Effectiveness of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
2B4 as Biocontrol to
Prevent
Salmonella enteritidis
Infection on Laying Hens
Niken Ulupi1, Irma Isnafia Arief1,*, Bram Brahmantiyo2 & Kharisma Eka Riwayati1
1Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia, *Email: irma_isnafia@yahoo.com
2Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor,
Jl.Veteran III, Banjarwaru PO Box 221, Bogor 16002, Indonesia
Abstract
Laying hen is raised and selected to produce eggs. Poultry could be infected by several kinds of Salmonella enterica such as S. enteritidis as a specific bacterium which is carried by chickens. Salmonella enteritidis can depress the hen weight by dehydration and contaminate the egg which is very dangerous for human health. Regarding this negative effect, the preventive treatment to eliminate Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs becomes a major concern. This research aimed to determine the optimum dosage and frequency applied of probiotic L.acidophilus to avoid contamination of Salmonella enteritidis in ovary and egg of laying hens. The result showed that probiotic treatment could increase feed consumption, egg production, however, in the other hand decreased the feed conversion. Among other, probiotic treatment was effective to reduce the population of Salmonella enteritidis in ovary and egg of laying hens. The optimum dosage of L.acidophilus probiotic was within population of 109 cfu/ml and frequency of twice a day was the most effective as biocontrol.
Key words: L. acidophilus, laying hen, probiotic, Salmonella enteritidis
Introducton
Bosecurty va bocontrol s needed to apply n layer chcken farms as preventve effort.
Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 has been proven as probotc (Aref, 2011). Ths stran could nhbt the growth of S. enteritidis solated from the ovary of layng hen by n vtro analyss (Ulup et al., 2009). Applcaton of probotc L. acidophilus 2B4 as a bocontrol agent for the preventon of contamnaton of eggs by S. enteritidis
transovaran s very necessary, especally n layng hens. The am of ths research was to fnd out the dosage and frequency of probotc L. acidophilus 2B4 treatment to prevent contamnaton of S. enteritidis n ovarum and egg of layer hen
Materals and Methods
Sxty layer hens were dvded nto 4 Treatments. Treatment 1 (R1) was layng hens wthout oral admnstraton of L. acidophilus 2B4 and S. enteritidis
(as control). R2 was layng hens wthout L. acidophilus 2B4, but were nfected by S. enteritidis. R3 was layng hens admnstered of L. acidophilus 2B4 once per day (dosage 1 x109 cfu/ml) and were nfected by S. enteritidis. R4 was layng hens
wth oral admnstraton twce per day (dosage 2 x109 cfu/ml) and were nfected by S. enteritidis.L. acidophilus 2B4 was gven va drnkng water for 20 days, and S. enteritidis was gven by oral admnstraton for 5 days (day 5-day 9). Each treatment conssted of 15 layng hens. , A total of 3 hens of each treatment were slaughtered for parameters evaluaton. n day 5, 10, 15 and 20.
Parameters observed were performances of layer hens and Salmonella con-tamnaton on ovarum and eggs. Analyss of Salmonella concon-tamnaton was done by qualtatve analyss accordng to BAM (2007). The samples were ncubated on selectve meda on Lysne Desoxycholate xylose meda (XLD) Agar, Hectoen Eterc Agar (HEA), and Bsmuth sulfte agar (BSA). These three selectve meda were ncubated at 35 ± 2 °C for 24 ± 2 hours. After ncubaton typcally appearance was observed whether there was a growng colony. The analyss followed the bochem-cal tests usng trple sugar early Iron (TSI) and Lysne Iron Agar (LIA) n talcs. Typcal colones that grew on the three specfc medas XLD Agar, HE agar and BS. Each loop was noculated usng a sterle needle on TSI agar and LIA agar.
The expermental was completely random desgned wth 3 replcatons. Data were analyzed usng ANOVA and then further subjected to Tukey test (Steel and Torre, 1995) f there were any dfferences.
Results and Dscusson
Performance of layer hens
Probotc treatment affected the amount of feed ntake. R4 treatment ndcated more effcent than other treatments. There was a dfference between R2 and R4 treatments. Egg producton of R4 was hghest than the others. Ths was presumably because use of feed consumed by chckens R2 to mprove declned condton due to the admnstraton of Salmonella enteritidis. Whle at R2 and R4 the mproved functon of the body condton has been taken over by the probotc L. acidophilus
2B4. R4 was better than R3. It meant that probotc gven twce per day was more effectve to enhance performance than R2.
Based on the weght of eggs, there were not sgnfcant dfferences n all treat-ments. Ths fndng was consstent wth the Indonesan Natonal Standard (1995) whch states the crtera and the weght of eggs for egg consumpton are extra large (more than 60 grams), large (55-60 g), moderate (51-59 grams), small ( 45-50 grams), and extra small (less than 46 grams). Vscosty of the albumn can be characterzed by hgher albumn (Srat, 1986). The hgh albumn s used to determne the value of Haugh Unts of eggs. The hgher Haugh Unt value ndcates the hgher qualty of the eggs (Sudaryan, 2000). Haugh Unt values of ths treatment were more than 90 for each treatment, therefore, Haugh Unt value of each treatment was categorzed nto AA (USDA, 1964). Salmonella contamnaton on ovarum and egg of layer hens was descrbed n Table 2.
At day-5, addton of probotc L. acidophilus 2B4 could decrease Salmonella
n layer hens (R3 and R4). After nfecton of S. enteritidis by oral admnstraton at day 5-9, Salmonella could also be decreased by addton of L. acidophilus 2B4 twce per day. R4 was better than R2 and R3. S. enteritidis s nvason bacterum that nvades from gastrontestnal tract to blood and reach ovarum. After Salmonella nvason, addton of probotc L. acidophilus 2B4 twce per day (R4) could reduce Salmonella on ovarum at day-20. It was better than addton of probotc only once per day (R3). Admnstraton of probotcs enhances ntestnal antbodes to alen antgens, and reduce colonzaton of pathogens n gastrontestnal tract (Haghgh et al. 2006).
Table 1. Performance of layer hens
Performance R1 R2 R3 R4
Feed consumpton (g/hen/day) 111.81a 112.80a 118.29b 118.54b Egg producton (%) 67.64a 70.31a 75.91b 81.97c
Egg weght (g/egg) 59.43 58.89 59.57 59.58
Feed converson 3.34a 3.48a 3.36a 2.72b
Mortalty 0 0 0 0
Haugh Unt (HU) 96.40(AA) 94.00(AA) 94.59(AA) 95.30(AA)
Admnstraton of probotc L.acidophilus 2B4 could reduce Salmonella con-tamnaton on egg after nfecton S. enteritidis on day-10. Adddton of L. acidophi-lus 2B4 twce per day (R4) was better than once per day (R3). There was correlaton between Salmonella contamnaton on ovarum and egg. That proved that Salmo-nella nvason could be spred by vertcal contamnaton from ovarum to egg.
Conclusons
Admnstraton of probotc L. acidophilus 2B4 could ncrease feed consump-ton and egg producconsump-ton of layer hens whch was contamnated by S. enteritidis. Ad-mnstraton of L. acidophilus 2B4 twce per day was more effectve than once per day for 20 days treatments to reduce feed converson. L. acidophilus 2B4 also could reduce Salmonella contamnaton on egg and ovarum. It proved that L. acidophilus
2B4 was effectve used as bocontrol to prevent Salmonella enteritidis nfecton on layng hens
Acknowledgement
Ths research was funded by Drectorate General of Hgher Educaton (DIKTI) Republc of Indonesa by Natonal Strategc Research Grant 2010.
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Bo-Table 2. Salmonella nfecton on ovarum and egg
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