization of foreign bodies, cineradiography, photofluorography, high kilovoltage radiography, soft tissue radiography, enlargement techniques, bi-plane radiography and film- changers, contrast media, subtraction techniques, scanning techniques).
Physical principles of fluoroscopy; limitation of the eye in conventional fluoroscopy; image intensification and television chains; spot film radio- graphy; mirror cameras used in fluoroscopy.
Nature of radioactivity and radioactive decay; units; half-life (physi- ca1, biological and effective). Nature and properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Positrons and annihilation radiation. Stab a and radio- isotopes; principles of production of radio-isotopes and radio-pharmaceu- ticals (illustrated by materials more commonly used in medical diagno- sis). Principles of use of radio-isotopes in medical diagnosis. Physical principles of methods of detection and measurement of radio-activity.
Ionization chambers; Geiger counters, scintillation and proportional
counters; organ imaging equipment and application of these equipments in medical diagnosis. Quality control of radio-pharmaceuticals.
Radiological protection including the protection of personnel, patients and the public in use of x-rays and radio-isotopes in medical diagnosis including dose limits, working rules, personnel monitoring, design and layout of radiology and nuclear medicine departments, mean bone marrow and genetic doses, disposal of radioactive waste, transport and storage of radioactive Isotopes.
Physical principles of thermography and of ultrasonics.
ВOOКs
'van der Plaats G J fvfediсal д-ray Technique, 3rd ed Philips Technical Library 1969
Jaundrel-Thompson F & Ashworth W J X-ray Physics and Equipment, Blackwell Scientific Publications 1970
Chesney D N & M O Radiographic Photography, Blackwell Scientific Publications 1965
•Wagner Henry N Principles of Nuclear Medicine, Saunders 1968 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Pro-
tection, ICRP Publication 9 Pergamon Press 1966
'Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Pro- tection, ICRP Publication 15 Pergamon Press 1970
'Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Pubn 16, Pergamon 1970
Radiological Hazards to Patients, Second Report of the Committee HMSO 1960
•Revised Radiation Protection Standards for individuals Exposed to Ioniz- ing Radiation, National Health and Medical Research Council 1967 'Dose Equivalents, Maximum Permissible Doses and Dose Limits of
Ionizing Radiation, National Health and Medical Research Council, 1969
'Minimizing of Radiological Hazards to Patients, National Health and Medical Research Council 1966
Notes on Medical Procedure for Radiation Accidents and Radioactive Contamination, National Health and Medical Research Council 1968 (Copies of NH & MRC publications may be obtained free of charge from the Secretary, National Health and Medical Research Council, PO Box
100, Widen, ACT 2606.)
EXAMINATION One 3-hour paper; oral if necessary.
PART 11
The experience required of a candidate presenting for Part Il shall be:
1. A period of twelve months as a resident medical officer in a general hospital with experience equivalent to four months as Resident Medi- cal Officer to each of In-patient Medicine and Surgery.
2. Two years in a full-time appointment in a Diagnostic X-ray Depart- ment of a general hospital forming part of a clinical school recog- nized by the Australasian Universities. In the case of a hospital or department not so recognized, the faculty of Medicine will require from the candidate particular details of his experience, the accept- ance of which will enable him to proceed with the Diploma.
3. A minimum attendance of 20 sessions for Radiology in Paediatrics and of 10 sessions for Radiology in Obstetrics and of 10 sessions for studying radio-isotope organ imaging techniques at Diagnostic 145
Faculty of Medicine
Departments of general or special hospitals forming part of a clinical school recognized by the Australasian Universities.
Work performed in the Diagnostic X-ray Departments referred to in the paragraphs above must be under the direction of qualified Radiologists.
555-822 RADIODIAGNOSIS
The examination may include questions relevant to—
(i) X-ray machines, tubes, accessories; their choice, use and main- tenance. The various exposure factors; their use in controlling ex- posure. Determination of relative speeds and other qualities of films and intensifying screens. Construction and use of exposure charts.
(ii) Radiographic technique in the examination of all parts of the body.
Technique of fluoroscopic examination. Use of contrast media. Loca- tion of foreign bodies.
(iii) Methods of marking films for identification. Dark room equipment and technique. Subsequent photographic processes; prints, lantern slides, etc.
(iv) Principles of protection of patients and personnel against radiation hazards.
(v) Interpretation of films; differential diagnosis; correlation with clini- cal findings. Methods of reporting.
(vi) Organization of an x-ray department; the keeping of records.
(vii) Radio-isotope organ imaging.
Special emphasis will be placed on section (v) of the syllabus.
In addition, candidates will be expected to possess a sound knowledge of the general medical and general surgical aspects of all conditions re- lated to the specialty.
BOOKS Recommended for reference:
Clarke K C Positioning in Radiography, 5th ed Heinemann Brailsford J F Radiology of Bones and Joints, Churchill 1953
Text-book of X-ray Diagnosis by British Authors—Edited by Shanks S C &
Кегlеу P 2nd ed Lewis
Prendergrass E P Schaffer J P & H ades P J Head and Neck in Roent- gen Diagnosis, Charles C Thomas 1957
Caffey J Paediatric X-ray Diagnosis, 4th ed Year Book Publishers Lasser Elliott C Dynamic Factors in Roentgen Diagnosis, Williams &
Wilkins 1967
McLaren J W (ed) Modern Trends in Diagnostic Radiology, 2nd and 3rd series Butterworth
Meschan I An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy, Saunders 1957 Meschan 1 Roentgen Signs in Clinical Practice, Saunders 1966 Simon G Principles of Chest X-ray Diagnosis, Butterworth 1946 Simon G Principles of Bone X-ray Diagnosis, Butterworth 1960 Epstein Bernard S The Spine, Lea & Febiger
Kohler Alban Borderlands of the Normal and Early Pathological in Skele- tal Roentgenology—English translation, Grune & Stгattoп 1956 Hutchinson A C W Dental and Oral X-ray Diagnosis, Livingstone 1954 A knowledge of appropriate matter in current periodicals in the English language will be expected.
EXAMINATION One 3-hour written paper; viva voce examination, and written reports on films, practical examinations in Radiographic and Fluoroscopic techniques.
531-821 PATHOLOGY
The examination will test the candidates' knowledge of Pathology and of general and regional morbid anatomy and histology with special reference to structural and functional variations which may be demonstrated by radiodiagnostic methods. The practical examination will test the can- didates' ability to recognize and interpret specimens illustrating relevant morbid anatomy and histology.
In addition to the standard textbooks, the pathological sections of stand- ard works should be studied. A knowledge of appropriate matter in cur- rent periodicals in the English language will be expected.
BOOKS (a) Recommended for study:
Cappell D F & Anderson J R Muir 's Textbook of Pathology, 9th ed Arnold 1971 (especially Chs 1-14)
or
Robbins S L Pathologic Basis of Disease, Saunders 1974 (especially Chs 1-12, 15, 16)
Walter J B & Israel M S General Pathology 4th ed, Churchill 1974 (b) Recommended for reference:
Anderson W A D Pathology, 6th ed Mosby Co 1971
Payling Wright G & Symmers W St C Systemic Pathology, 2nd ed Churchill Livingstone 1975
Illingworth C F W & Dick B M Text-Book of Surgical Pathology, 10th ed Churchill 1968
Hurley J V Acute Inflammation, Churchill Livingstone 1972
Willis R A Spread of Tumours in the Human Body 3rd ed, Butterworth 1973
Willis R A Pathology of Tumours, 4th ed Butterworth 1968
EXAMINATION One 3-hour written paper; one 3-hour practical test; vive voce examination.