The Thirty-ninth Annual Congress of the Association of Sugar Technologists of South Africa was held in S.A. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists''-March 1965 13. and Co-operative Bark & Sugar Company.
WHERE SHOULD THE DOWNTAKE BE?
- Good Circulation
- Low Hydrostatic Head
- Absence of "Dead" Zones
- Calandria Volume
- Sufficient Heating Surface
- Efficient Scavenging of Incondensable Gases from the Steam Space
34;In the upper layer of the mass spawn there must be a horizontal flow to the discharge. It does help by improving mixing, and in the absence of short-circuiting the zone where vapor.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STAGE EFFICIENCY IN A CANE MILLING TANDEM
The number of ideal stages can be determined using the Ponchon-Savarit method. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association— March 1965 41 to obtain a good extraction unless intermediate.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF GUMS
Lead acetate in excess of the amount required for normal raw sugar polarization causes a drop in the pol of the gum, probably due to precipitation. Determination of sucrose in the impure products of the cane sugar manufacturing process by the action of borax salts.
VARIATION OF FILTERABILITY WITH BRIX
The percentage error of the first washed sugar accounts for only a 3.4% difference in filterability. Since the filterability numerical expression should only serve as a guide to the filtration properties of the sugar solution, it is believed that little precision will be lost in determining the filterability of refinery liquids (especially carbonated liquids) by comparing liquid flow rates. with sucrose at natural brix.
SOME NOTES ON FILTERABILITY TESTS ON A, B AND C RAW SUGARS AT SEZELA: 1964/65
The carbonation process appears to have removed 50 percent of the starch, which is accompanied by a similar reduction in gum tissue. Dick: Is there a relationship between the amount of gum and the filterability of the juice and the corresponding figures for the raw sugar.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN FACTORY AND LABORATORY BOILED RAW SUGARS
Unfortunately, the specific grain size of lab-cooked sugars tended to be smaller than that. Non-sugar analyzes again show a marked increase in the purity of the laboratory-cooked compared to the factory-cooked sugars.
USES FOR EXCESS AND NON QUOTA SUGAR
Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists'1 Association— March 1965 71 cation for this product manufactured under the Republic of South Africa. As with invert molasses, the production of D.C.J is essentially a simpler process than raw sugar and gives a higher yield of the final product. An outline of the methods of production and use of invert molasses and dehydrated cane juice is given, together with some of the advantages and disadvantages of both processes.
The color of jaggery was very yellow and white color was preferred.
Confectionery is the largest consumer of glucose, accounting for 40% of all required sweeteners. Both the mineral water industry and the ice cream industry share the balance of commercial glucose consumed by the food industry. A brief look at the results of the survey on the sugar content of bread, which was carried out in 1962/63 in the nine main centers of the republic, gives reason for reflection.
Particular importance in choosing a candy is attached to its isoelectric point, which should be similar to that of the product.
BOILER MOUNTINGS AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESS STEAM
The fluctuations in the level of the boiler water also cause thermal shock to the meter. Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association - March 1965 Let us now consider process steam. 82 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association March 1%5 spray water from a centrifugal pump or feed area.
Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association—March 1965 83. not be placed near the head.
MUTUAL MILLING CONTROL PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT No. 4
CONTINUOUS FREEZING CONTROL PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT No. Proceedings of the Association of Sugar Technologists of South Africa—i. In the case of the last mill, where bagasse discharge is minimal, it is not difficult to imagine that the amount of liquid expressed for a given discharge and pressure is directly related to the compression time, i.e. Proceedings of the Association of Sugar Technologists of South Africa -i— March 1965 89 It is interesting to note that the apparent densities for.
In the paper, comments about Illovo mention that changes have been made to the heel of the waste plate to improve drainage.
INTERMEDIATE CARRIERS
Increased throughput brought about improvements in platform carrier design, as illustrated in Fig. 6, does not contribute to the power supply of the mill and is therefore used in combination with the nu. 100 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - March 1965 and side bars dimensionally the same as 09060.
We then realized that in one case the attachment was in the middle of the link and in the other at the end.
THE INFLUENCE OF BRIX FREE WATER WHEN ASSESSING MILLING PERFORMANCE
In light of such figures, we can therefore conclude that the content of Brix Free Water has a significant influence on the grinding performance. Gunn (in the Chair): You mentioned in the paper that overburnt cane had very low brix-free water and recovery was poor. I think the general damage to the cane was probably due to the poor extraction, not the lower brix free water.
One would expect that a high brix free water content would lead to a higher moisture content in final bagasse.
THE INCENTIVE TO ACCIDENT PREVENTION
The choice of legal means to eliminate an existing danger or to carry out dangerous actions can be one of the following:. The NOSA Safety Effort and Experience Competition rules applicable to this competition are designed to ensure compliance with the implementation of effective safety programs. This part of the competition is based on the principle that all plants compare their frequencies for the competition year with those of the previous one or two years.
Burgers says one of the biggest factors to contend with is the human element.
SPLIT ROLLER BEARINGS
The noise level of split roller bearings is slightly higher than that of solid bearings, but this is due to the fact that there are more components involved. Many scheduled maintenance schemes recommend that a bearing that cannot be fully inspected be rejected after a certain number of operating hours; in the case of a split bearing, all components can be thoroughly inspected and only need to be replaced if damaged. Unfortunately, there are still many who use split roller bearings only where absolutely necessary, as the resistance comes mainly from the initial cost and unwarranted fear of splitting.
1 list below the many successful uses of split roller bearings in the sugar industry; I have no intention of discussing them at length at present, but I must point out that most of the applications are common to all sugar factories.
DALTON-SOUTH AFRICA'S FIRST MILLING DIFFUSION SUGAR FACTORY
Carrier speed and spreader speed are controlled by fluid drive torque converter. It was mentioned earlier that only part of the insulin water enters the diffuser. However, these figures will broadly reflect the conditions prevailing in the rest of the area.
It is even clearly visible in the second crop of the T3 treatment, which was harvested prematurely at 8 months of age.
MINERAL NUTRIENT STUDIES IN SUGAR CANE
Subsequent pot experiments showed that there is a marked accumulation of Na in the underground portions of the stems. The chemical composition of the third leaf blade with increasing maturity of the crop is presented in Table 3. The fluctuations in the concentrations of nutrients in the third leaf blades are largely due to differences in maturity of the leaf sampled.
The influence of the age of the crop on the concentration of nutrients in the third leaf blades is also examined.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL AVAILABLE MOISTURE IN SOILS*
136 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists" Association - March 1965 capacities, 15-bar percent, average bulk densities. It affects both the field capacity and the 15 bar percent soil moisture content. In the case of sand. , the effect diminishes with increasing stress and becomes negligible, after most of the available moisture has been withdrawn.
140 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association—March 1965 TABLE 3.—Correlation (r) and regression (m) coefficients showing the influence of soil bulk density on moisture retention for the.
THE EFFECTS OF TRASH CONSERVATION ON SOIL MOISTURE AND THE SUGARCANE CROP IN NATAL
The soil moisture data from Experiment I indicated that the value of a litter mulch in conserving water was greatest early in crop development. 156 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association—March 1965 the cane belt as a whole as runoff is always likely. Date: Should a temperature effect not reduce the response in the early part of the season.
Thompson: In the Midlands it would be advisable to burn for most of the year.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON DEPTH OF SOIL MOISTURE EXTRACTION BY SUGARCANE USING THE NEUTRON PROBE
The large proportion of water extracted from the top foot of the soil was due to light rain that wetted only the surface layer of the profile. Under humid conditions, 85-90 percent of the total moisture extracted came from the upper foot of the Windermere and Williamson loams, while 75 percent of the moisture came from the. After complete saturation of the profile initially, 75 percent of the total moisture removed was extracted from the top 2 feet, but resulting dry weather conditions caused subsequent extraction to be fairly uniform down to 4 feet.
When the soil was wet, 85 to 90 percent of the moisture extracted from a Windermere clay loam and a Williamson sandy loam was from the surface foot, while on a Clansthal sand 75 percent was extracted from the top 2 feet.
INFILTRATION RATES AS A GUIDE IN DESIGN OF FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
In the same way, the central chamber of the infiltrometer serves the area which is the furrow spacing multiplied by the distance between the two plates. Thus, when half a gallon is lost from the central chamber of the infiltrometer, the available water is equal to 1 in. By using this device to measure the water required to ensure a constant height, data on the required contact time is obtained. that the furrow absorbs different amounts of water.
Turck: A can of four liters or other size is filled with water and the level in the middle chamber of the fur is kept constant by pouring water from the can into it.
HERBICIDE TRIALS IN NATAL SUGAR CANE, 1964-65
An interesting comparison of the effects of diuron before and after emergence was made in Table 5. The results obtained in the post-emergence part of the experiment are shown in Table 8. This was one of the main factors that contributed to the increased yield in the treated plots.
When manually weeding the regrowth, the sugarcane yield (45.4 tons per acre) was almost significantly better than the yield after two manual weedings (40.8 tons per acre).
A NEW FUNGUS DISEASE OF SUGAR CANE
Average percentage germination of single buds, after artificial inoculation with mycelium of the 'Wartburg disease'. 192 Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association—March 1965 TABLE 7. TIME OF CUTTING IN MONTHS. The percentage of fiber in sugar cane is another factor that is affected by the age of the crop at harvest.
Hempson: A cut is only possible at twelve months if the crop is cut at the best time of the year.
MINERALISATION STUDIES ON VIRGIN AND CULTIVATED SUGAR BELT SOILS
Further examination of the data shows that there is a highly significant correlation (r=0.937) between the amounts of C and N mineralized in both soil types. This indicates that the resistance of soil organic matter to mineralization increases with the rate of decomposition, and confirms results found elsewhere10, 11. It has been found that the amino acid form of nitrogen (containing approximately half of the total nitrogen in virgin soils) is responsible for 61 percent of the nitrogen decline.
Soil organic nitrogen, which accounts for the other half of total nitrogen, contributes only 33 percent of nitrogen reduction.
CATION STUDIES ON A TYPICAL SOIL OF THE NATAL MIDLANDS
