I hereby certify that this project and thesis entitled "Transformer Control and Protection System" is being made by the following student under my direct supervision and that this work has been carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Electrical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daffodil International University in partial fulfillment of the conditions for degree in electrical engineering and electronics engineering. To Sohel Rana, Lecturer (Senior Level) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for his commitment to support, inspiration and mentorship during this project. Shahid Ullah, Head, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for his help, encouragement and support.
To our beloved family, we would like to express our deepest love and gratitude for their great support and also for their inspiration and encouragement during our studies at this university. One of the most crucial devices in the power system network is the substation transformer. The current monitoring system involves labor, which takes time, and it is challenging to foresee when failures may occur.
In this project, we created a system that uses sensors to continuously detect the characteristics of the transformer, including the load current, voltage and oil temperature. The relay tripping system is in operation and an alarm system is activated to warn if any irregularities occur in the transformer.
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Problem Statement
- Objective
- Application of this project
- Project Outline
Despite the fact that an electrical transformer is a static object, internal stresses caused by unusual system conditions must be taken into account. The winding of the transformer and its connection terminals are exposed to mechanical and thermal loads due to all the aforementioned problems of the transformer. Occasionally, transformer overheating can occur when the transformer's cooling system fails.
Either earth faults or inter-turn faults are the most common winding failures in transformers. Power transformer phase failures can cause tap-changer equipment failures and bushing flashover. Regardless of the problem, the transformer must be disconnected immediately to prevent serious damage to the power supply [2].
However, if these flaws are ignored and left unattended, they can develop into more serious errors. A through fault can cause the windings to migrate closer together and can result in a skip, which can lead to a catastrophic failure of the transformer if the insulation system of the transformer is severely compromised. In order to allow the remaining portion of the electrical power system to operate as intended without suffering more serious damage from fault current, power system protection attempts to isolate a malfunctioning component from the rest of the active system.
Since their tripping signal comes from the protection relay, circuit breakers essentially separate the malfunctioning system from the rest of the functional system and open immediately in the event of a fault. No power system protection can prevent fault current from passing through the system, according to the fundamental protection prescription; only by promptly removing the short circuit channel from the system can it stop the flow of fault current. To achieve the optimal performance, implement the proposed real-time monitoring and protection strategy.
LITERATURE REVIEWS
- Introduction
- Theoretical background
- Transformer Health Protection Scheme
- Current Transformer
- Potential transformer
- Component
- Arduino Uno
- Current Measuring Unit
- Relay
- LCD Display
- Resistor
- Transformer
- Capacitor
- Summary
The primary purpose of a current transformer is to reduce the fault current in the primary circuit to levels that can be regulated by protective relays [8]. The secondary current carries the load while the primary current they are connected to does not. An instrument transformer called a potential transformer (P.T.) is used in power systems for control and protection.
Potential transformers are step-down transformers, which means that their primary winding has a large number of turns, while the secondary winding has a smaller number. A 16 MHz ceramic resonator, an ICSP head, a USB port, six analog inputs, a power connector and a reset button are included in the device. This is a single channel LOW Level 12V relay control board, and the channel requires 15-20mA to operate the circuit.
Time displays are used in computers, calculators, TVs, smartphones and digital watches, among other things. The sixteen to two is converted to sixteen characters per line in two of these lines. According to the electromagnetic induction hypothesis, an electromotive force will move through a loop as a result of the fluctuating magnetic flux.
This fluctuating magnetic field will result in an EMF in the secondary windings due to electromagnetic induction. This only suggests that by making fewer turns in the secondary than in the primary, the voltage can be reduced. Daffodil International University'' 10 Three of these single-phase transformers are used in three-phase transformers but.
As a result, the n-side of the diode has free electrons and the p-side has open electron sites. Since there are many electrons on the n-side, they naturally go to the hole available on the p-side, making the p-side boundary negatively charged and the n-side boundary slightly positively charged. The positive terminal can be connected to the p-side of the diode if the power source produces enough voltage to overcome the barrier potential.
Electrons that have crossed the potential barrier can go to nearby holes in the p region, even if they are of low energy, and quickly populate the holes there thanks to the attraction of the positive terminal. By properly using each of these components and maintaining the flaw, we will get the job done.
HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT
- Introduction
- Block Diagram
- Flow Chart Diagram of the Proposed Project
- Hardware Connection picture
- Software Development
- Summary
However, a transformer can malfunction, undergo insulation failure, or fail completely due to faults and high load surges, which can lead to a blackout. Daffodil International University’’ 14 which continuously monitors the transformer’s operating parameters based on real-time data. In this project the line currents are measured by a current sensor while the line voltage is reduced by a P.T.
The analog-to-digital converter converts analog voltage, current and temperature quantities into equivalent digital values. Values are then compared to the controller's preset values according to the code; If a parameter exceeds its limit, a relay activates the transformer. The appropriate control circuit activates a fan when the temperature rises above the predetermined point.
The equipment used during the fault on the three-phase transmission line of this project is described in the next section. All equipment used in this plan is fully functional and designed to work flawlessly. We attempt to describe the specifics of hardware characterization used in part of this chapter.
RESULT
Introduction
Project Overview
Daffodil International University'' 22 Figure 4.6: Excessive (T60) load is cut off and cooling fan is switched on.
Result
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
- Discussion
- Limitation of project
- Future scope
- Conclusion
Despite this, our technology is able to react quickly to prevent catastrophic transformer collapse. The findings of this study reduce the difficulty of preventing transformer failure and prevent the need to replace the transformer.
