AN ANALYSIS ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO MASTER PASSIVE VOICE
A Study Case : The Second Year Students At SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar
A Thesis
By: JULI ATY SIAHAAN REG. NO. 060721011
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... i
ABSTRACT... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iii
1.INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1. Background of the analysis... 1
1.2. Problem of the analysis... 4
1.3. Objective of the analysis... 4
1.4. Scope of the analysis... 4
1.5. Significance of the analysis ... 4
1.6. Method of the analysis ... 5
1.6.1. Population and Sample... 5
1.7. Review of related literature... 6
2.THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK ... 8
2.1. Sentence ... 8
2.1.1. Sentence Elements ... 8
2.1.2.Classification of Sentences ... 11
2.1.2.1. Classification of sentences based on its type ... 11
2.1.2.2. Classification of sentences based on the use of verbs... 14
2.2. Tense ... 1
3.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 20
3.1. The Research Design... 20
3.3. The Instrument of Collecting the Data... 21
3.4. Scoring the Test... 23
3.5. The Validity and the Reliability of the Test... 24
3.5.1. The Validity of the Test ... 24
3.5.2. The Reliability of The Test ... 24
4.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ... 26
4.1. Data Analysis ... 26
4.1.1. The Reliability of the Test ... 26
4.1.2. The Presentation of the Data Analysis ... 30
4.1.2.1. Students’ Ability to Master Passive Voice ... 30
4.2. Data Interpretation ... 37
5.CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS... 38
5.1. Conclusions... 38
5.2. Suggestions ... 39
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Analysis
Language is a system of communication with other people using sounds, symbols, and words in expressing or conveying a meaning and idea or thought. Language can be used in many forms, primarily through oral and written communications as well as using expressions through body language. From that definition, language can be communicated into three ways: a. Spoken language, b. Written language, and c. Gestures. In spoken language, it includes the speaker and listener. It means that the human organs of speech produce the language through the sound. In written language, it includes the writer and reader. It means that the communication occurs by using the written symbols and the reader interprets these symbols. In gestures, it means that the movement of parts of the body is the form of communication.
English is used as an international language wherever we go. People can communicate and interact with other people from different countries by using English. It is a foreign language which is widely used as a tool of communication in the various field, such as economy, politics, education, technology, etc.
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of tenses. English is an obligatory subject in elementary school, junior high school, senior
high school, and university level. Student’s ability or knowledge is one of the teaching and learning process at school.
Learning a language is supported by learning the components of the language, such as vocabulary, structure, pronounciation, and spelling. Lado (1962:163) states, “Learning a foreign language can be defined for testing purpose not only as learning to understand and be understood, but more specially as learning to use the structural units and patterns of the foreign language in valid situation”. From this definition, it can be said that learning a foreign language is not just enough to understand the language but it is necessary to measure to what extend the learners’ ability to master the grammar or structure correctly in any situation.
One of the topic in English grammar that must be learnt by the students is about passive voice. Passive voice is the verb form, where the subject receives the action. Thomson and Martinet (1975:176) stated that the passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb.
For example: - They sent James to prison for two years (Active)
- James was sent to prison (by) them for two years (Passive)
agent of the passive verb. The agent is very often to be mentioned, when it is mentioned,
it precedes by “by” and placed at the end of the sentence.
There are some previous researchers who had ever analyzed about passive voice at SMA (Sekolah Menengah Atas) that is at the second year students’ ability to master passive voice. But, some of them always suggested for the readers who are interested in analyzing about passive voice so that the next researchers do their research at the second year students’ ability to master passive voice at different schools.
Considering that explanation, I choose SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar that is the second year students of this school as the population. SMK Negeri 2 is one of the state schools in Pematangsiantar which located on Jln. Asahan 04 Pematangsiantar. It has 950 students. The first year are 400, the second year are 200, and the third year students are 350.
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about passive voice. That’s why, as the study of my thesis I want to describe and analyze to what extend the second year students’ ability at SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar to master passive voice.
1.2. Problem of the Analysis
The problem of this research is formulated as follows:
“To what extend are the second year students of SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar able to master passive voice?”
1.3. Objective of the Analysis
In relation to the problem already stated the objective of this research is to find out to what extend the second year students’ ability at SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar to master passive voice.
1.4. Scope of the Analysis
The scope or limitation of this analysis is on the second year students’ ability at SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar to master passive voice in Simple Past Tense.
1.5. Significance of the Analysis
The result of this research is expected to be useful for some sides.
2. This research is also hoped as the source of information for those who are interested in this topic.
1.6. Method of the Analysis
In writing this thesis, I applied two kinds of research, that is library and field research. In library research, I collect and read some kind of English grammar books as the guide books and references. In field research, I collect the data by giving the students a test about passive voice that will be answered directly by the students. The method that is applied in this research are descriptive qualitative and quantitative. In collecting the data I used descriptive qualitative method. Djajasudarma (1993:8) stated that descriptive qualitative method is a method that is used to describe the data systematically and accurately. In analyzing the data, I used descriptive quantitative method. Hadjar (1996:32) states that quantitative approach presents the results in description of number. Furthermore, I will examine the data and analyze it so that I can get a conclusion to what extend the second year students’ ability at SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar to master passive voice.
1.6.1. Population and Sample
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sample of this research. I take out 15 % of the students from each class as the respondents in order to get an accurate conclusion of that test. As Arikunto (2002:112) says, “If the population consists of a large number, the sample can be taken from 10 % - 15 % or 20 % - 25% or more, it depends on the ability of researcher by considering time, energy, and fund”. So, 15 % of the students from each class are: 15/100 x 34 = 5 students. I will give lottery to each classes to pick five students to present their class.
The number of the students who will be the respondents are 6 classes x 5 students = 30 students. It means that the percentage of the sample is 30/200 x 100 % = 15 %. So, in conducting this research random sampling will be applied based on Gay (1984:104) states that random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample. Random sampling is presented by distributing and giving a paper to the students. The students who get the paper with the word “sample” become the respondents or sample.
1.7. Review of Related Literature
In doing this thesis, I use some books which related to the topic in supporting and making this thesis better. Some of them are mentioned as follows:
voice can be transformed to the Toba Batak Language especially in form, but in TBL passive voice can not be transformed into English (not all).
Anggiat (2006) in his thesis “A Study On The Passive Voice Mastery Of The Second Year Students At SMA KAMPUS Pematangsiantar”. After the writer analyzed the data, finally he interpreted that “ The second year students at SMA KAMPUS Pematangsiantar are able in mastering passive voice that is Simple Present Tense”. It is shown from the percentage of the students who can answer the correct test is 57,37 % or 17 students from 30 students, and the percentage of the students who faced the difficulties is 42,36 % or13 from 30 students.
Nuriyati (2000) in her thesis “A Contrastive Analysis of English and Bahasa Indonesia: Passive Voice”. She concluded that some correspondences in the structure of passive voice of the languages, including:
a). Passive sentences that the attention is to be drawn especially to be receiver of the action.
b). Eliminating the “by phrase” because “the doer” of an action is unimportant or is not known.
c). In the case of a direct and an indirect object, they become the subject in the passive voice.
d). In the case of using infinitives phrase object or with “that clause” objects. Some items that are said to be non-correspondences, including:
a). The use of personal pronoun 1st person.
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CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Sentence
Language is a group of sentences and a sentence consists of words. Swan (1995:396) states, “Sentence is a group of words that expresses a statement, command, question, and usually has at least one subject and verb”. Then George O. Curme says, “A sentence is an expression of thought or feeling by means of a word or words used in such form and manner as to convey the meaning intended”.
From those quotations above, it can be said that a sentence is a group of words and at least has one subject and predicate. A sentence is grammatically built the largest units of phrases or clauses which can be used to express statements, questions that can convey thought and feeling.
2.1.1. Sentences Elements
object of that sentence is “the radio”. Then, we can find that there are two kinds of object, such as direct object and indirect object.
Direct object is sentence element, which comes alone without the other kind of object in a sentence. Direct object is the special term usually applied to the meaning that undergoes the action.
Examples:
- Sinta called her brother. S V O (DO)
- My mother bought a doll yesterday. S V O (DO) Adv
Indirect object is the special term usually applied to the meaning, that to or for which an action is done or performed.
Examples:
- He gave me a bunch of flowers. S V IO DO
O
- Mrs. Luther will give John a new dictionary. S V IO DO
The direct object and indirect object may put together in a sentence. If it is, so the position of the two objects can be as follows:
a. The indirect object precedes the direct object. It means that indirect object comes first before the direct object. So grammatically the correct word order of the sentence structure we use, S + P (V) + IO + DO.
Example:
- The teacher gives the students some books. S V IO DO
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O - My father bought me a jacket. S V IO DO
O
b. The direct object precedes the indirect object or direct object comes first before the indirect object. And grammatically correct word order of the sentence structure is, S + P (V) + DO + IO.
Example:
- The teacher gives some books to the students. S V DO to IO - My father bought a jacket for me.
S V DO for IO
2.1.2. Classification of Sentences
2.1.2.1. Classification of sentences based on its type
Based on its type, sentences can be classified into declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory sentences. Clearly each of them will be discussed as follow:
1. Declarative Sentences
Declarative sentence is the sentence, which gives us some information. On the other word, they tell either positive or negative statement. The positive statements are called affirmative sentence (+), and the ones is negative sentence (-).
Examples:
- We are waiting for the bus.(+)
- The new secretary in that office is Marta.(+)
- Rini did not attend the meeting yesterday.(-)
- I am not studying Germany.(-)
2. Interrogative Sentence
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Examples:
- We are studying English (+)
Are we studying English ?
- They will go to Jakarta tomorrow (+)
Will they go to Jakarta tomorrow ?
The questions which preceded by “WH-questions such as what, where, who, whom, when, and how. Generally “WH-questions” is used to ask the subject or the object. To ask the object, the formula is: WH-questions (Q.W) + aux/to be + S +V + ....?
Example:
- They are watching television. (+) S to be V O
What are they watching ? QW to be S V
- Tina reads a book. (+) S V O
What does she read? QW aux S V
In asking the subject the formula used is WH-questions (Q.W) + aux/tobe + P (V) + O +....?. On the other word, the subjects is omitted.
Example:
- They are watching television (+) S to be V O
- Tina reads a book. (+) S V O
Who does read a book? QW aux V O
Note: A predicate of a sentence can consists of :verb or to be + verb. 3. Imperative Sentence
Only the predicate is expressed. The simple form of the use, regardless the person or things. The sentences are ended by an exclamation mark in writing and a drop in pitch. Examples:
- Shut the door!
- Clean the blackboard!
4. Exclamatory Sentences
They are begun with exclamatory phase consisting of “what” or “how” plus a part of predicate. The sentences is ended by an exclamation mark in writing and a stronger stress accompanied by a rise in pitch, expresses a surprised or emotion.
Examples:
- What a day!
- How beautiful she is!
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2.1.2.2. Classification of sentences based on the use of verbs
Azar (1987:282) states, “A transitive verb is a verb that is followed by an object”. Then, House and Susan (1950:94) stated that a transitive verb is an action or event involves another person or thing which the action affects or relates to.
Example: - He killed a snake
S V O - She ate rice
S V O
Whereas, Azar (1987: 282) states, “An intransitive verb is a verb that is not followed by an object. Then, House and Susan (1950:94) stated that an intransitive verb is an action or event which does not involve anyone or anything others than the subjet. Intransitive verbs can not be used in the passive voice.
Example: - An accident happened
S V - All babies cried
S V
whether the subject is acting or being acted upon”. From the two quotations above, it can be concluded that voice is the form of a verb, which can express the time of an occurance of the action.
Thomson and Martinet (1975:176) stated that the passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. When the subject of the verb represents the actor (agent), the voice is said as active voice.
Example:
- The man kicked a ball. (Active) S V O
And, when the subject receives or denotes the object to which the action is directed, the voice is said as passive voice.
Example:
- The man kicked a ball. (Active) S V O
- A ball was kicked a ball. (Passive) O tobe V S
Passive voice is the change of position of the sentence. It means that in the passive forming, there is a transformation process or shortly the passive voice is transformed from the active voice. Lado (1962:10) says:
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foundation on which all else is built. All the rest of the language can be most economically described as a series of changes hung on the kernel sentences as transformations of them. Thus, for example, the sentence “John saw Bill” is a kernel sentence. The following are all transformation of it,
1. Did John see Bill 2. John did not see Bill 3. John saw Bill
4. Bill was seen by John
5. Bill was not seen by John, etc”.
From the quotation above it can be said that a sentence can be transformed to another sentences. The transformational process is derived from the basic or kernel sentence. So, in forming the passive voice, it also occurs a transformational process that is from active to passive. And also from the quotation above, the transformation (4) and (5) are the passive voice, which is signed by a word “by” in it.
There are some steps in forming the passive voice, the steps are as follows: 1. Put object of the active in front of the passive voice.
(Object of the active becomes the subject of the passive)
2. Object of the passive becomes pronoun (i.e. personal pronoun as object).
3. Add “to be” in passive which is suitable with it tense.
4. Put the main verb of the active after auxiliary (to be) in the verb past participle form (V3).
Example: - They sent James to prison for two years (Active)
- James was sent to prison (by) them for two years (Passive)
From the example above, in a simple rule, the sentence in the active voice can be transformed to the passive voice in which the subject in the active becomes the object in the passive voice and object in active becomes subject in passive voice. The object of passive becomes personal pronoun as object that is them. The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active verb becomes the agent of the passive verb. The agent is very often to be mentioned, when it is mentioned, it precedes by “by” and placed at the end of the sentence.
So, generally the pattern or formula of the passive voice is as follows: 1. Positive Form
...1 O + to be + V3 + by + S (pronoun) + ....
2. Negative Form
...2 O + to be + not + V3 + by + S (pronoun) + ....
3. Interrogative Form
...3 ...4
Whereas there are direct and indirect objects in sentences as the example:”He gave me a bunch of flowers”. The direct object of that sentence is “a bunch of flower”
To be + O + V3 + by + S (pronoun) + ....
and indirect object is “me”. That sentence also can be made into passive voice. It becomes two passive forms, they are:
A bunch of flowers was given to me by her, and I was given a bunch of flowers by her.
So the general formula as follows:
DO + to be + V3 + IO + by + S (pronoun) + ... ...5 ...6 IO + to be + V3 + DO + by + S (pronoun) + ...
Table 2.1 The Passive Voice in Tense Auxiliary Tense Subject
Singular Plural
Past Participle
Simple Present The car/cars is are designed. Present continuous The car/cars is being are being designed. Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed. Simple Past The car/cars was were designed. Past continuous The car/cars was being were being designed. Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed. Simple Future The car/cars will be will be designed. Future continuous The car/cars will being will being designed. Future perfect The car/cars will have
been
will have
been designed.
2.2. Tense
According to House and Susan (1950:116), ”Tense is the form of a verb takes to indicate the time of the action or the state of being; as present, past, and future”.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. The Research Design
The design of this research is descriptive research. Gay (1984) stated that the descriptive research involves collecting data to answer questions.
3.2. The Population and Sample
In this research, the population for the research is the 2007/2008 second year students of SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar. The total number of the population is 200 students. They are in 6 classes : II TP1, II TP2 (Tehnik Mesin Perkakas), II ILD1, II ILD2 (Tehnik Instalasi Listrik Dasar), II KB1, II KB2 (Konstruksi Bangunan). The distribution of the research population is shown below.
Table 3.1. Distribution of Research Population No Class Number of Students
1 II TP1 33
2 IITP2 33
3 II ILD1 33
4 II ILD2 33
5 II KB1 34
6 II KB2 34
Considering that the number of the population is great enough and since there is the limitation time, energy, and fund, not all the students of the second year become the sample of this research. A sample is part of population, which was chosen to represent the population. For the efficiency and practically of the research, the second year students are chosen randomly to represent the population. There are six classes altogether and four classes consist of 33 and two classes are 34 students and the total number of the second year students is 200 students. So, the writer chooses 5 students from each class as the sample. It is presented by distributing or giving the paper to the students. The students who get the paper with the word “sample” become the respondents. The population has the same chance to be the member of sample. They are not classified on the basis of their grade of intelligence. Thus, there are 30 students as the respondents. The sample in this research is 15 %. As Arikunto (2002:112) says, “If the population consists of a large number, the sample can be taken from 10 % - 15 % or 20 % - 25% or more, it depends on the ability of researcher by considering time, energy, and fund.
In obtaining the sample, the writer of this thesis used random sampling technique. Considering what Gay (1984:104) says that random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representatives sample.
3.3. The Instrument of Collecting the Data
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test indicates the extent to which an individual has mastered the specific skill or body of information in formal learning situation”. By means of passive voice test the writer collected the data. The writer taken the material of the passive voice test from the textbook of SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar and from some exercises about passive voice in simple past tense that had been taught by their English teacher. The questions test consists of 30 items. They did it in 60 minutes. The students are required to choose one correct answer.
Blue Print of Instruments Types of Test Number of
Items
Number of each Items
Score of each Items
Passive voice in positive sentences as singular form
5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1
Passive voice in positive sentences as plural form
5 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 1
Passive voice in negative sentences as singular form
5 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 1
Passive voice in negative sentences as plural form
5 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 1
Passive voice in intterogative sentences with W-H questions
5 21. 22, 23, 24, 25 1
Passive Voice in intterogative sentences with yes-no
questions
3.4. Scoring the Test
In scoring the test given, the writer of this thesis determined the cummulative score from 0 – 100. To categorize the level of the students’ ability to master passive voice in simple past tense, the following scale is used:
The Score of Ability Category
80-100 Very good
60-79 Good
40-59 Average
20-39 Poor
0-19 Very poor
(Wayan and Sumartana, 1986:76) To know the students’ score in answering the test, the writer uses the following formula:
X =
100 N RWhere, X = individual score
R = the number of correct answer N = number of items
The percentage of the classification of the students in answering question can be calculated by using the following formula:
P =
100 r f24
Where, P = percentage
f = number of frequency
r = total number of respondents (Wayan and Sumantana, 1986)
3.5. The Validity and the Reliability of Test
3.5.1. The Validity of the Test
The validity of the questionnaire means to determine if it measures what is to intended to measure. According to Gay (1987: 198), “The validity of the questionnaire is probably not done more often because it is not easy and requires much additional time and effort. However, the appropriate validation procedure for a given questionnaire will depend upon the nature of the instrument”.
Based on the quotation above and also the explanation about the test before, I consider that the test is valid. In this research, I prepare the test that is not difficult and not too easy. I set the test that relates to the curriculum that the teachers use to teach the student in English grammar. So the validity of the test that was given to the 2007/2008 second year students is content validity because the items of the questions or the materials for the test were taken from the handbook or the books of second year students of SMK. It means that the instrument is valid.
3.5.2. The Reliability of the Test
produce consistent result when administered under different conditions. It means that if the score of the students are stable after applying it by different people or on different occasions then the test is considerable reliable. But if the score tends to fluctuate too much the test is unreliable.
So, to obtain the reliability of the test, she will use the following formula suggested by Wayan and Sumartana (1986:131):
r = 1 N
N
2
) (
1
NX m N m
Where, r = reliability
N = the number of items in the test
m = the mean score of the for all the students
X2= the standar deviation of all the students’ score
According to Arikunto (2002:245), the standard of reliability is: 0,00 - 0,40 = the reliabiity is low
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
2.2. Data Analysis
4.1.1. The Reliability of the Test
Wayan and Sumartana (1986:131) define that reliability is the extent to which a test produce consistent results when administered under similar conditions. To know the reliability of the test, we should find the mean score and the standard deviation of the test.
X = N
X
SD = N
1
} ) ( ) .
{(N
X2
X 2where, X = the mean score SD = standar deviation
X = the total of correct answer2
X = the quadrate of the total scoreN = the number of respondents
So, Mean Score: X = N X
= 30 2255 = 75,1= 75 (rounded)
Standar Deviation (SD): SD = N 1 } ) ( ) .
{(N
X2
X 2= 30 1 } ) 2255 ( ) 177465 . 30
{( 2
= 30 1 5085025 5323950 = 30 1 238925 = 30 79 , 488 = 16,2
= 16 (rounded) Reliability of the test:
= 29
30
) 43 , 0 (
1
= 1,03.0,57 = 0,58
= 0,6 (rounded)
From the calculation, it can be seen that the reliability of the test is significant, as Arikunto (2002:245) stated the standard of reliability is:
0,00 - 0,40 = the reliabiity is low
0,41 – 0,70 = the reliability is significant 0,71 – 0,90 = the reliability is high 0,91 – 1,00 = the reliability is very high
Tabel 4.1
The calculation of X and X2
NO Name X X2
1 Andy Mustaqim 90 8100
2 Anggiat S 63 3969
3 Arifin Sitorus 100 10000
4 Bayu Sugara 93 8649
5 Benny Y. S 56 3136
6 David H 60 3600
7 Debi Pranata 63 3969
8 Didi Fajar 76 5776
9 Doni Putra D 46 2116
10 Feri Irawan S 100 10000
11 Fisker T 43 1849
12 Harianto S 73 5329
13 Hasiholan M 66 4356
14 Heryanto H 86 7396
15 Ian Deficson 76 5776
16 Iksan Aiba 86 7396
17 Maniur S 43 1849
18 Marihot H 86 7396
19 Nur Iswandi 66 4356
20 Peterson 93 8649
21 Rikki Fernando 56 3136
22 Riko Sipayung 46 2116
23 Rinaldi Sitinjak 56 3136
24 Roy Ferianto 100 10000
25 Sudarto 96 9216
26 Suharno 73 5329
27 Syahri Ramadhan 96 9216
28 Syuyanto 93 8649
29 Winardi 70 4900
30 Yose Rizal 90 8100
4.1.2. The Presentation Of The Data Analysis
The result were analyzed to find out to what extend the students’ ability to master passive voive in simple past tense in positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.
[image:33.612.90.523.226.564.2]4.1.2.1. Students’ ability to master passive voice (mean score and percentage)
Tabel 4.2
Students’ score to master passive voice in positive sentences
No Student Numbers Correct answer for each students Number of items Score for each student (X) Frequency (f) fx 1 3,4,10,16,20,24 ,25,27
10 10 100 8 800
2 5,14,18,28 9 10 90 4 360
3 1,2,6,26,30 8 10 80 5 400
4 8,12,15,21,29 6 10 60 5 300
5 7,13,22 5 10 50 3 150
6 23 4 10 40 1 40
7 17,19 3 10 30 2 60
8 9,11 2 10 20 2 40
f = 30
fx= 2150To find the mean score of the students’ ability to master passive voice in positive sentences, I calculated by using the following formula.
=
f fx
X So,
= 30 2150
= 71,6
= 72 (rounded)
[image:34.612.90.519.350.541.2]Thus the mean score of the students is 72 that means they are categorized as having good ability.
Tabel 4.3
The percentage of the students to master passive voice in positive
sentences
Classification Level of Ability Range
Frequency Percentage (%)
Very good 80-100 17 57 %
Good 60-79 5 17 %
Average 40-59 4 13 %
Poor 20-39 4 13 %
Very poor 0-19 0 0 %
Total
30 100 %Tabel 4.4
Students’ score to master passive voice in negative sentences
No Student Numbers Correct answer for each students Number of items Score for each student (X) Frequenc y (f) fx 1 1,3,4,10,15,16, 20,24,25,26,27 ,28,30
10 10 100 13 1300
2 19,29 9 10 90 2 180
3 7,8,12,14 8 10 80 4 320
4 2,18,21,23 7 10 70 4 280
5 9,11,13,22 6 10 60 4 240
6 12 4 10 40 1 40
7 5,6 3 10 30 2 60
X= 30
fx = 2420The mean score of the students’ ability to master passive voice in negative sentences. =
f fx X = 30 2420 = 80,6 = 81(rounded)Thus the mean score of the students is 81 that means they are categorized as having as very good ability.
Tabel 4.5
The percentage of the students to master passive voice in negative
sentences
Classification Level of Ability Range
Frequency Percentage (%)
Very good 80-100 19 63 %
Good 60-79 8 27 %
Average 40-59 1 3 %
Poor 20-39 2 7 %
Very poor 0-19 0 0 %
Total
30 100Tabel 4.6
Students’ score to master passive voice in interrogative sentences
No Student Numbers Correct answer for each students Number of items Score for each student (X) Frequency (f) fx
1 3,10,18,24 10 10 100 4 400
2 1,8,13,14,2 5,27,28,30
9 10 90 8 720
3 4,12,19,20 8 10 80 4 320
4 15 7 10 70 1 70
5 7,9,16,17,2 3,29
6 10 60 6 360
6 5,11 5 10 50 2 100
7 2,6,21,26 4 10 40 4 40
8 22 3 10 30 1 30
X= 30
fx = 2040The mean score of the students’ ability to master passive voice in interrogative sentences. =
f fx X = 30 2040 = 68Thus the mean score of the students is 68 that means they are categorized as having as good ability.
Tabel 4.7
The percentage of the students to master passive voice in interrogative
sentences
Classification Level of Ability Range
Frequency Percentage (%)
Very good 80-100 16 53 %
Good 60-79 8 27 %
Average 40-59 5 17 %
Poor 20-39 1 3 %
Very poor 0-19 0 0 %
Total
30 100 %36
Tabel 4.8
The students’ score to master passive voice
NO Name A B C Total Score Classification
1 Andy Mustaqim 8 10 9 27 90 Very good
2 Anggiat S 8 7 4 19 63 Good
3 Arifin Sitorus 10 10 10 30 100 Very good
4 Bayu Sugara 10 10 8 28 93 Very good
5 Benny Y. S 9 3 5 17 56 Average
6 David H 8 3 7 18 60 Good
7 Debi Pranata 5 8 6 19 63 Good
8 Didi Fajar 6 8 9 23 76 Good
9 Doni Putra D 2 6 6 14 46 Average
10 Feri Irawan S 10 10 10 30 100 Very good
11 Fisker T 2 6 5 13 43 Average
12 Harianto S 6 8 8 22 73 Good
13 Hasiholan M 5 6 9 20 66 Good
14 Heryanto H 9 8 9 26 86 Very good
15 Ian Deficson 6 10 7 23 76 Good
16 Iksan Aiba 10 10 6 26 86 Very good
17 Maniur S 3 4 6 13 43 Average
18 Marihot H 9 7 10 26 86 Very good
19 Nur Iswandi 3 9 8 20 66 Good
20 Peterson 10 10 8 28 93 Very good
21 Rikki Fernando 6 7 4 17 56 Average
22 Riko Sipayung 5 6 3 14 46 Average
23 Rinaldi Sitinjak 4 7 6 17 56 Average 24 Roy Ferianto 10 10 10 30 100 Very good
25 Sudarto 10 10 9 29 96 Very good
26 Suharno 8 10 4 22 73 Good
27 Syahri R 10 10 9 29 96 Very good
28 Syuyanto 9 10 9 28 93 Very good
29 Winardi 6 9 6 21 70 Good
30 Yose Rizal 8 10 9 27 90 Very good
Total
215 242 219 676 22554.2. Data Interpretation
Tabel 4.9
The Interpretation of the data analysis
Classification Level of Ability Range
Frequency Percentage (%)
Very good 80-100 13 43,3 %
Good 60-79 10 33,3%
Average 40-59 7 23,3%
Poor 20-39 - -
Very poor 0-19 - -
Total
30 100 %Based on the description of the data above, there are 13 (43,3 %) have very good ability, 10 (33,3) students have good ability, and 7 (23,3 %) students have average ability. So, from the calculation of the data above it can be concluded that the most difficult category is to master passive voice in interrogative sentences which has mean score of the students’ ability is 68, while the easiest is to master passive voice in negative sentences that is 81.
38
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1.Conclusions
The objective of this thesis is to find out to what extend the second year students’ ability at SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar to master passive voice. Based on the result of research in chapter IV, I can get some conclusions as follows:
1. After analyzing the data, there are 13 (43,3 %) students have very high level, 10 (33,3 %) students have good level, and 7 (23,3 %) students have average level.
2. According to the data analysis, the mean score of the students’ ability to master passive voice in simple past tense in positive sentences is 72 which fall into good level, the mean score of the students’ ability to master passive voice in simple past tense in negative sentences is 81 which fall into very good level and the mean score of the students’ ability to master passive voice in simple past tense in interrogative sentences is 68 which falls into good level.
3. The number of total score of the whole students to master passive voice in simple past tense is 2255. It means that the mean score of the students is 75. It falls into good level.
from 30 students in average level and the rest of the students that is 10 (33,3 %) and 13 students (43,3 %) in good and very good level.
5.2.Suggestions
There are some suggestions for those who are interested in reading and writing, especially the readers, writers, and students:
1. Some of the students who are in average level should do more exercises and improve their knowledge about passive voice especially in simple past tense.
2. For the students who are master in passive voice in simple past tense should improve their knowledge about passive voice in different tenses.
3. I do hope this research will help the students in improving or knowing to what extend their ability to master passive voice.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ali, Mohammad. 1982. Penelitian Kependidikan Prosedur dan Strategi. Bandung: Penerbit Angkasa.
Anggiat. 2006. A Study On The Passive Voice Mastery Of The Second Year Students At SMA KAMPUS Pematangsiantar. Medan: Medan State University.
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1993. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.
Azar, Betty Schampfer. 1987. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Second Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Curme, George. O. 1873. English Grammar. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc. Djajasudarma. 1993. Metodologi Linguistik. Bandung: IKIP.
Fries, Charles Carpenter. 1957. The Structure of English. London: Longman, Green and Co. Ltd.
Gay, L. 1987. Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application. Ohio: Merrill.
Hajar, Ibnu. 1996. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif Dalam Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo.
Haris, David. P. 1969. Testing English as A Second Language. New York: MCGraw Hill,Inc. House, Homer. C and Susan E. Harman. 1950. English Grammar. New York: Prentice-Hall,
Inc.
Lado, Robert. 1964. Language Teaching, A scientific Approach. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
Nurkancana, Wayan and P. P. N. Sumartana. 1986. Evaluasi Pendidikan. Surabaya: Penerbit Usaha Nasional.
Siti. 2003. A Contrastive Analysis Between English And Toba Batak Language In Passive Voice. Medan: North Sumatera University.
Stein, Jess. 1962. The American College Dictionary. New York: Radonho Press. Sudjana. 1984. Edisi Kelima. Metode Statistika. Bandung: Tarsito.
Sweet, P. 1964. The Practical Study of Language. London: Oxford University Press.
Thomson, A. J and A. V. Martinet. 1970. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford: English Language Book Society and Oxford University Press.
appendix 1
Name : Class :
PASSIVE VOICE TEST
Hari/Tanggal : Selasa, 26 Februari 2008 Bidang studi : Bahasa Inggris
Sekolah : SMK Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar Kelas : XI
Waktu : 60 Menit Sifat ujian : Tutup buku
INSTRUCTION
1. Berilah tanda silang (X) pada salah satu jawaban yang benar dilembar jawaban yang telah disesuaikan.
2. Apabila ada jawaban yang ingin Anda perbaiki, coret dengan dua garis mendatar pada jawaban yang pertama, kemudian buat tanda silang (X) pada jawaban.
Contoh : Pilihan pertama a b c d e Dibenarkan a b c d e
1. Someone stole my pencil case.
a. My pencil case were stolen by someone. b. My pencil case was not stolen by someone. c. My pencil case was stolen by someone. d. My pencil case were not stolen by someone.
2. The women used silk to make this clothes.
a. Silk was used by the women to make this clothes. b. Silk were used by the women to make this clothes. c. Silk were using by the women to make this clothes. d. Silk was use by the women to make this clothes.
3. The ticket seller gave each of them a card.
a. A card was giving to each of them by the ticket seller. b. A card was given to each of them by the ticket seller. c. A card were given to each of them by the ticket seller. d. A card were giving to each of them by the ticket seller.
4. The gardener cut the mango tree yesterday.
a. The mango tree were cut by the gardener yesterday. b. The mango tree were cutting by the gardener yesterday. c. The mango tree was cutting by the gardener yesterday. d. The mango tree was cut by the gardener yesterday.
5. Somebody dropped a wallet just now.
a.
A wallet was drop by somebody just now.b.
A wallet was dropped by somebody just now.c.
A wallet were drop by somebody just now.d.
A wallet were dropped by somebody just now.6. The sales people imported these mushrooms from Japan.
b. These mushrooms were imported by the sales people from Japan. c. These mushrooms was importing by the sales people from Japan. d. These mushrooms was imported by the sales people from Japan.
7. They did the homeworks last night.
a. The homeworks were doing by them last night. b. The homeworks were did by them last night. c. The homeworks were done by them last night. d. The homeworks was done by them last night.
8. She asked me some guestions.
a. Some questions were asked to me by her. b. Some questions were asking to me by her. c. Some questions was asked o me by her. d. Some questions was asking to me by her.
9. Ratih told me some stories.
a. Some stories were telling to me by her. b. Some stories were told to me by her. c. Some stories was telling to me by her. d. Some stories was told to me by her.
10. Mrs. Larry chaired three meetings yesterday.
a. Three meetings were chaired by Mrs. Larry yesterday. b. Three meetings were chairing by Mrs. Larry yesterday. c. Three meetings was chaired by Mrs. Larry yesterday. d. Three meetings were chair by Mrs. Larry yesterday.
11. Salim did not steal the bicycle.
12. Mary did not hit Rahma. a. Rahma was hit by Mary. b. Rahma were hit by Mary. c. Rahma was not hit by Mary. d. Rahma was hitting by Mary.
13. Our school debating team did not win the challenge trophy. a. The challenge throphy was won by our school debating team. b. The challenge throphy was not won by our school debating team. c. The challenge throphy was not winning by our school debating team. d. The challenge throphy were won by our school debating team.
14. The servant did not wash the toilet. a. The toilet was wash by the servant. b. The toilet were washing by the servant. c. The toilet was not washed by the servant. d. The toilet was washed by the servant.
15. The sales girl did not sell a bottle of parfume.
a. A bottle of parfume was not selling by the sales girl. b. A bottle of parfume were not selling by the sales girl. c. A bottle of parfume was sold by the sales girl.
d. A bottle of parfume was not sold by the sales girl.
16. The teacher did not ask the students to do the homeworks.
a. The students were not asking by the teacher to do the homeworks. b. The students were not asked by the teacher to do the homeworks. c. The students was not asked by the teacher to do the homeworks. d. The students was not asking by the teacher to do the homeworks.
17. She did not water the flowers.
c. The flowers was watered by her. d. The flowers was not watered by her.
18. He did not place the spoilt washing machines in the store room.
a. The spoilt washing machines were placed by him in the store room. b. The spoilt washing machines were placing by him in the store room. c. The spoilt washing machines was placed by him in the store room. d. The spoilt washing machines were not placed by him in the store room.
19. They did not finished the projects. a. The projects was finished by them. b. The projects were not finished by them. c. The projects were finished by them. d. The projects was not finished by them.
20. The waiters did not serve the guests politely.
a. The guests were not served by the waiters politely. b. The guests were not serving by the waiters politely. c. The guests was not served by the waiters politely. d. The guests was not serving by the waiters politely.
21. What did mother do?
a. What were did by mother? b. What were done by mother? c. What was done by mother? d. What was did by mother?
22. Who did Rahma hit?
23. What did Ratna do?
a. What was doing by Ratna? b. What were doing by Ratna? c. What was done by Ratna? d. What was did by Ratna?
24. Why did he cancel the meeting?
a. Why was the meeting cancelled by him ? b. Why were the meeting cancelled by him? c. Why were the meeting cancelling by him? d. Why was the meeting cancelling by him?
25. Where did the electricians repair the lamp post?
a. Where was the lamp post repaired by the electricians? b. Where were the lamp post repaired by the electricians? c. Where was the lamp post repair by the electricians? d. Where were the lamp post repair by the electricians?
26. Did they take these pictures?
a. Was these pictures took by them? b. Were these pictures took by them? c. Were these pictures taken by them? d. Was these pictures taken by them?
27. Did William Golding write the novel “ Lord Of The Flies”?
a. Was the novel “Lord Of The Flies” written by William Golding? b. Were the novel “Lord Of The Flies” written by William Golding? c. Were the novel “Lord Of The Flies” writing by William Golding? d. Was the novel “Lord Of The Flies” writing by William Golding?
28. Did Rani hit Rahma?
c. Was Rahma hit by Rani? d. Were Rani hit by Rahma?
29. Did the farmer plant some vegetables in his garden?
a. Were some vegetables planted by the farmer in his garden? b. Was some vegetables planted by the farmer in his garden? c. Was some vegetables planting by the farmer in his garden? d. Were some vegetables plant by the farmer in his garden?
30. Did his uncle teach mathematics?
a. Was mathemathics teaching by his uncle? b. Was mathemathics taught by his uncle? c. Was mathemathics been taught by his uncle? d. Were mathemathics taught by his uncle?
*GOOD LUCK*
appendix 2
ANSWER KEY
1. C 11. A 21. C
2. A 12. C 22. A
3. B 13. B 23. C
4. D 14. C 24. A
5. B 15. D 25. A
6. B 16. B 26. C
7. C 17. B 27. A
8. A 18. D 28. C
9. B 19. B 29. A
