ŠÙM'NARY OF PRINCIPAL DATES-1976
4. YEARS, SUBJECTS AND BOOKS
Note—The books marked with an asterisk are essential texts which students should possess.
FIRST YEAR
610-005. CHEMISTRY (MEDICAL COURSE)
A course of 120 hours of lectures and practical work throughout the year; of these approximately 58 will be devoted to the lecture series A preliminary standard equivalent to the Higher School Certificate examination in Chemistry will be assumed.
SYLLABUS The course will consist of basic physical chemistry and organic chemistry. The topics treated will form a basis for subsequent study in biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology; where possible Illustrative material will be drawn from medical investigations and practice.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Introduction to Thermodynamics: heat, work, first law. Enthalpy changes in chemical reactions. Use of tabulated enthalpy values.
Chemical Equilibrium: ideal law and real behaviour for gaseous equilib- rium—intermolecular forces and thermodynamic activity. Solution equilibria studied via electrochemical cells. Thermodynamic reversibility, maximum work. Gibbs free energy. Ionic activity, measurement of activity coefficients, pH, sodium and potassium ion activity. Standard free energy of formation. Use of tabulated values. Use of different standard states for biochemical reaction.
Phase Equilibrium: liquid-vapour, osmotic equilibria. Molecular weight measurements for biological macromolecules.
Ionic Solutions: Conductance: analytical applications. Conductance and ionic size. Water and water-solute interactions.
Chemical Kinetics: reaction rates and reaction mechanism. Activation energy. Simple enzyme kinetics. Fast reaction techniques.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Bonding, structure and elementary stereochemistry of carbon compounds.
An outline of physical and chemical properties of the major groups of monofunctional compounds in terms of molecular structure and ele- mentary electronic theory. An introduction to the chemistry of carbohy- drates, lipids, proteins and other biologically important macromolecules.
LABORATORY WORK Three hours per week. The experiments will illustrate and extend the physical and organic chemistry lecture courses;
some inorganic chemistry experiments of direct relevance to biological processes will also be included.
The practical classes for this subject are taken in the Chemistry Labora- tory of the Redmond Barry Building. The department supplies all the apparatus.
91
Faculty of Medicine
BOOKS (a) Recommended for preliminary reading:
Stranks D R et al Chemistry: A Structural View, MUP (b) Prescribed textbooks:
Roberts J D Stewart R & Caserio M C Organic Chemistry Methane to Macromolecules, Benjamin 1971.
or
Hart H & Scheutz R D Organic Chemistry 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin or
Snyder, C H Introduction to Modern Organic Chemistry, Harper & Row 1973
Barrow G M Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences, McGraw-Hill 1974
or
Morris J G A Biologist's Physical Chemistry, Arnold liver N H Departmental Publications
Experiments in Physical Chemistry 1976 Experiments in Organic Chemistry 1976 Experiments in Inorganic Chemistry 1976
EXAMINATION Terminal tests may be held during the year. The exam- lnation will consist of a two-hour written paper in physical chemistry and a two-hour written paper in organic chemistry. Organic Chemistry exam- ination will be held late in second term. There is no practical examination but the work of each student is assessed continually throughout the year and the assessment forms a significant proportion of the final examina- tion result.
640-007. PHYSICS (MEDICAL COURSE)
A course of three lectures per week throughout the year with laboratory work. A knowledge of Physics to the standard of the Higher School Cer- tificate examination will be assumed.
SYLLABUS Mechanics: A brief review of kinematics and dynamics.
Newton's laws. The concept of an equation of motion. Differential equations. Exponential growth of populations. Impulse and momentum.
Trauma in accidents. Potential and kinetic energy. Simple harmonic motion. Application to walking. Conditions for equilibrium of rigid bodies.
Elastic behaviour of materials—microscopic and macroscopic viewpoints.
Bending of beams, ultimate strength, fractures. Hydrostatics and hydro- dynamics. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli's equation. Laminar and turbulent flow. Viscosity. Blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, work done by the heart, diving. Thermal Physics: Basic concepts of thermal physics.
Metabolism and energy balance in animals. The body as a heat engine.
Scaling laws for metabolism. Energy flow and local entropy decrease.
Implications for life processes. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.
Electricity and Magnetism: Electric and Magnetic forces. Basic laws of Gauss, Ampere, Faraday and Maxwell. Constitutive laws for conductors (Ohms law) and dielectrics. Potentials, EMF, resistance, D.C. Circuit theory. Biological EMF's, currents, and potentials. Circuit elements—
capacitors, resistors, inductors and transformers. A.C. Circuit theory—
impedance. Electric power supply—household wiring—electrical safety
—electric shock. Electromagnetic waves, properties of their spectrum.
Diathermy. Electronics: The transistor and diode. Transistor amplifier.
Systems analysis—feedback, stable control, noise and oscillation.
Application to biological, thermal, mechanical and electrical systems.
Transducers and measurement technology. Operational amplifiers. Elec- tronic medical instruments. Optics: The wave and ray optics of spherical surfaces. The eye, refractive disorders, resolution, acuity, and colour vision. The microscope, illumination, resolving power, dyes, filters, polarizing filters, UV fluorescence. Phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy.
Wave Motion and Acoustics: Wave propagation, reflection, acoustic impedance, Doppler effect; medical applications of ultrasonics; super- position, interference, stationary waves, vibrating systems, forced vibra- tion and resonance; physiological acoustics: the voice, the ear and hearing. Computers: Types, main components, methods of use; applica- tions in medicine. Atomic and Nuclear Physics: Basic facts on structure of matter (brief mention of quantum ideas); atomic processes: thermal radiation and thermography; lasers and their applications in medicine, X-rays and X-ray diagnosis; nuclear processes: energetics, reactions, radioactivity; interaction of radiation with matter; radiation detectors and nuclear diagnostics; biological effects of radiation.
LABORATORY WORK Periods of 3 hours throughout the year in ac- cordance with notices displayed on departmental notice board.
Attendance at practical classes is compulsory. The practical work of each student is examined continually during each term. Records of his success in experiment and Impressions of his work are kept. This information is taken into account in assessing the results (including the Class List) at the Annual Examination.
BOOKS Prescribed textbooks:
Holwill M E and Silvester N R Introduction to Biological Physics, Wiley Richards J A Sears F W Wehr M R & Zemansky M W Modern University
Physics, Addison Wesley
Recommended for reference:
Benedek G B and Villars F H M Physics with Illustrative Examples from Medicine and Biology, Addison Wesley
Burns D M & MacDonald S G G Physics for Biology and Medical Stu- dents, Addison Wesley
Stacey R W et al Essentials of Biological and Medical Physics, McGraw- Hill
Webster H C & Robertson D F Medical Physics, Watson Ferguson &
Co, South Brisbane
Sears F W & Zemansky M W University Physics Vols. I & II, Addison Wesley
Feynman R P Leighton R B & Sands M The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley
Ackerman E Biophysical Science, Prentice-Hall Rogers J S Physics for Medical Students, 4th ed MUR
Van Bergeijk W A Pierce J R & David E E Waves and the Ear, Heinemann, Science Study Series
Cromer A H Physics fОГ the Life Sc еnces, McGraw-Hill
EXAMINATION Three 1%-hours' written papers for pass and honours combined. The work done in each term is examined at the beginning of the following term.
93
Faculty of Medicine
600
-
004 BIOLOGY (MEDICAL COURSE)A course of three lectures per week with demonstrations and practical work throughout the year.
SYLLABUS
Cell physiology and cytology: An introductory treatment of the funda- mental properties of cells: irritability, selective permeability, respiration, ingestion, synthesis and degradation of metabolically useful substances, excretion, motility. A broad study of cell structure as determined by various techniques as applied to living and dead cells and tissues. A brief functional account of cytological structures involved in synthesis of pro- teins and high energy compounds, storage and transfer of genetic infor- mation, the removal of metabolic wastes, cell ageing and death. This will be followed by a more detailed study of general cytology and the histology and cytology of the epithelia, connective tissues, nervous tis- sue, muscle and the development of bone.
Anatomy: A brief introductory account of human anatomical systems and their physiology will be given. This will be followed by a study of the tissues of the human body and later introductory lectures on the anatomy of the nervous system.
Evolution and Genetics: A general account of evolution including the principal mechanisms responsible for speciation, selection, adaptation, races and species, convergence, modern views on fossil hominids and the emergence of man. Elementary account of the evolution of the biosphere and energy sources. Photosnythesis—the energetic basis of life
—the origin and evolution of the atmosphere.
LABORATORY WORK Practical laboratory and demonstration periods will be taken in conjunction with various sections of the course. Students will be notified at the beginning of the year when these periods will be held. Students must supply themselves with a half set of human bones.
Students should consult the noticeboards throughoutthe year for further information.
BOOKS Preliminary reading
To be read before the commencement of the course James R Understanding Medicine, Penguin 1970 Prescribed textbooks
'de Beer G Homology An Unsolved Problem Oxford Biology Readers No 11, OUP 1971
'Le Gros Clark W E The Tissues of the Human Body 6th ed Clarendon Sutton H E An Introduction to Human Genetics, Holt Rinehart &
Winston 1965
• Guthe K F The Physiology of Cells Current Concepts in Biology Series Macmillan 1968
Prescribed laboratory manual
'Агеу L B Human Histology 1st or subseq. ed
.
Saunders 1957 Recommended for referenceGray's Anatomy Descriptive and Applied 32nd or subsequent ed, Long- man
Jacob S W & Francone C A Structure and Function in Man Saunders 2nd ed 1970
Bloom W and Fawcett D W A Textbook of Histology 9th ed, Saunders 1968
Ham A W Histology 7th ed, Lippincott 1974
Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy 3 vols. 11th or subsequent ed, OUP
Porter K R & Bonneville M A An Introduction to the Fine Structure of Cells and Tissues, Lea & Febiger 1964
EXAMINATIONS Two written examinations will be held at the con- clusion of the course. Sections of the course may be examined during the year. One Practical examination to be held at the conclusion of the course. Practical examinations may be held at the completion of sections of the work.
500-101. MEDICAL STUDIES 1 SIOSТAТISТlCs
A course of 15 one-hour Lectures. Practical work may be given.
SYLLABUS Elementary biostatistics including the normal and binomial distribution, sampling, probability, principles of hypothesis testing. Use and interpretation of tests of signficance.
BOOKS
(a) Prescribed textbook:
Watson R K Statistical Tables for Students, U of M (b) Recommended for reference:
Armitage P Statistical Methods in Medical Research, Blackwell COMMUNITY HEALTH
A course of five lectures.
SYLLABUS The social environment and health, indices of measurement of health needs and change in disease patterns with time. An elementary introduction to demography, the population explosion.
HUMAN GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT
SYLLABUS (a) Post-natal growth and development. A course of lectures during which the following will be discussed. Nature of growth. Physical growth. Measurement. Height. Weight. Body proportions. Percentile charts.
Velocity curves. Growth of different tissues. Cell multiplication and cell hypertrophy. Changes in body composition. Catch up growth. Factors affecting growth—genetic, nutritional, endocrine. Changes at puberty.
Nutritional needs. Calories. Protein. Fat. Carbohydrate. Minerals. Vitamins.
Constituents of various foods. The effect of nutritional deficiency and malnutrition. Undernutrition. Starvation. Obesity. Maturation and develop- ment: emotional growth and intellectual growth—the role of the family:
the effect of deprivation: development of behaviour in childhood.
(b) Embryology. Development of the human embryo to the stage of organ formation. Developmental processes, gene action, role of the nucleus and nucleo-cytoplasmlc relationships, molecular mechanisms, determination and induction, movement and contact of embryonic cells. Placentation.
Development of the heart and blood vessels.
96
Faculty of Medicine
BOOKS Prescribed textbooks:
Sinclair D Human Growth after Birth OUP 1969
McLaren D S Nutrition and its Disorders Churchill Livingstone 1972 Hamilton W J Boyd J D & Mossman H W Human Embryology 4th ed,
Heffer 1972
(b) Recommended for Reference:
Balinsky B 1 An Introduction to Embryology 2nd or subsequent ed, Saunders
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
A course of 44 lectures. Demonstrations and tutorials of one hour per week.
SYLLABUS Introduction, including a brief history of Psychology. Intro- duction to methodological and statistical procedures. Psychological de- velopment of the human being from infancy to old age.
Motivation and Personality: Review of findings on the nature of motivation, both from a comparative (ethological) arid human point of view, extending toe consideration of the nature of human personality.
Cognitive processes: Perception, remembering and forgetting, learning, intelligence, language and thinking.
Social Psychology: This will cover a consideration of the Individual and his social interactions and also discussion of the broad patterns of social and cultural influences in society.
BOOKS Prescribed Textbooks:
Hilgard E R Atkinson R C & Atkinson R L Introduction to Psychology 5th ed, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1971
Lindgren H C An Introduction to Social Psychology, 2nd ed Wiley 1973 Mowbray R M & Rodger T F Psychology in Relation to Medicine 3rd ed,
Livingstone 1970
EXAMINATION Two written papers of three hours duration each. One paper will cover the segments on Biostatistics, Community Health, and Human Growth and Development. The second paper will be devoted exclusively to the segment on Human Behaviour (assessment of practical work, essays or projects completed during the year may also be taken into account in determining grades In this segment).