Kinetika Dextrinisasi Pati Sagu (Metroxylon sp.) pada Pembuatan Dextrin secara Kering

(1)

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ALLAHMU

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8044

TUHAN

ALLAHMU

C U l a n g a n

f

7:

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KUPERSEMBAHKAN BUAT

BAPA

DAN

IBU TERCINTA,

(2)

KINETI KA DEXTRlNlSASI

PAT!

SAGU

(

Metroxylon sp.

)

PADA PEMBUATAW DEXTWlN

SEGARA KERlNG

Oleh

FRANSlSKA SEPTl

F

24. 0390

1 9 9 2

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

INSTITUT PERTAWIAN BOGOR

(3)

Fransiska S e p t i .

F 24

0390.

Kinetika

D e x t r i n i s a s i

P a t i

Sagu

CMetroxylon. sp> pada Pembuatan Dextrin Secara Kering.

Di

bawah

bimbingan Prof. Dr. Soewarno

T.

S.

dan I r .

M Arpah,

AER.

Ri

ngkasan

D a l a n i p e n e l i t i a n i n i , k i n e t i k a d e x t r i n i s a s i p a t i s a g u

d i p e l a j a r i b e r d a s a r k a n p a t a n k o n r a s i d e x t r i n d a n

b e r d a s a r k a n p e n u r u n a n k o n s

n

m e m a n a s k a n p a t i s a g u p a d a t i g a t a r a f s u h u p i t u 9 0 ° c , 1 0 0 ~ ~ d a n 1 1 0 ~ ~ .

D a r i p e n g u k u r a n l a j u p e n u r u n a n k o n s e n t r a s i p a t i d a n l a j u

p e n i n g k a t a n k o n s e n t r a s i d e x t r i n , d i h e t a h u i b a h w a k e d u a n y a

n i e n u n j u k k a n r e a k s i k i n e t i k a o r d e s a t u . S e d a n g k a n k e r u s a k a n

g r a n u l a p a t i s e l a m a p r o s e s d e x t r i n i s a s i , d i a n ~ a t i s e c a r a

n i i k r o s k o p i s t e r h a t l n p s i f a t

birefringent.

K e r u s a k a n g r a n u l a p a t i t e r j a d i d i t a n d a i d e n g a n a d a n y a

k e r e t a k a n , g a r i s k o n t r a s y a n g t i d a k r a t a , h i l a n g n y a k o n t r a s d a n

t e r b e n t u k n y a g a r i s - g a r i s y a n g n l e l i n g k a r i h i l u n t y a n g l e b i h j e l a s .

P o l a r e a k s i d e x t r i n i s a s i y a n g d i p e r o l e h , m e n u n j u k k a n a d a n y a

d u a t a h a p r e a k s i y a i t u f a s e l a m b a t d a n f a s e c e p a t . B e r d a s a r k a n

p e n u r u n a n k o n s e n t r a s i p a t i , p e r a l i l ~ a n f a s e l a m b a t k e f a s e c e p a t

t e r j a d i p a d a d a e r a h k a d a r p a t i 9 0 % . S e d a n g k a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e n i n g k a t a n k o n s e n t r a s i d e x t r i n , p e r a l i h a n f a s e l a m b o t k e f a s e ,

c e p a t t e r j a d i p a d a d a e r a h k a d a r d e x t r i n 3 0 96.

B e r d a s a r k a n p e n u r u n a n k o n s e n t r a s i p a t i j u g a c l i k e t a h u i b a h w a

(4)

c e p a t d a r i p a d a l a j n r e a k s i d i f a s e l a m b a t . S e d a n g k a n

h e r r l n s i ~ r l c a n p e n i n g k a t a n k o n s e n t r a s i d e x t r i n . , l a j u r e n k s i cli E a s e

c e p a t b e r l a n g s u n g 2 s a m p a i 5 k a l i l e b i h c e p a t d a r i p a d a l a j u

p e ~ k s i d i f a s e l ? ~ m h a t .

S e l a m a p r o s e s d e x t r i n i s a s i , s u h u r e a k s i m e n l p e n g a r u h i l a j u

r e a l i s i , c l i l s n n a ~ e i l i n g k i ~ l : a n s u h o a k a n n i e n i n g k a t k a n l a j u r e a k s i

D a r i a n a l i s a b e r d a s a r k a n r u n t i . ~ s A r r h e r l i u s , d i p e r o l e h

k e t e t a p a n E a p a d a t a h a g I y a i t u b e r d ~ s a r k a n p e n u r u n e i n

k o n s e n t r a s i p a t i s e b e s a r 1 9 1 1 9 . 9 6 K : a l / m o l / n i n t d a n h e r d a s a r k a n

p e r l i n g k i l t a n k o n s e i i t r a s i d e x t r i n s ~ : ! h e s a r 2 1 1 3 7 . 1 0 K a l / s o l / ~ ~ r t l t . S e r t i l d i p e r o l e h p u l a k e t e t a p a n E R p a d a t a h a p 1 1 , y a i

t

iu

b ~ r c l n s a r k a n ent ti run an k u n s e n t r a s i U.

.

,I

,:

.l s e b c s a r 1 5 9 3 8 . 1 5

K a l ! m o l / m n t (Ian h e r d a s a r k a n p e n i n g k a t a n k o n s e n t r a s i d e x t r i n

s e b e s a r 1 0 4 4 d . ₉₇ _{I l i ' n ~ l / i . Dr:rlgan} _{d i i 1 e r u l e 2 1 n y a lcet:c:tnr.~ail} _{E n}

t e r s e h u t , m a k a r l i l a i k p a d a b e r h a g a i s u h u d a p a t d i t e n t u k a n d a n

I c e m o d i a n d a p a t c l i g u n a k i i n 1111t.~1k p e r l i i t u i i g a n l a m a p r o s e s u n t u i i

(5)

P e n u l i s y a k i n s k r i p s i i n i m a s i h j a u h d a r i s e m p u r n a , o l e h

s e b a b i t u k r i t i k d a n s a r a n m e m b a n g u n p e n u l i s t e r i m a d e n g a n

(6)

KATA PENGANTAR

DAFTAR IS1

. . .

H a l a m a n

. .

i

. . .

D A F T A R TABEL

iv

. . .

DAFTAR GAMBAR

vi

. . .

D A F T A R L A M P I R A N

Vil

I

.

PENDAHULUAN

. . .

1

. . .

I1

.

T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A

. . .

.

:

3

A

.

PAT1 S A G U

. . .

3

B

.

D E X T R I N

. . .

9

c

.

KINETIKA R E A K S I

. . .

25

I11

.

BAHAN D A N METODA

. . .

32

A

.

PENDEKATAN

. . .

32

B

.

BAHAN D A N A L A T

. . .

77

C

.

METODA P E N E L I T I A N

. . .

40

D

.

M E T O D A A N A L I S A

. . .

46

IV

.

HASIL D A N P E M B A H A S A N

. . .

55

A

.

BAHAN M E N T A H

. . .

55

B

.

P E R U B A H A N STRUKTUR GRANULA

S E L A M A P E M A N A S A N

. . .

59

C

.

. . .

70

D

.

ENERGI K I N E T I K A

. . .

8 6

V

.

KESIMPULAN

. . .

91

. . .

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Tabel

8 .

DAFTAR TABEL

Halan~an

P e r k i r a a n potensi produksi sagu

di I n d o n e s i a

. . .

5

Komposisi k i m i a tepung sagu

untuk s e t i a p

1 0 0

gram

. . .

8.

Sifat-sifat n~utu

pirodextrin

. . .

23

. . .

D a t a impor destrin Indonesia

24

Analisa t e p u n g sagu cuci nienurut beberapa

sumber dalam persen basis

basah

. . .

5

6

Analisa t e p u n g sagu cuci yang telah

mengandung HC1 dalam persen basis

basah

. . .

5

8

Tingkat k e r u s a k a n granula

s e l a m a dextrinisasi

. . .

6

5

Persamaan regresi dan nilai

korelasi tingkat kerusakan granula pati

selania dextrinisasi

. . .

67

Ukuran g r a n u l a kecil selanta destrinisasi

. . .

6

9

Nilai k o n s e n t r a s i pati sagu

[ P I

. . .

71

Nilai l o g konsentrasi pati sagu (log P )

. . .

s e l a m a destrinisasi

7 3

Nilai k o n s t a n t a laju reaksi

( k )

hidrolisa pati s a g u selama destrinisasi

. . .

7

Nilai k o n s e n t r a s i dextrin

[image:7.510.20.470.92.709.2]

(8)

T a b e l

14.

N i l a i l o g k o n s e n t r a s i d e x t r i n (lod

D )

s e l a a a d e x t r i n i s a s i

. . .

81

T a b e l

1 5 .

N i l a i k o n s t a n t a l a j u r e a k s i (k)

. . .

p e m b e n t u k a n d e x t r i n s e l a m a d e x t r i n i s a s i

86

T a b e l

16.

L n k o n s t a n t a l a j u r e a k s i b e r d a s a r k a n

p e n u r u n a n k o n s e n t r a s s i pati s a g u

s e l a m a d e x t r i n i s a s i

. . .

T a b e l

17.

p e n i n g k a t a n k o n s e n t r a s i d e x t r i n

s e l a m a dextr'inisasi

. . .

T a b e l

1 8 .

K e t e r g a n t u n g a n n i l a i k o n s t a n t a

l a j u r e a k s i d e x t r i n i s a s i p a t i s a g u

[image:8.505.34.480.70.454.2]

(9)

[image:9.510.26.468.106.700.2] [image:9.510.51.465.110.699.2]

DAFTAR GAMBAB

Gambar

? .

Gambar

2 .

Gambar

3.

Gambar

4 .

Gambar

5.

Gambar

6 .

Gambar

7.

Gambar

8.

Gambar 1 0 .

Gambar 1 1

.

Halaman

...

P e t a a r e a l s a p u d i I n d o n e s i a

6

...

S t r u k t u r a m i ~ o s a

d a n a m i l o p e k t i n

7

I i u r v a s p e s i f i k k o n v e r s i d e x t r i n k u n i n g

d a r i k e n t a n g p a d a p e m b u a t a n d e x t r i n

...

s e c a r a k e r r i l g

17

F r o s e s r e v e r s i s e l a m a d e x t r i n i s a s i

...

1 8

P r o s e s t r a n s g l u k o s l l a s i s e l a n a

d e x t r i n i s a s i

...

21

Hubungan l i n i e r a n t a r a k o n s e n t r a s i

p e r e a k s i d e n g a n c a k t u

( 6 )

p a d a

r e a k s i o r d e n o 1

...

27

Hubungan l i n i e r a n t a r a n i l a i l o g

A

...

d s n g a n wa.ktu p a d a r e a k s i o r d e s a t u

2 8

Eubunga.n l i n i e r a n t a r a 1/A d e z g a n

w a k t u

( 8 )

p a d a r e a k s i o r d e d u a

...

30

Hubungan Ln k o n s t a n t a l a j u r e a k s i

...

d e n g a n s u h u p a d a p l o t d r r h e n i u s

31

Eubungan l i n i e r a n t a r a n i l a o l o g

P

d e n g a n wa.ktu d e x t r i n i s a s l

( 8 )

p a d a

r e a ~ s l

o r d e s a t u

...

34

Eubungan l i n i e r a n t a . r a n i l a i Log

D

d e n g a u w a k t u d e x t r i n i s a s i

( 9 )

p a d a

r e a x s i o r d e s a t u

...

37

(10)

tiambar 1 3 .

Gambar 1 4 .

[image:10.510.31.478.64.696.2]

Gambar 1 5 .

Gambar

1 6 .

Gambar

18.

Gambar

1 9 .

G a n b a r 20.

Gambar 21

.

Gambar 22.

Gambar 23.

Gambar 24.

Tahap p r o s e s pembuatan d e x t r i n

...

41

G r a n u l a p a t i u t u h a t a u a l a n i

,...

61

K e r u s a k a n g r a n u l a p a t i p a d a pemanasan

1 0 0 ~ ~

s e l a s a 1 8 m e n i t

.

. . .

.

. .

.

. . . .

62

K e r u s a k a n g r a n u l a p a t i p a d a p e n a n a s a n

0

1 1 0

C

s e l a m a 1 2 m e n i t

...

0 2

K e r u s a k r n g r a n u l a p a t i p a d a pernana.san

0

110

u

s e l a m a 40 m e n i t

...

64

0

1 0 0

C

s e l a n a 3 0 m e n i t

...

65

r3 i

l n g k a t

-

k e r u s a k a n g r a . n u l a s e l a m a

d e x t r l ~ l i s a s i

. . .

. .

.

. .

.

. . .

.

6 6

Hubungan a n t a r s l o g k o n s e n t r a s i p a t i

d e n g a n w a k t u d e x t r i n i s a s i p z d a r e a k s i

k i n e t i k a o r d e

s a t u

...

7 2

Diagram e n e r g i d a r i r e a k s i d u a c a h a p

....

76

Kurva s t a c d a r d e x t r i n

...

79

Eubungan a n t a r a l o g k o n s e n t r a s i

d e x t r i n d e n g a n i < a k t u d e x t r i n i s a s l p a d a

0

s u h u 90

L ,

1 0 0 ~ ~

d a n

1

l o O c

.

. . .

.

. .

.

. . .

8 2

Hubungan a n t a r a l o g k o n s e n t r a s l p a t i ,

l o g k o n s e n t r a s i d e x t r i n d a n t l n g k a t

k e r u s a k a n g r a n u l a t e r h a d a p waktu

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4

-

&u

-

4

-Bcyi

TUHAN

ALLAHMU

M

u

&u

&&a.

i'dang &

cu.mAow

&u

owu&u

yuzg

8 u h 4

;

4eSaa

derruPwut

. .

a.d&&

*-

8044

TUHAN

ALLAHMU

C U l a n g a n

f

7:

1

>

KUPERSEMBAHKAN BUAT

BAPA

DAN

IBU TERCINTA,

(118)

KINETI KA DEXTRlNlSASI

PAT!

SAGU

(

Metroxylon sp.

)

PADA PEMBUATAW DEXTWlN

SEGARA KERlNG

Oleh

FRANSlSKA SEPTl

F

24. 0390

1 9 9 2

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

INSTITUT PERTAWIAN BOGOR

(119)