Factorial Effect On Matter Accumulation and Chemical Characteristics, and Related Characters in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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ABSTRACT

CHANGHO PARK. F & o d

E m

on Matla Accumulation a d chemical Chmteristiq

and Related Charadem in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Under the direction of FRED RUMAWAS, KWANGHO

KIM,

and WAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR.

0 This study was conducted to analyze varietal differences on

dry

matter

(DM)

Obcurnulation a d chemical characteristics, to scmn the relationship of DM pmdudion

$md ~umuhtion-related major p w t h &waders with major chemical constituents,

emd

to observe the eftkt of stancvtting

or

potassium (KCl) treatments on major growth

0

;;charactem and chemical constituents in sweet and bitter varieties of cassava (Mamihot 3scuZenta

-.

Crantz) h m May 2001 to September 2004 in Cibinong, Bogor, West Java. The sw& vwktk, Gading 4 Adiral, showed early-bulking W d c shaving superior source and sink potentials, which develop a suficient somand canopy %thin short period at _{the early growth phase, and then translocate more assimilates to}

=

+rage

rods with a higher partitioning rate. Also, these sweet varietia were considered

@

early-maturing varieties, which can be harvested within 7 MAP, in aspols of the W u I a t i o n rates of

DM

and

STC in

mats.

The

TDW, R/SR, and

LA1

on the

D M

p i l e

the

RBR,

_{TDW, DWL,}

d

_{LA1 on}

the STC

_{showed higher positive direct effects.}

The

HCNL

d

d

after 5

MAP,

except for Gading showing the reduction &r MAP, while the

HCNR

began to decreare after 3 MAP, excluding

Pucuk

Biru, a

ubitter variety, which showed

a

delayed o~ccumulation of HCNR until 7 MAP. The

&CNL

_{showed a bigha positive correlation ( ~ 0 . 6 3 9 ) with the HCNR, which was}

%ghly a f f d by the

NL.

LAI, DWL, and LAD. The LAI, DWR, and STC gave higher negative direct efkcts on the

HCNL

and HCNR, The

CPC,

CFBC, and AC, however, were cmeIated negatively with the plmt age in dl varieties.

When cassava was planted with longer or older portion SCs, source _{characters like}

NL

and LAI developed in excess, while tuber yields decreased, due to the reduction

of other important source or sink-related characters

such

as the RISR, RGR, DWR, and

HI,

particularly in the bitter varieties. The sweet varieties, Adiral and Gadin& obtained higher DM of tubers and total biomass when they were planted with the 25- 30 cm _{long SCs or with the YT to SM portion SCs, while the bitter varieties, Adira4}

and SPP, with the 15-20

cm

long SCs or with the

SM

to H

W

portion SCs, respectiveiy.

owever, there was no significant interaction between length and portion of SC in al t

characters observed during the growing period.

0

Canopy or source-related characters, DWS, DWL, DWSP, LAI, LAD, and CGR,

3howed higher positive correlations with the KC1 application levels in all varieties,

h h i l e sink-related characters such as the

NT,

DWR, TOR, and PC showed relatively

q w e r positive or negative correlations. In particular, the R/SR and

HI

showed higher

p @ v e correlations with the KC1 application Ievels in

all varieties.

The recommendable

LgCl top dressing level was 50-100

kg

ham' for the sweet varieties, Adiral and Valenca,