GREENHOUSE PROGRAMMES &
OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Wayne Hickey
Jabiru Management Consultancy
GREENHOUSE & IPCC
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that human action (greenhouse gas emissions) is contributing to global warming and climate change.
Many of the activities that fuel the world’s economic growth emit a range of greenhouse gases; eg:
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)….. from the burning of fossil fuels, and deforestation
• Methane (CH4)….from agriculture, landfills, coal mines, water treatment plants and natural gas fields
• Nitrous Oxide (N2O)……… from agriculture and industrial processes
• Fluorinated gases (HFC’s, PFC’s & SF6 )……from industrial processes
GREENHOUSE - Kyoto
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and three groups of fluorinated gases (sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs) are the major greenhouse gases and the subject of the Kyoto Protocol, which entered into force in 2005.
CFCs, although greenhouse gases, are regulated by the Montreal Protocol, which was motivated by CFCs' contribution to ozone
depletion rather than by their contribution to global warming. Note that ozone depletion has only a minor role in greenhouse warming though the two processes often are confused in the popular media.
The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases.
These growing emissions are predicted to result in further global warming and climate change with adverse economic, social and environmental consequences.
GREENHOUSE - Impact
CSIRO climate change projections for Queensland include:
• Temperature increases of up to 2ºC by 2030, and up to 6ºC deg by 2070, with the greatest warming in inland areas;
• More hot days and fewer cold nights – twice as many days over 35 deg by 2030;
• A 15% decline in average rainfall over most of Queensland;
• 20- 40% reduction in agricultural productivity by 2030;
• Up to 25% increase in high fire risk days by 2020, and up to 75%
increase by 2050;
• More intense extreme weather events, and increased risk of flash flooding;
• Increase in cyclone intensity, with maximum wind speeds up by 15-20% by 2050, and associated rainfall up 20-30%;
• Rise in average sea levels of 8-88 cms by 2100;
• Increased risk of storm surges along Qld’s coast, with the
historical 1-in-100 yr storm surge becoming a 1-in-50 yr event by 2050.
GREENHOUSE Challenge +
GREENHOUSE Challenge +
GREENHOUSE Calculator
GREENHOUSE - Verification
Issues:
1. Wrong Emission Factors from AGO Factors & Methods Workbook.
2. Calculation & Transcription Errors from Invoices & Records.
3. Incorrect Data – time periods (wrong year) or equipment.
4. Equipment numbers not matching.
5. No Ability to Validate – need invoices.
GREENHOUSE - Summary
The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective
emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990 (but note that, compared to the emissions levels that would be expected by 2010 without the
Protocol, this limitation represents a 29% cut).
The goal is to lower overall emissions of six greenhouse
gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur
hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons
- averaged over the period of 2008-2012.
GREENHOUSE Trading
Several non-Kyoto carbon markets exist including the New South
Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and Western Climate Initiative in the United States, the Chicago Climate Exchange, the State of California’s recent initiative to reduce emissions.
Trading :
New South Wales commenced the mandatory NSW Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme (GGAS) on 1st January 2003. Uniquely this
scheme allows Accredited Certificate Providers (ACP) to trade emissions from householders in the state.
Following the example of NSW, the National Emissions Trading Scheme (NETS) has been established as an initiative of State and
Territory Governments of Australia. The focus of NETS is to bring into existence an intra-Australian carbon trading scheme and to coordinate policy developments to this end.
National Greenhouse & Energy Reporting Act 2007
• Mandatory for Corporations to Report
Annually on GHG Emissions as at 1 st July 2008.
• Voluntary Reporting on Reduction or Removal Projects.
• National Greenhouse & Energy Reporting
System –Trading Scheme
Current work on the NGER System
Developing regulations and legislative instruments
National Greenhouse
and Energy Reporting Act
2007
Emissions and Energy Methodologies Legislative Instrument
External Audit Legislative Instrument
National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting
Regulations Parent
legislation
Subordinate legislation (to be made in 2008)
Relevant consultationpapers
Technical Guidelines
Submissions close 13 Feb 2008
*
Policy Paper
(
submissions close 27 Feb 2008
Discussion Paper
October 2007
* The Technical Guidelines discuss the energy types and data requirements
to be included in regulations .
National Greenhouse & Energy Reporting Act 2007
Thresholds at corporation level are to be phased in progressively during the first three years of the reporting system, beginning 1 July 2008.
If in a year, facilities under a corporate group emit greenhouse
gases, produce energy, or consume energy, at or above the following levels (or pro rata for part of a year):
(a) 125 kilotonnes carbon-dioxide equivalent (kt CO2-e), or 500 terajoules (TJ) of energy, for the 2008-09 financial year;
(b) 87.5 kt CO2-e or 350 TJ of energy for the 2009-10 financial year;
(c) 50 kt CO2-e or 200 TJ of energy for the 2010-11 financial year.
At the facility level, the threshold of 25 kt CO2-e or 100 TJ of energy per financial year will apply.
Reporting Obligations – Facilities
Subsidiary Corporation 1
(125kt CO2-e)
Controlling Corporation (171kt CO2-e)
GEDO
Subsidiary Corporation 2
(30kt CO2-e)
Subsidiary Corporation 3
(16kt CO2-e) Subsidiary 1
Subsidiary 2 Subsidiary 3
Facility 1 (22kt)
Facility 2
Facility 3 (23kt)
REPORT
Facility 2 (80kt)
Facilities 1 & 3 aggregated (45kt)
NGER Act thresholds
Reporting will be mandatory for corporations that exceed thresholds
J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O
87.5 kt 350 TJ
50 kt 200 TJ 125 kt
500 TJ
1st REPORTING YEAR 2nd REPORTING YEAR 3rd REPORTING YEAR 4th …
Register by 31 Aug
Report by 31 Oct
D N
Publication by 28 Feb Publication by 28 Feb
Register by 31 Aug Register by 31 Aug
Report by 31 Oct Report by 31 Oct
2008 - 09 2009 - 10 2010 - 11 2011 -
CORPORATIONS
25 kt 100 TJ
FACILITIES
J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O
87.5 kt 350 TJ 87.5 kt 350 TJ
50 kt 200 TJ 125 kt
500 TJ 125 kt 500 TJ
1st REPORTING YEAR 2nd REPORTING YEAR 3rd REPORTING YEAR 4th …
Register by 31 Aug Register by 31 Aug
Report by 31 Oct Report by 31 Oct
D N
Publication by 28 Feb Publication by 28 Feb Register by 31 Aug
Register by 31 Aug Register by 31 Aug
Report by 31 Oct
Report by 31 Oct Report by 31 Oct
2008 - 09 2009 - 10 2010 - 11 2011 -
CORPORATIONS
25 kt 100 TJ
25 kt 100 TJ
FACILITIES
Corporations will be able to register from 1 July 2008
National Greenhouse & Energy Reporting Act 2007
Policy Paper publicly available for comment
www.climatechange.gov.au/reporting
Submissions due by 27 February 2008
Please email to
[email protected]
Questions -
Jabiru Management Consultancy Phone : 07 3325 2481
Facsimile : 07 3325 2461
