Beet - Charles Price, Eubanks Carsner 263 Size of seed ball in relation to yield of sugar beet -. Marketing Sugar Beet Seed—Betty Ransom Atwaier 281 Standard Methods for Laboratory Germination of Sugar.
GENERAL SESSIONS
President's Report
The salt that accumulates in the soil solution in the root zone is mainly introduced by irrigation water. We will only deal with the effects of crop rotation on soil productivity.
GENERAL AGRONOMY
Comparison of the Effects of Manures and Commercial Fertilizers on the Yield of
Sugar Beets 1
The fertilizer applied in 1942 was applied in amounts for each constituent equal to the soluble portion of the constituent in the fresh m a n u r applications. T r e a t m e n t 2 was added to the experiment as an additional control to determine the possible effects of s u l p h u r i n the a m m o n i u m sulfate used as nitrogen carrier.
Restoring Fertility to Land Where Levelling Operations Have Removed All the Top
Soil and Left Raw Subsoil Exposed
The quality of the grain as indicated by the test weight also shows an improvement for the application of m a n u r e and fertiliser. There were slight and non-significant differences between the total phosphorus and total nitrogen of the fertilized m a t u r e grain compared to the unfertilized grain.
Liquid Phosphoric Acid as a Fertilizer
As the highly diluted phosphoric acid flows into the soil, it is fixed by the bases present. The best results are probably when using phosphoric acid on vegetables and alfalfa.
Side-Dressing Sugar Beets with Nitrogen in Western Montana
With this a r a n g e m e n t it was possible to use six openers and fertilize each center in the six-row p l a n t i n g s . A very substantial increase in the use of nitrogen will be made in fertilizing the beet crop in western Montana in 1946.
Response to Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertil- izers in the Intermountain Area
In eight of the tests it was more profitable to add 400 pounds of ammonium sulfate per acre t h an to 200 p o u n d s of the same fertilizer. Of the combinations tried, 400 pounds of ammonium sulfate and 200 pounds of treble superphosphate per acre the most profitable.
Influence of Crop-Sequence and Fertilizers Upon the Sugar Beet Crop
G. LILL 1
The sugar beet crop itself changes in all its properties under the influence of the crop sequence factor. Statistical analysis of the d a t a did not show that fer-.
Yield, Percentage of Sucrose, and Coeffi- cients of Apparent Purity of Sugar Beets as
No manure or fertilizer added
821 the first digit gives the duration of the rotation in years, the second gives the year of beet in the cycle. The relatively high percentage of sucrose in beets grown in Alberta has been evident since the inception of the industry in this area. Percent Sucrose as Affected by Phosphorus.-Minimum significant differences between rotations were not calculated due to the limitations of the experimental design mentioned above.
Sugar Beets in Seven Michigan Systems of Crop Rotation 1
The results presented in table 3 show that maize yields were very significantly influenced by the legumes in the rotation. It is interesting to note that 1 year alfalfa in the rotation (rotation 4) was so good. Wheat yields were increased by plowing sweet clover-green manure into the rotation.
Plant Analysis as a Guide in the Fertilization of Sugar Beets 1
Preliminary studies in our laboratories (2) and Brown's (1) have shown that the petiole of the youngest leaf of "mature" satisfactorily reflects the nitrogen and phosphorus status of the sugar beet. Recent studies have also shown that the same part of the plant can be used to assess potassium status in sugar beet. However, a review of the phosphorus and potassium analyzes of this field indicates that it was beet.
Sugar Beet Petiole Tests as a Measure Of Soil Fertility
Below are given the results of the average petiole tests on three samplings during June, July and August, compared to beet yields. In 1941, periodic petiole tests were conducted on 66 commercial beet fields in the Colorado and Nebraska area of the Great Western Sugar Company. Many reports of successful application of petiole tests can be found in the literature.
Effect of Delayed Lifting After Topping on Certain Chemical Constituents of
Sugar Beets
On July 4, all the sugar beet in the experimental area was sown, and the crowns and leaves were raked from the top of the bed into the furrow. Reducing sugars were determined on an aliquot, usually 50 ml, of unleaded filtrate according to the Munson-Wa l k e r3 method. There was a significant increase in the percentage of dry time from the first to the ninth day of the exposure period v.
Emergence and Rate of Emergence of Sugar Beet Seed as Influenced by Seed Prepara-
The time required for the emergence of the white pellets was g r e a t e r t h a n for unpelleted seeds, and the differences increased at the lower soil moistures. It was found that cut sugar beet seeds emerged faster and showed a higher percentage of potential emergence than whole seeds at low soil moisture. At high soil moisture there were only small differences in emergence rates between whole, cut and segmented beet seeds.
A Method of Reducing Storage Loss In Siloed Beet Pulp
Total nutrients lost from the untreated pressed beet pulp was aS.54 percent compared with a loss of 38.78 percent when treated with molasses at a rate of 21/2 percent by weight, a loss of 23.15 percent when it was treated with molasses at the dose of 5 percent, and 28.37 percent for a molasses treatment of 7 1/2 p e r c e n t ; the loss from the acid treatment was 23.38 percent. These tests indicate that mixing pressed beet pulp with cane molasses at a rate of 5 percent molasses, by weight, or mixing pressed pulp with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in amounts to give a pH of 3.15 , resulted in reducing the loss of dry matter in nutrients by more than half for a storage period of more than 200 days. Recovery of solids and nutrients from molasses-treated, acid-treated and plain pressed beet pulp held in storage bins.
Agronomic Studies Related to Mechanization of Sugar Beet Culture
A difficulty encountered with the " f u r o w " t y p e of p l a n t i n g was the closure of the seed furrow behind the o p e n e r disc furrow; this open furrow allowed d r y i n g out of the soil moisture immediately adjacent to the seed, consequently reducing seedling emergence. In another trial, cross-clogging using cultivator tools r u n i n g perpendicular to the direction of the rows was compared with conventional thinning and hand thinning with a long-handled hoe only. It may be noted here that in each case thinning by means of a long-handled hoe resulted in only very moderate reductions in hectare yield in one year from the three sites.
Effect of Temperature Upon the Growth Rate of Sugar Beets
Shown here are weekly increases in the circumference of the roots translated into tonnes per acre and weekly averages of soil temperature at 8-inch depth. Eight-inch average soil temperature was found to show a higher correlation with growth than any of the other factors. The average seasonal temperature of the earth was about 1 degree lower than that of the air.
The Effect of Climate on Sugar Beet Yields In Western Montana
The figure of 11.00 tonnes per hectare was obtained using the average t e m p e r a t u r e for the past 9 month period. About 1/3 of the area was treated with nitrogen fertilizer, which we expected to increase yields by 1 1/2 tons per hectare or 1/2 tons per hectare for the entire area.). The October 1 beet yield estimate based on the mean annual temperature for 1944 was .25 tons less than the actual yield.
Four Years' Results of Pre-Harvest Sampling in Estimating Yield and Sugar Percentage
The increase in accuracy due to stratification for the 1941 results is somewhat greater than for 1942 or 1943. This is in contrast to the results obtained in 1941, when the harvest results for the farms sampled were nearly equal to the factory averages (Table 6. For the percentage of sugar ( table 5) tare sample averages for the sampled farms doubled the factory average in 3 years out of 4 for the average of all factories in Colorado and Nebraska and differed by 0.1 percent in the fourth year.
Comparison of Yields From Two-Beet Hills Originating From One and Two Seeds
As a result of the lower acre population, beet hills were much lower in yield per acre. It was expected that much i n t e r t w i n i n g would occur, especially in the two-beet mounds derived from a single seed. In all two beet hills in classes 2, 3, and 4 in both strips there were only five beet that were not marketable.
Beet Population Studies
Under these conditions, three beet mounds spaced 20 by 18 inches produced a yield of sugar per acre significantly lower than the 20 by 8 inch spacing of single beets. Since spacing and varieties, and fertilizers and varieties, also gave significant F-values, it is a p p a r e n in this test that both varieties and fertilizers were in the production of sugar per acre from the different spacings. Evidence was obtained from tests carried out in two widely separated areas that the yield of sugar per acre could be increased by t h i n n i n g to higher acre populations of beet.
A Six-Row Experimental Plot Planter
The seed envelopes for each operator were sorted into boxes in the appropriate order according to the plots for one complete round of the planter, pausing momentarily between each plot while the operator picked up the next envelope and emptied the seed into his hand . The planter is transported from field to field on a low trailer, and this trailer is a desirable workbench for loading seed into boxes by someone with a field plan in front of them. The advantages of the six-row trial planter and the present planting method over the types of equipment and methods used previously are numerous.
Yields From Sugar Beets With Doubles 20 Inches Apart Versus Singles 10 Inches Apart 1
For both varieties, a slight difference in both yield and s u g a r percentage was obtained in favor of the plots with beets distributed in singles 10 inches per distributed 10 inches per p a r t with variety SL 34. In the plots with double thinned 20 inches a p a r there was more v a r i a t in the size of individual beets, but practically all were large enough to be sold. The data indicate a small and possibly significant increase in yield with single beets spaced 10 inches per row. t. compared to twin rowers spaced 20 in. per
A Wide- and Narrow-Row Test with Sugar Beets in Southern Idaho
The yield of beet was an average of 3.55 tonnes per year. acre g r e a t e r from the 22-inch rows, a statistically significant difference. The mean percentage of sucrose and the percentage of purity were both greater in the 22-inch rows, but under the conditions of the test, the differences were not statistically significant. Rows wider than 22 inches may be desirable from the standpoint of some mechanical harvesters, but results presented in this section indicate that a serious loss occurred when using 44-inch rows.
Wide Row Plantings of Sugar Beets In California, 1945
Practically all the harvesting on this wide row area (except for 20-inch by 40-inch combination) was done with Marbeet single-row harvesters, all using a n y manual labor for o p e n i n g on field. It is also going to be easier to fit a satisfactory beet tap recovery system with a wide row. The actual wide row spacing chosen should be determined by available farm equipment, irrigation practices and the mechanical cropping program to be used.
Effects of Variation in Spacing on Sugar Beet Yields in California
The Effect of Single and Double Plants on Sugar Beet Yields
However, when the number of thinned hills was kept at 100 per hour, the number of beets in the thinning stand increased with the increase of the double percentage, the number of marketable beets increased steadily, but the number of beets did not tradable. also increased. These data show that when the number of t h i n beets is k e p t at 100 per foot hour, the yield does not decrease with increased percentages of doubles until the percentage of doubles exceeds 50 or 60 percent. Yield trends with increased doubling percentages are even better shown by the curves in F i g u r e 1 t h a n from the t a b u l a t e d data.
Population and Distribution Studies With Sugar Beets
However, the reduction becomes increasingly larger as the population per hectare decreases or as the space allocation for beet increases. We have seen that p a t e r n distribution had a marked effect on beet yield per acre and population or space distribution, and p a t e r n distribution had a m a r k e d effect on sucrose percentage. Under the conditions of this experiment, maximum yields of s u g a r per acre were produced with 12-inch in-row spacing.
Summary of Date-of-Planting Experiments With Sugar Beets in Nebraska and
Trials on the effects of different sugar beet planting dates were begun in Torrington, Wyo., at the Goshen County Experiment Farm in 1938 and have continued each year until 1945. These tests indicate that there is no significant difference in the average sugar beet yield. sugar beets were obtained from plantings made in March, compared to plantings made until April 10. Differences from 2 to 4 tons of beets per hectare, taking into account the consistency of its repetition, taking into account the recommendation of previous plans are practiced in the districts of T o r i n g t o n and Scottsbluff.
GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED, AND VARIETIES
A Comparison of Selected and Random Advanced Generations of Hybrid Beet
Strain 520 1
However, random fifth and sixth generation hybrid 520s were found to be probably more generally and severely affected than any other variety in the test. Only one of the more advanced generations differed significantly from all others in the percentage of sucrose. One or more hybrid cultivars and commercial sugar beet cultivars as checks were included in 21 different tests.
Bolting Performance of Sugar Beet Breeding Stocks
