University of Rajshahi Faculty of Science
Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering
Syllabus for M. Sc. Course Session: 2011 – 2012
Examination - 2012
University of Rajshahi Faculty of Science
Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Syllabus for M. Sc. Course
Session: 2011-2012 Examination – 2012
The Master of Science (M. Sc.) in Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering is divided into two Groups, namely General group (A) & Thesis group (B). The courses consists of total 1000 marks (10 units) and its duration is one year.
General Group (Group A)
The M.Sc. Examination in Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering for the General group (Group A) comprises of six theoretical courses each of four hours duration and each carries 100 marks (4 credit). Practical examinations shall be of 24 hours (4 days; 6 hours a day). Marks for practical examination are 140. Laboratory assessment carries 60 marks. Viva-voce examination and continuous assessment (including study tour/in-plant training) carry 100 (4 credit) and 100 (4 credit) marks respectively. The courses APEE-501, APEE-502, APEE-503 and APEE-504 are compulsory. Two others from optional courses shall be taken with the prior approval of the chairman of the Department.
Thesis Group (Group B)
The examination of the Thesis group (Group-B) comprises of six theoretical courses out of which four courses are compulsory (i.e. APEE-501,…504) and two are optional courses which shall be taken with the prior approval of the chairman on the recommendation of the thesis supervisor, each of four hours duration and each carries 100 marks (4 credit). Marks on continuous assessment including study tour/in-plant training, General Viva-voce and Viva-voce on thesis are 50, 100 and 50 (2 credit) respectively. The Dissertation carries 150 marks. Students opting for the thesis Group must take prior permission of the chairman of the department.
Eligibility for M.Sc Examination:
In order to be eligible for taking up the M.Sc examination, a candidate must have pursued a regular course of study the attending not less than 75% of the number of classes held (Theoretical, Practical, Class assessment/Tutorial/Terminal/Home assignment) provided that the Academic Committee of the Department of special grounds and on such documentary evidence as may be necessary, may condone the cases of shortage of attendance ordinarily not below 60%. A candidate appearing at the examination under the benefit of this provision shall have to pay in addition to
A candidate, who failed to appear at the examination or fails to pass the examination, may on the approval of the relevant Department be readmitted to the following session.
20% of the assessment marks shall be awarded for attendance in the class on the basis of the following table:
Attendance Marks Attendance Marks Attendance Marks
95-100% 20% 90-<95% 18% 85-<90% 16%
80-<85% 14% 75-<80% 12% 70-<75% 10%
65-<70% 8% 60-<65% 6% <60% 00%
The Grading Systems:
(a) Credit Point (CP): The credit points achieved by an examinee for 1 (one) unit course shall be 4 (four).
(b) Letter Grade (LG) and Grade Point (GP): Letter Grades, corresponding Grade Points and Credit Points shall be awarded in accordance with provisions shown below:
Table of LG, GP and CP for credit courses
Numerical grade LG GP/unit CP/Unit
80% or its above A+ (A plus) 4.00 4
75% to less than 80% A (A regular) 3.75 4
70% to less than 75% A- (A minus) 3.50 4
65% to less than 70% B+(B plus) 3.25 4
60% to less than 65% B (A regular) 3.00 4
55% to less than 60% B- (B minus) 2.75 4
50% to less than 55% C+(C plus) 2.50 4
45% to less than 50% C (A regular) 2.25 4
40% to less than 45% D 2.00 4
Less than 40% F 0.00 0
Incomplete I -- 0
Absence from the final examination shall be considered incomplete with the letter grade “I”.
(c) Grade Point Average (GPA) and Total Credit Point (TCP): The weighted average of the grade points obtained in all the courses by a student and Total Credit Point shall be calculated from the following equations:
GPA = Sum of [(CP)i x (GP)i] / sum of (CP)i
Where (GP)i = grade point obtained in individual course, (CP)i = credit point for respective course, GPA = grade point average obtained, and TCP = total credit point obtained. GPA shall be rounded off up to 2 (two) places after decimal to the advantage of the examinee. For instance, GPA=2.112 shall be rounded off as GPA=2.12.
Award of Degree, Promotion and Improvement of Results:
(a) Award of Degree: The degree of Master of Science shall be awarded on the basis of GPA obtained by a candidate in M.Sc. In order to qualify for the M.Sc degree a candidate must have to obtain within 3 (three) academic years from the date of first admission:
(i) a minimum GPA of 2.50,
(ii) a minimum GP of 2.00 in the Practical/ Thesis, and (iii) a minimum TCP of 36.
The result shall be given in GPA with the corresponding LG (Table of letter LG, GP and CP) in bracket. For example “GPA=2.67(C+)”.
(b) Publication of Results: The result of a successful candidate shall be declared on the basis of GPA. The transcript in English shall show the course number, course title, credit, LETTER grade and grade point of individual courses, GPA and the corresponding LG (IN BRACKET).
(c) Result Improvement:
(i) A candidate obtaining a GPA of less than 2.75 at the examination shall be allowed to improve higher result, only once as an irregular candidate within 3 academic years form the date of first admission.
(ii) The year of examination, in the case of a result improvement, shall remain same as that of the regular examination. His/her previous grades for Practical courses, Class assessment/
Tutorial/ Thesis/ Dissertation courses shall remain valid (expect the Theory Viva voce). If a candidate fails to improve GPA, the previous result shall remain valid.
Compulsory Courses Unit Marks Credit APEE-501: Digital Communication 1.0 100 4 APEE-502: Power Electronics & Control System 1.0 100 4 APEE-503: Bio Medical & Analytical
Instrumentation 1.0 100 4
APEE-504: Wireless Communication 1.0 100 4
APEE-512: Continuous assessment 1.0 100 4
APEE-513: Viva-voce (General) 1 100 4
APEE-514: Practical (For Group-A) 2 200 8
or, APEE-515: Thesis (For Group-B) Optional Courses (Any two of the following):
APEE-505: Condensed Matter Physics 1.0 100 4
APEE-506: Environmental Geophysics 1.0 100 4
APEE-507: VLSI design 1.0 100 4
APEE-508: Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 1.0 100 4 APEE-509: Computer Graphics & Multimedia 1.0 100 4 APEE-510: Thin Film Technology & Energy Devices 1.0 100 4 APEE-511: Plasma Physics and Materials Processing 1.0 100 4 Total = 10 1000 40 Marks Distribution of Practical APEE-514 (For Group A)
(i) Laboratory assessment 60
(ii) 4 (Four) Experiment (35x4) 140
200 Marks Distribution of each experiment will be as follow:
i) Experiment 25
ii) Viva-voce on Experiment 10
35
Mark Distribution of Thesis APEE-515 (For Group B)
i) Dissertation 150
ii) Viva-voce on Thesis 50
200
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Syllabus for M.Sc. 2011-2012 APEE-501
Digital Communications 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Digital Communication Overview: Electronic Communications; Sources and sinks of information; ADC, Digital Communication; Radio receivers; Signal transmission, Switching and networks; Advantages of digital communication over analogue communication.
2. Sampling, Multiplexing: Introduction, Pulse modulation, Sampling, Analogue pulse multiplexing, Quantised pulse amplitude modulation, Signal to quantisation noise ratio (SNqR), Pulse code modulation, Bandwidth reduction techniques.
3. Baseband Transmission: Introduction, Baseband centre point detection, Error accumulation over multiple hops, Line coding, Multiplex telephony, Digital signal regeneration, Symbol timing recovery, Repeater design.
4. Information Theory and Source Coding: Introduction, Information and entropy, Conditional entropy and redundancy, Information loss due to noise, Source coding, Variable length coding, Source coding examples.
5. Error Control Coding: Introduction, Hamming distance and codeword weight, (n,k) Block codes, Syndrom decoding, Cyclic codes, Encoding of convolutional codes, Practical coders.
6. Video transmission and storage: Introduction, Color representation, Conventional TV transmission systems, High definition TV, Digital video, Video data compression, Compression standards, Packet video.
7. Queuing theory and its application in communication: Introduction, The arrival process, the simple server queue, Packet speech transmission.
8. System noise and communications link budgets: Introduction, Physical aspects of noise, System noise calculations, Radio communication link budgets.
Books Recommended:
Text:
1. Digital Communications – Ian Glover, Peter Grant, Prentice-Hall Inc.
2. Computer Networking : J.F. Kuross & K. W. Ross 3. Data & Computer Communication : William Stallings 4. Computer Networks : Andrew S. Tanenbaum
APEE-502
Power Electronics and Control system 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Power Semiconductor Diode, Reverse Recovery Characteristics: Power diode types, effects of forward and reverse recovery time, series and parallel connected diode, Multiphase star rectifier, Three-phase bridge rectifier, Three- phase bridge rectifier with RL load, Effects of source and load inductance.
2. Thyristor and Controlled Rectifiers: Thyristor types, series and parallel operation of thyristors, Programmable Unijunction Transistor, Principle of phase-controlled converter operation, single phase semiconverters, single phase full converters, single phase dual converter, Three phase half-wave converter, three phase semiconverter, three phase full and dual converters, power factor improvement. Thyristor commutation technique, natural commutation, forced commutation.
3. AC voltage Controllers: principle of off-on control, principle of phase control, single-phase bi-directional converter with resistive load, three –phase half wave and full wave controller, three phase bi-directional Delta connected controllers, cycloconverters, AC voltage controllers with PWM control.
4. Power Transistor: Bipolar junction transistor, MOSFETs, SITs, IGFETs (switching characteristics and switching limits), series and parallel operation.
5. DC chopper: principle of step-down operation, step-down chopper with RL load, chopper classification, switching-mode regulators, Thyristor chopper circuit, Applications.
6. Pulse width-modulated inverters and resonant pulse inverters: Principle of operation of pulse width inverters, three phase bridge inverters, voltage control of single and three phase inverters, series and parallel resonant inverters, class E resonant inverter
7. DC and AC drives: Basic characteristics of DC motors, operating models, single phase drives, three phase drives, chopper drives, induction motor drives, synchronous motor drives, Applications.
8. Protection of devices and circuits: Cooling and heat sinks, snubber circuits, reverse recovery transients, supply and load side transient, voltage protection by selenium diode and metal oxide varistors, current protection.
Books recommended Text:
1. Power Electronics :Muhammad H. Rashid 2. Power Electronics :Mohan/Undeland/Robbins 3. Power Electronics :P C Sen
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Syllabus for M.Sc. 2011-2012 APEE-503
Bio Medical and Analytical Instrumentation 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Physics of human body: The cell, Body fluid, Musculo-skeletal system, Respiratory system, Nervous system, The circulatory system, The body as a control system, The heart, Bioelectricity, Work done by heart, blood pressure and its measurements, Membrane potentials, Electrical activity of excitable cells, Molecular basis of muscle contraction, Basic electrical signals from the muscles.
2. Interaction of wave and radiation with human body: Body’s detector and matter wave, speech noise, physiological effects of intense matter waves, Interaction of electromagnetic radiation on living mater, penetration of ray’s into tissue. Biological effects of ionizing radiation: Dosimetry, primary effects, Biophysical effects of whole body irradiation, radiation measurement and protection.
3. Biopotentials electrodes and amplifiers: Biopotential electrode, Sensors, Transducers and bioelectric amplifiers, Electromagnetic interference of medical electronic equipment, ENG, EMG, ECG, ERG, EEG, MEG.
4. Ultrasonography: Physics of ultrasonic wave, Ultrasonic transducers, Absorption and attenuation of ultrasound, Scan modes, scan pattern and scanning systems, Doppler imaging, Echocardiography, Ultrasonic flow meter, Ultrasonic blood pressure measurement.
5. X-ray: X-ray production, X-ray image formation and contrast, Contrast types, Effects of photon energy, Area contrast, Fluoroscopic imaging system, computed tomography.
6. Magnetic resonance imaging: Nuclear magnetic resonance, Image characteristics, Gamma camera.
7. Analytical and Medical Laboratory Instruments: Blood components, Colorimeter, spectrophotometer, Blood cell counter, pH/Blood gas analyzer, chromatograph, Auto analyzer, Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy.
8. Therapeutic and Prosthetic Devices: Cardiac pacemaker, Hemodilysis, Defibrillator, Surgical diathermy.
Books recommended Text:
1. Biophysics concept and mechanism : C. J. Casey
2. Introduction to Biomedical equipment technology : Joseph J Carr & John M Brown 3. Medical Instrumentation : John G Webster
4. Medical Physics : J. G. Skofronick 5. Physical principles of medical imaging : Sprawls
APEE-504 Condensed Matter Physics 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1.
Fermi Surface & Metals: Reduced zone Scheme, Periodic Zone Scheme, Construction of Fermi surface; Calculation of Energy bands, Deep Level Transient spectroscopy (DLTS), De Haas-Van Alphen effect, Nearly free electron approximation, Tight binding method, Wigner-Seitz method. Pseudo potential method.2.
Plasmons, Polaritons and Polarons: Plasma optics, plasmons, Electrostatic Screening Mott. Metal Insulator transition, Polaritons, Fermi liquid, Polarons.3.
Magnetic Resonance: Nuclear Magnetic resonance, Line width Hyperfine Splitting; Nuclear quadruple resonance; Electron paramagnetic resonance, Ferromagnetic resonance; Antiferromagnetic resonance.4.
Ferroelectrics: General Properties of ferroeletric materials, classification and properties of representative ferroelectrics, Dipole Theory of ferroelectricity, Ionic displacement and the behaviour of Perovskite above the Curie temperature, Theory of Spontenous polarization of Perovskite, Thermodynamics of Ferroelectric transition, Ferroelectric Domains.5.
Spin electronics: Introduction, technical basis of spin electronics, spin injection, giant magneto resistance (GMR), tunneling magneto resistance (TMR), spintronic devices and applications: spin transistor.6.
Nanomaterials and nanostructures: Nanoscale fabrication: nanolithography, Self assembly and self organization,: Carbon nanotubes, quantum dot and nanocomposites,7. Nanotechnology: Advances in microelectronics from microscale to nanoscale devices, Molecular electronics, Nanotechnology in magnetic system, Nanotechnology in integrative system.
8. High Tc Super conductivity: Introduction, High-Tc superconducting oxides (YBCO, LSCO), Perovskites, Normal state of high-Tc oxides, Superconducting state, Microscopic theory of high-Tc superconductivity
Books recommended:
Text:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics : Charles Kittle 2. Introduction to Nanoscale Science
and Technology
: Massimiliano Di ventra 3. Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering,
and Technology
: William A. Goddard et al.
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Syllabus for M.Sc. 2011-2012 4. Introduction to superconductivity
and High-Tc Materials
: Michel Cyrot and Davor Pavuna
Reference:
1. Solid State Physics : A.J. Deker
2. Electronic process in materials : L Azarroff and J. Brophy 3. Fundamental of Solid State Physics : Gupta & P.N. Saxena 4. Material Science for Engineers : L. H. Van Black 5.
Material Science : Anderson, Leaker, Alexander & Rawling
APEE-505 Wireless Communication 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Wireless Communication system: Second generation cellular network, 2.5G wireless networks and 2.5G TDMA standards, Third & 4th generation wireless networks, CDM A 2000, WcDMA, GSM, WiMAX, WiFi. Wireless local loop and LMDS.
2. Cellular Concept-system design fundamentals: Introduction, frequency reuse;
Channel Assignment and handoff strategies, Interference and system capacity;
Improving coverage & capacity in cellular system.
3. Large Scale radio propagation (path loss): Free space propagation model, Radio propagation mechanisms (reflection, diffraction & scattering), Practical link budget design using path loss models, Outdoor and indoor propagation models.
4. Small–scale radio propagation (fading and multipath): Small-scale multipath propagation, Small-scale multipath measurements, Parameters of mobile path channels, Types of small-scale fading, Rayleigh and Ricean distribution,.
Statistical models for multipath fading channels.
5. Modulation techniques for wireless radio: Digital modulation, line coding, Pulse shaping techniques, Linear modulation techniques (BPSK, DPSK) and different types of QPSK, QPSK transmission and detection techniques, Constant envelop modulation (BFSK, MSK, & GMSK), Combined linear and constant envelop modulation technique, Spread spectrum modulation techniques.
6. Equalization, Diversity & Channel coding: Fundamentals of equalization, Equalization in communication receiver, Algorithm for adaptive equalization, Diversity technique, Channel coding, RAKE receiver, Block codes, Convolution codes,
7. Speech coding: Characteristic of speech signals, Quantization techniques, Frequency domain coding of speech, Vocoders, Linear predictive coders.
8. Multiple access techniques for wireless Communication: Introduction to multiple access, Frequency and time division multiple access, Spread spectrum multiple access, Space division multiple access, Packet radio, Capacity of cellular system, Wireless systems and standards. BTS installation & testing.
Books Recommended:
Text:
Wireless Communications : Theodore S. Rappaport, Reference:
1. Principles of wireless networks : Kaveh Pahlavan & Prasant Krishnamurty 2. Wireless Communication : Andrea Goldsmith
APEE-506 Environmental Geophysics 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Introduction: The environment, physics in the environment, environmental systems overview, human and global environment, environmental modeling, mass balances, model calibration and verification.
2. Water: Sources of water, hydrologic cycle and processes, distribution of subsurface water, flow of surface and groundwater, saturated and unsaturated flow, differential equations governing groundwater flow, water quality, sources and effects of water pollution, water treatment process and purification, natural and engineering system.
3. Atmosphere: Distribution and composition of atmosphere, physical and chemical fundamental of air, origin and fate of air pollutants, effects of air pollution in micro and macro levels, greenhouse effects, effects of air pollution on meteorological conditions, solar spectrum, the Einstein coefficient, Lambert Beer’s law, solar UV and life, ozone filter, effects of thermal pollution and its prevention.
4. Noise: Basic acoustics, the wave equation, intensity and levels, human perceptions and noise criteria, effects of noise pollution, rating systems, active controls of noise pollution.
5. Radiation: Radioactivity and radiation, biological effects of ionizing radiation, short-term and long-term and genetic effects, radiation sources in the environment, reduction of internal and external radiation hazards, low-level and high-level radioactive waste management.
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Syllabus for M.Sc. 2011-2012 6. Remote Sensing Principles and Fundamentals: Remote sensing system, remote
sensing satellites, interaction with earth, atmospheric effects, sensors, scanners, image rectification, enhancement and classification, photo-interpretation, microwave remote sensing.
7. Application of Remote Sensing in Geosciences: Measurement of image features, remote sensing for survey and mapping, lithological discrimination, ocean resources, monitoring land use, studies soil and agriculture, environmental applications, sustainable development, geophysical exploration, airborne geophysical survey, DEM.
8. Geographic Information System (GIS): Basic concept, components of GIS, geographic data and structure, vector and raster approaches, spatial analysis operations, spatial analysis of discrete entities and continuous fields, GIS integration techniques, errors and its propagation, Application of GIS in environmental monitoring and impact analysis, hydrogeological studies and geophysical exploration.
Books Recommended:
Text:
1. Introduction to Environmental Engineering
: M.L Davis and D.A. Cornwell 2. Fundamental of Remote
Sensing
: Remote Sensing Tutorial, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing 3. Concepts and Techniques of
Geographic Information Systems
: C.P.L. and Albert K.W. Yeung
Reference:
1. Environmental Physics : E. Boeker and R.V.Grondelle 2. Environmental Modeling : J.L. Sehnoor
3. Air Pollution : M.N. Rao and H.V.N. Rao
4. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing
: George Joseph.
5. Principles of Geographic Information Systems
: P.A. Burrough
APEE-507 VLSI Design
1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Digital Systems and VLSI: Design Integrated Circuits. Integrated Circuit Manufacturing. CMOS Technology. Integrated Circuit Design Techniques. A Look into the Future. Summary.
2. Transistors and Layout.: Fabrication Processes. Transistors. Wires and bias.
Design Rules. Layout Design and Tools.
3. Logic Gates: Combinational Logic Functions, Static Complementary Gates, Wires and Delay, Switch Logic, Alternative Gate Circuits.
4. Combinational Logic Networks: Layout Design Methods. Simulation.
Combinational Network Delay. Crosstalk, Power Optimization. Switch Logic Networks. Combinational Logic Testing.
5. Sequential Machines: Latches and Flip-Flops. Sequential Systems and Clocking Disciplines. Sequential System Design. Power Optimization. Design Validation.
Sequential Testing.
6. Subsystem Design: Subsystem Design Principles. Combinational Shifters. Adders.
ALUs. Multipliers. High-Density Memory. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays.
Programmable Logic Arrays.
7. Floor planning: Floor planning Methods. Floor planning Large Chips. Off-Chip Connections.
8. Architecture Design: Hardware Description Languages. Register-Transfer Design. High-Level Synthesis. Architecture for Low Power. Architecture Testing.
Books Recommended:
Text:
1. Modern VLSI Design :Systems on Silicon : Adam Wolves Reference:
2. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design : Weste & Eshraghian
APEE-508
Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Introduction: Digital image, Steps in digital image processing, Components of an image processing system, Application of digital image processing, Image sampling and quantization, Basic relationships between pixels.
2. Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering: Basic concepts, Intensity transformation functions, Histogram processing, Mechanics of spatial filtering, spatial correlation and convolution.
3. Filtering in the Frequency Domain: Preliminary concepts, Extension to functions of two variables, Properties of 2-D DFT, Discrete cosine transform,
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Syllabus for M.Sc. 2011-2012 Filtering fundamentals, Steps for filtering Image smoothing, Image sharpening,
Image restoration, Noise models, Noise reduction, Inverse filtering, Wiener filter.
4. Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing: Background, Haar transform, Multiresolution expansions, Wavelet transforms.
5. Image compression: Fundamentals of image compression, Coding redundancy, Spatial and temporal redundancy, image compression model, Huffman coding.
6. Morphological Image Processing: Erosion, Dilation, Opening, Closing, Basic morphological algorithms-Boundary extraction, Hole filling, Skeletons.
7. Image Segmentation and Color Image Processing: Basic concepts, Point, linc, and edge detection, Thresholding, Region-based segmentation, Color models, Color transformations.
8. Pattern Recognition: Patterns and pattern classes, Recognition based on decision-theoretic methods, Basic model of a neuron, Perceptron, Neural networks, Learning methods.
Books Recommended:
Text:
1. Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision : Millan Sonka, Vaclau Hlavac, Roger Boyle.
Reference:
1. Digital Image Processing : Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. woods, 2. Digital Image Processing : William K. Pratt
APEE-509
Computer Graphics and Multimedia 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Introduction & Graphic Devices: Brief history, Graphics input devices, Graphics storage devices, Communication devices, Common display devices, Raster-Scan CRT.
2. Graphics Fundamentals and Scan Conversion: Hardware and software and the fundamental ideas behind modern computer graphics, Scan converting a point, a straight line, a circle.
3. 2-Dimensional & 3-Dimensional Graphics Transformation And Creation:
Geometric transformation; Coordinate Transformation; Composite Transformation;
Two dimensional viewing transformation, Three dimensional viewing transformation;
Applications as Adobe PhotoShop, Paintbrush etc.
4. Geometric Forms, Models and Hidden Surfaces: Introduction, Simple geometric forms, Weinframe models, Curved surfaces, Curve design, Depth comparisons, Z- Buffer algorithm, Scan line algorithms.
5. Multimedia Media and Data Streams: The perception Medium, The representation medium, Presentation medium, Storage medium, Combination Media, Multimedia, Asynchronous and synchronous transmission mode, The time interval between a complete transmission of consecutive packets.
6. Sound: Computer representation of sound, Auto formats, MIDI Basic concepts, MIDI devices, MIDI software, Speech generation.
7. Images, Graphics, Video and Animation: Digital image representation, image format, graphics format, image synthesis, Video signal representation, Computer video format, Animation Language, Display of Animation.
8. Data Compression and Optical Storage Media: Storage space, Coding requirements, Basic compression techniques, JPEG, MPEG, Video disks and other WORMs, Compact disk digital audio, CD-ROM Extended Architecture, CD-ROM based developments.
Books Recommended:
Text:
1. Computer Graphics :Roy A. Plastock Gordon Kalley
2. Multimedia: computing, communications & Applications :Ralf Steinmetz and Klara Nahrstedt
APEE-510
Thin Film Technology & Energy Devices 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Thin Film Preparation Techniques: Thermal evaporation, Evaporation theory and mechanism, E-beam evaporation, Sputtering, Plasma and Ion bean Sputtering, Sputtering yields, MBE, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Spray pyrolysis, Sol-gel technique.
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Syllabus for M.Sc. 2011-2012 2. Growth and Structure of Thin Films: Thermodynamics of Nucleation,
Atomistic Theory of Nucleation, Coalescence, Influence of deposition parameters, Crystallographic structure of Thin Films, Epitaxial-growth phenomena, Structural defects in Thin Films.
3. Thickness measurements & Analytical Techniques: Electrical methods;
Mechanical methods; Optical interference method; Analytical techniques, Chemical analysis, Structural analysis, Surface structure optical methods; Low energy electron interaction (LEEI) Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
4. Transport Phenomena in Metal and Semiconducting Films: Electrical conduction in discontinuous & continuous films. Temperature effect, Field effect, Hall effect, Thermoelectric power, Quantum size effect, Activation process, Optical absorption, transmission, reflection, Photoconductive mechanisms.
5. Transport Phenomena in Insulating Films: Electrical conduction in insulating films, Inhomogenous materials, Cermet, Electrical conduction, Effective medium theories, Maxwell-granett theory, Bruggman theory, Field effect, modified effects, Schottky effect, Poole-Frenkel effect, Tunneling & space charge limited Conduction.
6. Energy Efficiency: Selective surface coating, Thermochromism, electrochromosim, photochromosim, Smart window , Materials for smart Window, Energy efficient devices.
7. Photovoltaic System & Modules: a-Si materials, Optimization of cell parameters, Heterojunction cells, Module efficiency measurements, Module control test specification, photoelectrochemical cells based on different semiconducting materials, Hydrogen based Fuel cells, New materials for hydrogen production.
8. CVD and Spary Pyrolysis material: CVD Technique and measurements, materials for CVD, spray Pyrolysis Technique and measurements, materials for Spray Pyrolysis Sol-gel Techniques & material search.
Books Recommended:
Text:
1. Thin Film Phenomena :K.L. Chopra
2. Hand Book of Thin Films Technology : Maissel and Glang
3. Thin Film Technology :C.G,Gavanqirst and G.A Niklassons 4. Solar Energy Conversion :A.E. Dixon and J.D. Leslie
Reference:
1. Thin Film Device, Applications :K.L.Chopra and I. Kaur
2. Thin Film Physics :O.S. Heavens
3. Solar Power Engineering :B.S. magal
4. Solar Selective Surface :O.P. Agnihotri and B.K. Gupta 5. Solar Engineering of Thermal Process :J.A. Duffie, and W.A. Beckman
APEE-511
Plasma Physics and Materials Processing 1.0 units 100 marks 4 credits 60 lectures (Time: 4 hrs; 5 out of 8 questions to be answered)
1. Basic Plasma Equations And Equilibrium: Field Equations, Maxwell’s Equations, The Conservation Equations, Boltzman’s Equations, Macroscopic quantities, Particle Conservation, Momentum Conservation, Energy Conservation, Equilibrium Properties, Boltzman’s relation, Debye Length, Quasineutrality.
2. Collision Processes: Basic concepts, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Collision Parameters, Differential Scattering Cross Section, Collision Dynamics, Energy Transfer, Small-Angle Scattering, Elastic Scattering, Polarization Scattering, Inelastic Collisions, Electric Dipole Radiation and Metastable Atoms, Cross Sections, Maxwellian Distribution, Surface Effects, Molecular collisions.
3. Plasma Dynamics: Basic Motions, Nonmagnetized Plasma Dynamics, Guiding Center Motion, Dynamics of Magnetized Plasmas, Waves in Magnetized Plasmas, Wave Diagnostics.
4. Diffusion and Transport: Basic relations, Diffusion Solutions, Low-Pressure Solutions, Diffusion across a Magnetic Field, Magnetic Multipole Confinement.
5. Dc Sheaths: Basic Concepts and Equations, Bohm Sheath Criterion, High-voltage Sheath, Criteria for Sheath Formation, Collisional Sheaths, Probe Diagnostics.
6. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium: Energy and Enthalpy, Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy, Chemical Equilibrium, Heterogeneous Equilibrium.
7. Chemical Kinetics and Surface Processes: Elementary Reactions, Gas-Phase Kinetics, Surface Processes, Surface Kinetics.
8. Different Types of Discharges: Capacitive Discharges, Inductive Discharges, Wave-Heated Discharges, DC Discharges, Etching, Plasma-Enhanced chemical Vapor Deposition, Sputter Deposition, Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation.
Books Recommended:
Text:
1. Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing: Michael A. Lieberman and Allan J. Lichtenberg
Reference:
1. Gas Discharge Physics: Yuri P. Raizer.
