Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication System
Md. Sohel Rana Dept. of ECE
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
Md. Mostafizur Rahman Dept. of ECE
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
Abstract—In this research, A Microstrip Patch Antenna is designed and studied for the future Wireless communication technology operated at 2.4 GHz. Rogers RT/Duroid5880 is used as substrate having a dielectric loss of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm. The suggested antenna design is modeled with the help of the CST studio suite. The motive of this research was to achieve lower Return Loss, higher gain and lower VSWR. From the simulation, the Return Loss, Gain and VSWR were found to be -13.89 dB, 6.66 dBi and 1.50 respectively.
Keywords—Microstrip patch antenna, 2.4 GHz, Wireless, Rogers RT/Duroid5880 etc.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Fidelity is a type of 2.4 GHz wireless communication (WiFi). When a WiFi enabled device, such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, or digital audio player, is within range of an Internet-connected wireless network, it can connect to the Internet. One or more (interconnected) access points (hotspots) can cover an area as small as a few rooms or as large as many square miles.
Microstrip has gotten the most attention from the antenna community in recent years, thanks to the development of MIC and high frequency semiconductor devices. When compared to conventional antennas, the study of micro strip patch antennas has made significant progress in recent years.
Higher data rates and smaller device sizes are required for next-generation networks. Wi-MAX and WLAN are two important standards in this evolution. It is a well-known printed resonant antenna for narrow-band microwave wireless links requiring semi hemispherical coverage. The microstrip patch antenna has received a lot of attention due to its planar configuration and ease of integration with microstrip technology. For the success of these wireless applications, we require efficient and small antennas.
Because wireless is becoming increasingly important in our lives, portable antenna technology has grown in tandem with cellular and mobile technologies.
By working with a millimeter-wave frequency spectrum, the network’s capacity can be enhanced for wi-fi devices [1].
Traveling Wave gets distorted while operating in high frequency. So, to get rid of this problem, high gain is needed by optimizing the design [2]. There are many substrates available, but Rogers substrate is the best to operate in high frequency whereas another substrate performs well in the low frequency [3]. As the dielectric loss of this material is not high and the deviation is lower than that of other materials, it is best suited in high frequencya [4]. Antennas that are lightweight, less costly, time-efficient, conformable to any surface, are all important requirements for wireless communication. A microstrip patch antenna may be an excellent contender for meeting all of the above criteria. A
single microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Communication System is studied in this study to operate at 28 GHz, and the overall dimension of this antenna is 36 mm × 28.68 mm.
The organization of the paper is as follows, Section II presents method and calculation of antenna, design specifications, the simulated results are discussed in Section III and finally provides the conclusion in Section IV
II. METHOD AND CALCULATION
The physical geometry used, the physical size of the structures, and the material qualities from which they are produced are all factors that limit the MSPA's performance.
Because it is simple to create and analyze, the rectangular patch shape is used in this research. Furthermore, due to its bigger design, it has a wider impedance bandwidth than other antenna types.
After finalizing the substrate Rogers RT/Duroid5880, the essential parameters are calculated optimizing in way that ensures low power consumption. Fig 1. Shows the dimensions of the parameters. The formulae utilized to measure the dimensions are as follows [5-6].
Fig. 1. Identification of the Dimensions of the antenna
A. Width of the microstrip patch antenna
(1)
B. The Effective Dielectric Constant
(2)
2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT) Goa, India. Jan 21-22, 2022
978-1-6654-2577-3/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 1
C. Extended Length
(3) Due to the fringing effect, the actual dimension is deviated. This deviation is removed from the extended length to obtain the patch's real length, which is calculated as follows:
(4)
(5) where ∆L is the length extension and L is the actual length of the antenna.
The proposed antenna was connected with 50 Ω inset feed transmission feedline. This technique was used because it requires no further additional matching element.
D. Width of the Feedline
(6)
The dimensions were optimized as follow in Table 1.
TABLE I. OPTIMIZED DIMENSIONS OF THE ANTENNA Parameter Dimension (nm)
Width of the Ground, Wg 65 Length of the Ground , Lg 60 Width of the Patch, Wp 36 Length of the Patch, Lp 28.68 Height of Substrate, Hs 1.6
Feed line Width, Wf 1.444
Ground Thickness, t 0.035
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The electromagnetic wave encounters different impedance at each interface as it travels through the core of the antenna. In any case, when impedance of the antenna is not match, it results in loss of power as some waves are reflected to the initial position. As a result, perfect impedance matching is required at the feeding network to transfer a significant amount of energy to achieve maximum radiation efficiency. The microstrip inset feed line was used to excite the proposed rectangular MSPA. The impedance
mismatch at the interface of the feed-point and the patch edge is significantly reduced by tuning the dimensions of the inset-feed, patch width, and microstrip transmission line width.
In this work, Micro Strip Patch Antenna is designed and simulated by CST Software. All though there are many software, it is convenient and useful to work with CST. All the parameters are optimized simulating several times to achieve desired result. All the parameters are tuned in a way that gives maximum possible output. Finally, performances were successfully increased in the all section of the antenna including beam gain, directivity, return loss, bandwidth and radiation efficiency. The values are set manually and the results were simulated to see the progress. The effect of different values are observed how it changes the simulation results. Finally, all those values of the parameter of the antenna are taken which gives the best performance of the antenna designed and studied in this work.
A. Return Loss
From the simulation result, the S11 parameter was obtained. The base value is taken at -10 dB which is ideal for mobile or wireless technologies. The antenna is operated at the desired frequency. As illustrated in figure 3, it operates at 2.39 GHz. At this frequency the return loss is found to be - 13.89 dB. The Bandwidth of the antenna is taken finding the distance between two intersections which are 2.35 GHz and 2.42 GHz. Fig. 3 shows, the antenna has a bandwidth of .07 GHz.
Fig. 2. Design of the antenna in CST
Fig. 3. Return Loss versus frequency
2
Fig. 4. VSWR vs Frequency
B. VSWR
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) represents the power reflection of antenna. The value of VSWR should be a positive and actual number. The Antenna's performance improves as the VSWR value decreases. It clarifies how the transmission line's impedance is matched.
C. BandWidth
The bandwidth for VSWR should be not more than 2 and less than 1. In ideal case, it is 1. Fig. 4 shows that at a resonant frequency of 2.39 GHz, the VSWR value achieved is 1.50 which will result in a smooth operation of the antenna as Wi-Fi Technology requires higher bandgap.
D. Radiation Pattern and Gain
The radiation pattern is considered to be the unique feature to identify the quality of the microstrip patch antenna. It's a crucial parameter since it indicates how well the antenna is performing [1]. From the Fig. 5 and 6, which represents the 3D and 2D radiation pattern of the antenna, the Directivity Gain is found to be 8.2 dBi which can be very effective for wireless communication.
Fig. 5. 3D Radiation Pattern
Fig. 6. 2D Radiation Pattern
As compared to previous works, the studied antenna shows better in terms of Directivity Gain. The comparison is shown in the table as follow:
TABLE II. COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORKS Reference Directivity Gain (dBi)
[7] 4.22
[8] 2.22
[9] 4.05
This Work 6.66
E. E & H Field
For further investigation, E and H filed are shown as follow in the fig. 7 and fig.8.
Fig. 7 : E field of the Micro Strip Patch Antenna
Fig. 8: H field of the Micro Strip Patch Antenna
IV. CONCLUSION
In this work, a Microstrip Patch Antenna is designed and studied for wireless communication in this study. All the parameters are designed efficiently to decrease the power loss of the antenna. From the study, the Return Loss, VSWR and the Directivity Gain are found to be -13.89 dB, 1.50 and 6.66 respectively. Higher Gain with lower VSWR and Return loss is achieved for the Microstrip Patch Antenna studied in this work. For the future research, different methods and materials can be used in order to get effective results. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna could be a good candidate for wireless communication systems and can be fabricate in future to measure results for comparison with the simulated result.
REFERENCES
[1] Rappaport, T. S., S. Sun, “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!” IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335–349, 10 May, 2013.
3
[2] J. Zhang, X. Ge, Q. Li, M. Guizani and Y. Zhang, “5G Millimeter- Wave Antenna Array: Design and Challenges”, in IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 106-112, April 2017.
[3] David Alvarez Outerelo, Ana Vazwuez Alejos, Manuel Garcia Sanchez, Maria Vera Isasa, “Microstrip Antenna for 5G Broadband Communication: Overview of Design Issues,” IEEE International Symposium on antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, pp. 2443- 2444, 19-24 July 2015.
[4] G. Sharma, D. Sharma and A. Katariya (2012) “An Approach to Design and Optimization of WLAN Patch Antennas for Wi-Fi Applications”, International Journal of Wireless Communication ISSN: 2231-3559 & E-ISSN: 2231-3567, Volume 1, Issue 2, , pp-09- 14, November 2011
[5] A. G. Derneryd, “A Theoretical Investigation of the Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Element,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 26, no.4, pp. 532–535, July 1978.
[6] M. Kara, “Closed-form expressions for the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates,”
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 131–
136, 20 June 1996.
[7] V. Asokan, S. Thilagam and K. V. Kumar, "Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for 2.4GHz ISM band and WLAN application," 2015 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS 2015), pp. 1114-1118, 18 June 2015,
[8] Shahid M Ali, Varun Jeoti, Tale Saeidi, Wong Peng Wen, "Design of compact microstrip patch antenna for WBAN applications at ISM 2.4 GHz," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. 15, No. 3, , pp. 1509-1516, ISSN: 2502-4752, September 2019
[9] G. Casu, C. Moraru and A. Kovacs, "Design and implementation of microstrip patch antenna array," 2014 10th International Conference on Communications (COMM), pp. 1-4, ISBN: 978-1-4799-2385-4, 28 July 2014.
4
