A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kumira of Chattogram district, one of the unions of Sitakunda upazilla, to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and perception about snakes and the first aid management of snakebite, where 120 interviews of respondents were included. Regarding first aid knowledge, 57.50% of the respondents had sufficient knowledge while 42.50% were considered to have poor knowledge. The majority of participants in this study (55%) had negative attitudes towards the first aid treatment of snake bites (45%).
With the exception of religion, which was not statistically significant, the study found a correlation between several other demographic factors and the population's level of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and perceptions about snakes, as well as first aid techniques for snake bites.
11 Chapter 1: Introduction
Review of the literature
- Snake Bite envenoming
- Prevalence of snake bite around the world, Southeast Asia
- Snake bite epidemiology in Bangladesh
- Habitation of snakes
- Terrestrial Asian venomous snake
- Types of venomous snake in Bangladesh
- Medically important snake species
- Siamese spitting cobra,
- Clinical manifestation of venomous and non-venomous snake
- Snake bite complication
- Management of snake bite
- Principle of first aid treatment (Warrel, 2019) (Vsm and Sashindran, 2002)
- Traditional first aid management practiced among people
- Superstitions and perception about snakes among the people of Bangladesh The northwest districts of Bangladesh are well-endowed with plains, rivers, canals, and
- Relevant studies
A comprehensive community-based epidemiological study of snakebite cases and related issues A recent publication on the socio-economic impacts of Bangladesh was published (Rahman et al., 2010). The study indicates a significantly higher incidence of snakebites in rural Bangladesh than previously thought. About 278 species live in India, of which 58 are poisonous (Sirsat et al., 2016). The high human population density, the prevalence of venomous snakes near human settlements and the fact that a significant portion of the human labor force is employed in agricultural areas where snakes are apparently in great abundance may all contribute to the high frequency of snakebites in rural communities in the tropics. King cobras (Ophiophagus Hannah), which are also very numerous, and hump-nosed vipers are two other snakes that often cause severe cases of snakebite (Hypnale hypnale) (James et al., 2014).
Long-term follow-up revealed that a significant percentage of snakebite victims had unquantified long-term disability (Gopalakrishnakone et al., 2015). 34;mantras," are all traditional treatments (Alam et al., 2016b). The fact that most snakebites are non-venomous and that all venomous bites do not always provide enough. These devices carry dangers, including the possibility of local tissue loss and distorted sense of security (Alberts et al., 2004).The American Heart Association and the Wilderness Medical Society currently do not recommend the use of mechanical suction for pit bull envenomations.
38 Chapter 3: Materials and Methods
- Description of the study area
- Study population
- Selection Criteria Inclusion criteria
- Sample size and sampling plan .1 Sample size
- Sampling strategy
- Selection of the District
- Selection of the Upazilla, Union, villages
- Data collection technique
- Ethical consideration
- Data entry, management and statistical analysis
Respondents were conveniently selected from the rural residents of the selected households of Alekdia, Courtpara, New Rjarpur, kumira jelepara villages. There are several coastal regions and hilly areas that are the habitat for the snakes. Sitakund Upazilla and Kumira Union were conveniently selected as easy access to those places is possible due to good communication facilities.
Kumira, Courtpara, Newrajapur, Alekdia these villages have been selected deliberately as the location of these villages is along the coastal edge of Sandwip Channel. Pretesting was conducted on 10 individuals when they met the selection criteria to assess the effectiveness of the research instrument before the data collection process began. They were made aware of their right to decline to answer any or all of the interview questions as well as their ability to end an ongoing interview.
Gender sensitivity, ethnic sensitivity, cultural sensitivity and political sensitivity were not problems with the study. Microsoft Excel 2003 was used to enter the primary data, which was then exported to Statistical Package of Social Science for Windows version 28. Each correct answer received one (1) point, while each incorrect answer received zero (0) points , in order to . The total score for the knowledge part varied from 0-11, in the practice part 0-5, in the perception part 0-7. Total scores were then classified as good or bad.
Any study participant who had a total score above average on each component (knowledge, practice and perception) was considered to have achieved a good result. In attitude part 5, the Linkert scale was used and the total score was 5-40. The total score above the average was considered positive attitude and so was the alternative.
44 Chapter 4: Result
- Sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents
- Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Perception grading
- Knowledge of snakes and snake bite among the study population
- Attitude towards the prehospital management of snakebite
- Practice of prehospital management
- Perception and superstitions persist about snakes among people
- Association of age, gender, education, religion, occupation with knowledge, attitude, practice and perception level of the study population
Majority of the population (79.20%) were aware that monsoon season is snakebite season. In addition, 54.2% of individuals knew that venomous snake bites can result in two puncture wounds. 35.8% of respondents said they knew at least the basics of handling a snakebite, while and 27.5% expressed their views as strongly disagree, agree and neutral, respectively.
Similarly, when asked whether applying ice to that location could help the condition, 47.5% and 7.5% of respondents indicated that they agreed and strongly agreed with this statement, respectively. According to 44.2% of all respondents, all agreed and strongly agreed with the statement that cutting the bite site can reduce the spread of the venom. According to 56.7% and 4.2% of respondents, pressure immobilization bandages were considered a sensible choice for use around the bite site.
44.2% of the respondents agreed with the statement that "the use of herbs or traditional medicine is useful in the treatment of snakebite", 10%. 66.7% and 11.7% of respondents agreed and strongly agreed, respectively, that transporting snakebite patients to a treatment center rapidly reduces the mortality rate (Table 7). Suctioning the wound site to remove the venom from the site results in rapid improvement.
79.2% of the respondents claimed to have the habit of using tight bandages, but 36.7% and 41.7% claimed to have the practice of applying ice or surgically cutting the affected area. 41.7% of respondents were against killing the snake responsible for the bite, while 34.2% said they were.
55 Chapter 5: Discussion
In the current study, it was found that 55% of the respondents had a poor attitude towards first aid treatment of snake bites. Other common first aid knowledge among the study population was suctioning the wound, applying ice to the bite site, and cutting the bitten area. Awareness of 'rapid transfer to hospital can lower mortality' was one of the only beneficial outcomes of this segment. As a first aid measure, the tourniquet was often discussed in another study.
Indigenous peoples have historically used ligatures and bundles to stop the spread of venom (Afzal et al., 2019). In a community-based study in rural Sindh, 92%. The solution for first aid measures in many subjects was herbal medicine, invocation of mantrikas and home remedies. Despite having extensive knowledge about snakes, most of the farmers and fishermen showed a negative attitude towards providing first aid for snake bites. applying ice, cutting the affected area with a sharp knife and killing the snake.
A large proportion of the population immobilized the affected body part as the first therapy in this study, which was a positive phenomenon. In contrast, no victims were immobilized in a study conducted in Bangladesh (Mondal et al., 2012b). More than 50% of individuals believe that snakes are dangerous creatures that should be killed. Superstitions and negative notions are still widespread, especially among elderly people, illiterates and housewives who lack proper education, have bad habits and do not have a positive attitude. In one study, 75% of participants believed that snakes are violent, a strong indication of the misconceptions that might lead people to fear snakes.
The results of the survey, which showed that 48% of respondents said they would kill the snakes directly, supported the idea that this fear will always end in killing the snakes encountered (Street, 2021). Proper first aid procedures for snakebites should also be demonstrated through a series of outreach activities, and awareness of snake and snakebite management should be raised among both the general public and health care professionals.
58 Chapter 6: Limitations
59 Chapter 7: Conclusion
60 Reference
Ineffectiveness of tourniquet to reduce the severity of envenoming after Crotalus durissus snakebite in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A cross-sectional study on awareness, perception and first aid measures of snakebite among the adult population in Calicut, South India 51–55. Critical care toxicology: diagnosis and treatment of the severely poisoned patient. Critical care toxicology: diagnosis and treatment of the severely poisoned patient.
Investigation of pressure dressing for snakebite in a simulated setting: dressing type, training and effect of transport. Inclusion of incorrect information on snakebite first aid in school and university teaching materials in Nepal. Snakebite in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh: A study of bitten patients who did not show signs of systemic envenomation.
Assessment of knowledge of first aid methods, diagnosis and management of snake bites among nursing students: A cross-sectional study from Palestine. Prehospital and hospital management practices and circumstances behind venomous snakebites in northwestern Bangladesh. Annual incidence of snakebite in rural Bangladesh Annual incidence of snakebite in rural Bangladesh.
Awareness and perceptions of snakebite prevention, first aid and treatment among Sri Lankan farmers: a knowledge practice discrepancy. Knowledge of first aid methods and attitude about snakebite among medical students: A cross-sectional observational study.
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KNOWLEDGE-part3
- I have minimal
- Tight bands
- Sucking the wound
- Giving ice on that area
18 Know about poisonous and non-poisonous snakes No=1, yes=2 19 All snakes are poisonous no=1 yes=2 not known=3. Do you have knowledge about the presence of two puncture wounds by poisonous snakes. 21 cobra, krait and sea snake are some poisonous snakes prevalent in Bangladesh no=1 yes=2 not known=3. 22 Python, gecho shap and dora shap are some non-venomous species of snakes no=1 yes=2 not known=3. 23 inappropriate first aid can cause long-term disability no=1 yes=2 not known=3.
I have minimal minimum knowledge about dealing with first aid for snake bites. tourniquets) are useful around the limb proximal to the bite site to stop the spread of venom. Sucking the wound at the wound site to remove the poison from the wound causes a rapid improvement in the initial condition.
73 spread of the
Pressure immobilizatio
Application of herbs or
Rapid transportation
35 practice giving tight bandages as primary care before going to no=1 yes=2 not known=3.
Perception and superstition-part 6
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82 Biography
