DEGREES OF M.B., B.S
4. YEARS, SUBJECTS AND BOOKS
Faculty of Medicine
Degrees of M.B., B.S.
BOOKS (a) Recommended for preliminary reading:
Stranks D R et ai Chemistry: A Structural View, MUP (b) Prescribed textbooks:
Roberts J D Stewart R & Caserio M C Organic Chemistry Methane to Macromolecules, Benjamin 1971.
or
HartH and Schuetz R D Organic Chemistry 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin or
Snyder, C H Introduction to Modern Organic Chemistry, Harper & Row 1973
Barrow G M Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences, McGraw-Hill 1974
liver N I Departmental Publications Experiments In Physical Chemistry 1977 Experiments in Organic Chemistry 1977 Experiments in Inorganic Chemistry 1977
EXAMINATION Terminal tests may be held during the year. The exam- ination will consist of a two-hour written paper in physical chemistry and a two-hour written paper in organic chemistry. Organic Chemistry exam- ination will be held late in second term. There is no practical examination but the work of each student is assessed continually throughout the year and the assessment forms a significant proportion of the final examina- tion result.
640Ø7. PHYSICS (MEDICAL COURSE)
A course of three lectures per week throughout the year with laboratory work. A knowledge of Physics to the standard of the Higher School Cer- tificate examination will be assumed.
SYLLABUS Mechanics: A brief review of kinematics and dynamics.
Newton's laws. The concept of an equation of motion. Differential equations. Exponential growth of populations. Impulse and momentum.
Trauma in accidents. Potential and kinetic energy. Simple harmonic motion. Application to walking. Conditions for equilibrium of rigid bodies.
Elastic behaviour of materials—microscopic and macroscopic viewpoints.
Bending of beams, ultimate strength, fractures. Hydrostatics and hydro- dynamics. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli's equation. Laminar and turbulent flow. Viscosity. Blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, work done by the heart, diving. Thermal Physics: Basic concepts of thermal physics.
Metabolism and energy balance in animals. The body as a heat engine.
Scaling laws for metabolism. Energy flow and local entropy decrease.
Implications for life processes. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.
Electricity and Magnetism: Electric and Magnetic forces. Basic laws of Gauss, Ampere, Faraday and Maxwell. Constitutive laws for conductors (Ohms law) and dielectrics. Potentials, EMF, resistance, D.C. Circuit theory. Biological EMF's, currents, and potentials. Circuit elements—
capacitors, resistors, inductors and transformers. A.C. Circuit theory—
impedance. Electric power supply—household wiring—electrical safety
—electric shock. Electromagnetic waves, properties of their spectrum.
Diathermy. Electronics: The transistor and diode. Transistor amplifier.
Systems analysis—feedback, stable control, noise and oscillation.
Application to biological, thermal, mechanical and electrical systems.
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Faculty of Medicine
Transducers and measurement technology. Operational amplifiers. Elec- tronic medical instruments. Optics: The wave and ray optics of spherical surfaces. The eye, refractive disorders, resolution, acuity, and colour vision. The microscope, illumination, resolving power, dyes, filters, polarizing filters, UV fluorescence. Phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy.
Wave Motion and Acoustics: Wave propagation, reflection, acoustic impedance. Doppler effect; medical applications of ultrasonics; super- position, interference, stationary waves, vibrating systems, forced vibra- tion and resonance; physiological acoustics: the voice, the ear and hearing. Computers: Types, main components, methods of use; applica- tions in medicine. Atomic and Nuclear Physics: Basic facts on structure of matter (brief mention of quantum ideas); atomic processes: thermal radiation and thermography; lasers and their applications in medicine, X-rays and X-ray diagnosis; nuclear processes: energetics, reactions, radioactivity; interaction of radiation with matter; radiation detectors and nuclear diagnostics; biological effects of radiation.
LABORATORY WORK Periods of 3 hours throughout the year in ac- cordance with notices displayed on departmental notice board.
Attendance at practical classes is compulsory. The practical work of each student is examined continually during each term. Records of his success in experiment and impressions of his work are kept. This information is taken into account in assessing the results (including the Class List) at the Annual Examination.
BOOKS Recommended for reference:
Holwill M E and Silvester N R Introduction to Biological Physics, Wiley Richards J A Sears F W Wehr M R & Zemansky M W Modern University
Physics, Addison Wesley
Benedek G B and Villars F H M Physics with Illustrative Examples from Medicine and Biology Vols I-III, Addison Wesley
MacDonald S G G & Burns D M Physics for the Life and Health Sciences Addison Wesley
Sears F W Zemansky M W et a1 University Physics, Addison Wesley Feynman R P Leighton R B & Sands M The Feynman Lectures on
Physics Vol 1, Addison-Wesley
Ackerman E Biophysical Science, Prentice-Hall Cromer A H Physics for the Life Sciences, McGraw-Hill
EXAMINATION Three 1%-hours' written papers for pass and honours combined. The work done in each term is examined at the beginning of the following term.
600-004 BIOLOGY (MEDICAL COURSE)
A course of three lectures per week with demonstrations and practical work throughout the year.
SYLLABUS
Cell physiology and cytology: An introductory treatment of the funda- mental properties of cells: irritability, selective permeability, respiration, 100
Degrees of M.B., B.S.
ingestion, synthesis and degradation of metabolically useful substances, excretion, motility. A broad study of cell structure as determined by various techniques as applied to living and dead cells and tissues. A brief functional account of cytological structures involved in synthesis of pro- teins and high energy compounds, storage and transfer of genetic infor- mation, the removal of metabolic wastes, cell ageing and death. This will be followed by a more detailed study of general cytology and the histology and cytology of the epithelia, connective tissues, nervous tis- sue, muscle and the development of bone.
Anatomy: A brief introductory account of human anatomical systems and their physiology will be given. This will be followed by a study of the tissues of the human body and later introductory lectures on the anatomy of the nervous system.
Evolution and Genetics: A general account of evolution including the principal mechanisms responsible for speciation, selection, adaptation, races and species, convergence, modern views on fossil hominids and the emergence of man. Elementary account of the evolution of the biosphere and energy sources. Photosnythesis—the energetic basis of life
—the origin and evolution of the atmosphere.
LABORATORY WORK Practical laboratory and demonstration periods will be taken in conjunction with various sections of the course. Students will be notified at the beginning of the year when these periods will be held. Students must supply themselves with a half set of human bones.
Students should consult the noticeboards throughout the year for further information.
BOOKS Preliminary reading:
To be read before the commencement of the course James R Understanding Medicine, Penguin 1970 Prescribed textbooks
•de Beer G Homology An Unsolved Problem Oxford Biology Readers No 11, OUP 1971
•Le Gros Clark W E The Tissues of the Human Body 6th ed Clarendon
•Guthe K F The Physiology of Cells Current Concepts in Biology Series Macmillan 1968
Thompson J S and Thompson M W Genetics in Medicine 2nd ed, Saunders 1973
Prescribed laboratory manual
• Arey L B Human Histology 1st or subseq. ed, Saunders 1957 Recommended for reference
Grays Anatomy Descriptive and Applied 32nd or subsequent ed, Long- man
Jacob S W & Francone C A Structure and Function in Man Saunders 2nd ed 1970
Bloom W and Fawcett D W A Textbook of Histology 10th ed, Saunders 1975
Ham A W Histology 7th ed, Lippincott 1974
Junqueira L C Carneiro J and Contopoulos A Basic Histology, Lange 1975
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Faculty of Medicine
Bergman R A and Afifi A K Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy, Saunders 1974
Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy 3 vols. 11th or subsequent ed, OUP
Porter K R & Bonneville M A An Introduction to the Fine Structure of Cells and Tissues, Lea & Febiger 1964
EXAMINATIONS Two written examinations will be held at the con- clusion of the course. Sections of the course may be examined during the year. One Practical examination to be held at the conclusion of the course. Practical examinations may be held at the completion of sections of the work.
500-101. MEDICAL STUDIES 1 BIOSTATISTICS
A course of 15 one-hour Lectures. Practical work may be given.
SYLLABUS Elementary biostatistics including the normal and binomial distribution, sampling, probability, principles of hypothesis testing. Use and interpretation of tests of signficance.
BOOKS
(a) Prescribed textbook:
Kaye G W C and Laby T H 4—Figure Mathematical Tables Longman (b) Recommended for reference:
Armitage P Statistical Methods in Medical Research, Blackwell COMMUNITY HEALTH
A course of five lectures.
SYLLABUS The social environment and health, indices of measurement of health needs and change in disease patterns with time. An elementary introduction to demography, the population explosion.
HUMAN GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT
SYLLABUS (a) Post-natal growth and development. A course of lectures during which the following will be discussed. Nature of growth. Physical growth. Measurement. Height. Weight. Body proportions. Percentile charts.
Velocity curves. Growth of different tissues. Cell multiplication and cell hypertrophy. Changes in body composition. Catch up growth. Factors affecting growth—genetic, nutritional, endocrine. Changes at puberty.
Nutritional needs. Calories. Protein. Fat. Carbohydrate. Minerals. Vitamins.
Constituents of various foods. The effect of nutritional deficiency and malnutrition. Undernutrition. Starvation. Obesity. Maturation and develop- ment: emotional growth and intellectual growth—the role of the family:
the effect of deprivation: development of behaviour in childhood.
(b) Embryology. Development of the human embryo to the stage of organ formation. Developmental processes, gene action, role of the nucleus and nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships, molecular mechanisms, determination and induction, movement and contact of embryonic cells. Placentation.
Development of the heart and blood vessels.
BOOKS Prescribed textbooks:
Sinclair D Human Growth after Birth OUP 1969 102
Degrees of M.B., B.S.
McLaren D S Nutrition and its Disorders Churchill Livingstone 1972 Hamilton W J Boyd J D & Mossman H W Human Embryology 4th ed,
Heller 1972
(b) Recommended for Reference:
Balinsky B I An Introduction to Embryology 2nd or subsequent ed, Saunders
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
A course of 44 lectures. Demonstrations and tutorials of one hour per week.
SYLLABUS Introduction, including a brief history of Psychology. Intro- duction to methodological and statistical procedures. Psychological de- velopment of the human being from infancy to old age.
Motivation and Personality: Review of findings on the nature of motivation, both from a comparative (ethological) and human point of view, extending to a consideration of the nature of human personality.
Cognitive processes: Perception, remembering and forgetting, learning, intelligence, language and thinking.
Social Psychology: This will cover a consideration of the individual and his social interactions and also discussion of the broad patterns of social and cultural influences in society.
BOOKS Prescribed Textbooks:
Hilgard E R Atkinson R C & Atkinson R L Introduction to Psychology 6th ed, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1975
Lindgren H C An Introduction to Social Psychology, 2nd ed Wiley 1973 Mowbray R M & Rodger T F Psychology in Relation to Medicine 3rd ed,
Livingstone 1970
EXAMINATION Two written papers of three hours duration each. One paper will cover the segments on Biostatistics, Community Health, and Human Growth and Development. The second paper will be devoted exclusively to the segment on Human Behaviour (assessment of practical work, essays or projects completed during the year may also be taken Into account in determining grades in this segment).
SECOND YEAR
516-021 ANATOMY INCLUDING HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
ANATOMY
A course of lectures, demonstrations aid practical work during which the structure and organization of systems of the human body are studied.
PRACTICAL WORK: The human body (with the exception of the central nervous system) is dissected and students are required to study prepared dissections in the Museum. Demonstrations are given on previously pre- pared material and on radiographs. All students should report to the Anatomy Department during the week of February 7-11, 1977. They will then be allotted to groups for dissection and for demonstrations. Stu- dents who do not report will be allotted to groups regardless of personal
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Faculty of Medicine
choice. Students absent from Melbourne during this week should write to the laboratory manager in the Anatomy department informing him of their intended partners before February 11.
HISTOLOGY and EMBRYOLOGY
The course will extend the histological and embryological work of first year. It will consist of lectures, demonstrations and practical work on the structure and development of the cells, tissues, organs and systems of the human body.
ATTENDANCE While attendance at lectures is not compulsory, students are required to attend practical classes and demonstrations.
REQUIREMENTS Students must provide themselves with a set of dissect- ing instruments and a half set of bones. Students are supplied with slides and a microscope by the department, or may provide their own micro- scope. Microscopes supplied by the department ere for use within the department only.
Students are required to wear white coats in the Dissecting Room.
BOOKS (a) Prescribed textbooks:
Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy 3 vols 13th ed, OUP Cunningham Textbook of Anatomy 10th or subsequent ed, OUP
Hamilton W J Boyd J D & Mossman H W Human Embryology, Mac- Millan 1975
Aгеy L B Human Histology 1st or subsequent ed, Saunders (b) Recommended for Reference:
Gray ś Anatomy Descriptive and Applied 32nd or subsequent ed, Longmans Lockhart R D Hamilton G F & Fyfe F W Anatomy of the Human Body,
Faber 1965
Hamilton W J Simon G & Hamilton S G Surface and Radiological Anatomy MacMillan 1975
Patten B M Human Embryology 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill
Агеу L B Developmental Anatomy 6th or subsequent ed, Saunders Porter & Bonneville Fine Structure of cells and Tissues 3rd or subse-
quent ed, Lea & Fabiger
Ham A W Histology 7th ed, Lippincott 1974
Bloom W & Fawcett H D Textbook of Histology 10th ed, Saunders 1975 Junqueira L C Carniero J & Contopoulos A Basic Histology, Lange, 1975 Bergman & Afifi Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy, Saunders, 1974
Greep R 0 & Weiss L Histology 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill 1973 EXAMINATION At the end of the Second Year:
Anatomy (pass only) One 3-hour written paper, oral examination.
Histology and Embryology (pass only). One 3-hour written paper, oral examination.
Candidates are advised that Honours will be awarded at the examin- ations for 516-031 and will be based on the candidate's performance at the examinations at the end of the second year and at the end of the first term of the third year.
536-021. PHYSIOLOGY
SYLLABUS (a) Cellular physiology, the study of the characteristics of the cells of animal tissues, including properties unique to special cell 104
types such as neurons and muscle fibres, and (b) Systemic mammalian physiology, the study of the activities of tissues and organs subserving the various co-ordinated body functions, such as those constituting the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and gastro-intestinal systems. Detailed study of the regulatory systems—the nervous and endocrine systems—.
Is delayed until the third year of the new curriculum.
LECTURES Two lectures per week throughout second year. Details of lectures are posted in the Department.
SEMINARS, WORK SESSIONS, DEMONSTRATIONS Held throughout second year. Details of these, of combined teaching sessions by the Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, and of tutorials in clinical physiology held in the Teaching Hospitals, will be posted in the depart- ment.
LABORATORY CLASSES The student class is divided Into two groups.
One group attends Physiology when the other attends Biochemistry. The groups alternate on a weekly basis, according to the schedule posted in the Department. Students will require surgical instruments for laboratory work (details on Departmental noticeboard), a white coat, a loose-leaf laboratory notebook (A4 paper) and a roll of recording paper obtainable from the Department of Physiology, Room No. N212. A laboratory manual will be issued by the Department.
Enrolment for Laboratory Classes:
Students work in pairs and may arrange a partner for laboratory work.
All students should report to the Russell Grlmwade School of Biochemis- try during the week of February 7-11, 1977. They will then be allotted a group for both Physiology and Biochemistry laboratory work; those who do not report to the Biochemistry Department will be alloted partners.
Students who do not report personally during this week may inform the Biochemistry Department in writing of their intended partners before the end of that week. No further enrolment is required in the Physiology Department.
ATTENDANCE See Regulation 3.35 in Chapter 7, of this Handbook.
STUDENT ASSESSMENT To be based on (a) a mid-year examination (1 1/z hours) and an end of year examination (3 hours), (b) an essay assignment completed during second term, and (c) assignments related to lecture and laboratory classes. These latter assignments will be assessed by departmental staff throughout the year. The relative loading of the different factors used for assessing the student's understanding of Physiology will be outlined at the beginning of the year and indicated in the laboratory manual.
BOOKS (a) Recommended for preliminary reading:
Vander A J Sherman J H& Luciano D S Human Physiology—Mech- anisms of Body Function, McGraw-Hill 1970.
(b) General references and monographs:
Best Taylor and Brobeck J R Physiological Basis of Medical Practice 9th ed, Williams & Wilkins 1973
Ruch T C & Patton H D Physiology and Biophysics 20th ed, Saunders 1974
Mountcastle V B ed Medical Physiology 13th ed, Mosby St Louis 1973