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b latan yang sedia ada menggunakan apilkas ikonsep yang sama . k u t n u a y n n a n a s e k r e b e k n a d s a u l g n a y n a s a w a k n a a n u g e k i g a b t a u b i d k u t n e b a k e R a m a s r e b g n a l a l u a t a t u p m u r t u b a c n e
ii i v T C A R T S B A e v a h s d e e w s a h c u s s t n a l p d e t n a w n
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t ilshed roo t
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c rsomeand itmeconsuming.
e r a e r e h T . d l e if r e h t o y n a n o e r u tl u c ir g a n i s s e l e s u s a w s s a r g d e t n a w n U e r u t c u rt s l a c i s y h p n w o r i e h t e v a h t i f o h c a e d n a s s a r g f o s e i c e p s d n a s e p y t y n a m h t n i r e t s a f y l p it l u m d n a w o r g n a c s s a r g d e t n a w n u e h T . s e i c e p s r i e h t n o e s a b e e r e w m s i n a h c e m r e ll u p s s a r g A . t n e m n o ri v n e e h t o t t c e f f e n a g n ir b e m it e m a s e m a s e h t g n i s u y b l o o t m e t s e v o m e r y ll a u n a m d n a t n e t a p e h t n o e s a b p o l e v e d s s a r g e h t y l n o t o n e v o m e r n a c d n a e c a p s r e d i w a n i e s u r o f n g i s e d e h T . t p e c n o c s e c c u s m e t s e h t o s l a t u
x i
T N E T N O C
R E T P A H
C TOPIC PAGE
N O I T A R A L C E
D i v
N O I T A C I D E
D v
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A v i
K A R T S B
A v ii
T C A R T S B
A v iii
T N E T N O
C i x
E R U G I F F O T S I
L x ii
E L B A T F O T S I
L x iv
F O T S I
L APPENDIX x v
1 INTRODUCTION 1
.
1 Background 1
2 .
1 ProblemStatement 2
3 .
1 Objecitves 3
4 .
1 Scope 3
2 LITERATURERIVIEW 1
.
2 Grass: ImperataCyilnd irca 7 2
.
2 Gras sphysica lcharacte irsitc 9 3
.
2 Simlia rProduct :LawnMower 1 1 4
.
2 Simlia rProduc t :Hoe 1 3 5
.
2 Simlia rProduc t :Culitvator 1 5 6
.
2 Paten tAnalysis :WeedPlucker 1 7 7
.
x
3 METHADOLOGY 1
.
3 Inrtoduciton 2 0
.
3 11 . Deifning 2 1
2 . 1 .
3 Locate 2 2
3 . 1 .
3 Seleciton 2 2
4 . 1 .
3 Organize 2 3
.
3 51 . Present 2 4
6 . 1 .
3 Evaluate 2 4
2 .
3 IdentfiyingCustome rNeeds 2 5 .
3 12 . Gatherr awdata 2 5
2 . 2 .
3 Interpre tRawdata 2 6
.
3 32 . Organizet heneeds 2 7 4
. 2 .
3 Estabilshedimpo tran to fneeds 2 8 .
3 52 . Relfec toft her esutl 2 9
4 DESIGNDEVELOPMENT 1
.
4 Conceptua ldesign 3 1
2 .
4 Concep tgeneraiton 3 2
3 .
4 Concepts creening 3 4
4 .
4 Designs oluiton 36
5 .
4 Designexpeirment 3 7
5 DETAILDESIGN 1
.
5 DesignPatr 4 0
5 2. Mechanica lSeciton 4 0 1
. 2 .
5 Par t01MainSha tf 4 1
2 . 2 .
5 Par t02TubeRod 42
3 . 2 .
5 Par t03 Hinge 43
4 . 2 .
5 Par t04 BigClamp 43
5 . 2 .
5 Par t05Smal lClamp 44 3
.
5 Mechanica lOperated 45
4 .
5 PenumaitcSeciton 48
5 .
i x
6 RESULTANDDISCUSSION 1
.
6 Designcalculaiton 55
2 .
6 PenumaitcSeciton 5 8
7 CONCLUSION 1
.
7 Conclusion 6 1
2 .
7 Reccomendaiton 6 2
S E C N E R E F E
ii x
E R U G I F F O T S I L
O
N TITLE PAGE
1 . 2 e r u g i
F GrassI mperataCy ilnd ircat ype 4 2
. 2 e r u g i
F Basicphysica lcharacte irsitc. 6 3
. 2 e r u g i
F Roo tofgrass. 7
4 . 2 e r u g i
F Rhizomer oo tharps ide 7
5 . 2 e r u g i
F Rootf o rdfiferents pecies 8 6
. 2 e r u g i
F Plan tbasepatrs 9
7 . 2 e r u g i
F Spreadoutl ea fandt hatcharoundbase. 9 8
. 2 e r u g i
F Plan tbasef o rdfiferents pecies 1 0 9
. 2 e r u g i
F Yardmachinel awnmower 1 1
0 1 . 2 e r u g i
F Lawnmower 1 2
2 1 . 2 e r u g i
F SquareBladedHo e 1 3
1 1 . 2 e r u g i
F GardenHoeblade 1 4
2 1 . 2 e r u g i
F Kerne rKome tGrubber 1 5
3 1 . 2 e r u g i
F Kipp lfoughCulitvator 1 6
4 1 . 2 e r u g i
F WeedPlucker 1 7
1 . 2 e r u g i
F 5 Howt ouseWeedPlucker 1 7
5 1 . 2 h a j a
R HandWeed 1 8
1 . 3 e r u g i
F Ltieraturer eviews tepprocess 1 9 2
. 3 e r u g i
F Sourcel ocated 2 1
1 . 4 e r u g i
F Concepts elecitonprocess 2 2
2 . 4 e r u g i
F Concept A 3 2
3 . 4 e r u g i
F Concep t B 3 2
3 . 4 e r u g i
F Concepts C 33
4 . 4 e r u g i
F Concepts D 3 3
5 . 4 e r u g i
F Concepts E 34
6 . 4 e r u g i
ii i x
7 . 4 e r u g i
F Concep tG 3 5
8 . 4 e r u g i
F Concep tH 3 5
1 . 5 e r u g i
F TheGras sPulle rmechanicals eciton 4 0 .
5 e r u g i
F 2 Mains hatfi somet ircview 4 1 .
5 e r u g i
F 3 Thet wistedplateoneachs ides quareplate 4 2 r
u g i
F e 4 5. Fron tands ideviewo fmains hatf 4 2 .
5 e r u g i
F 5 Tuber odi sometircview 42
. 5 e r u g i
F 6 Hingei sometircview 43
. 5 e r u g i
F 7 BigCampi sometircview 43
. 5 e r u g i
F 8 Bendwtihs omeangle 44
. 5 e r u g i
F 9 Fron tands ideviewo fBigClamp 44 .
5 e r u g i
F 1 0 Smal lClampI somet ircview 44 1
. 5 e r u g i
F 1 Adfiferen tbetweenBigClampandSmal lClamp 45 1
. 5 e r u g i
F 2 Isomet ircviewo fmechanica lpatr 45 1
. 5 e r u g i
F 3 Iniita lmechanica lpa tr 46
1 . 5 e r u g i
F 4 Fris tposiitono fmechanica lpatr 46 1
. 5 e r u g i
F 5 Secondposiitono fmechanica lpatr 47 1
. 5 e r u g i
F 6 Thridposiitono fmechanica lpatr 47 1
. 5 e r u g i
F 7 Fina lposiitono fmechanica lpatr 4 8 1
. 5 e r u g i
F 8 Pneumaitcs ecitonpatrl abel 4 9 9
1 . 5 e r u g i
F Flowchatrf o rcricui tbox 5 0 Figure5.2 0 Movemen t lfowoft hepneumaitcs eciton. 5 2
1 2 . 5 e r u g i
F Theai r ifllt hecompatrment 52 2
2 . 5 e r u g i
F Theai raremovingdownside 5 3 3
2 . 5 e r u g i
F Theai rcompletelymovedownside 53 4
2 . 5 e r u g i
F Thearii smovingupside 5 4
2 . 5 e r u g i
F 5 Thearii scompletelymoveupside 54 1
. 6 e r u g i
F Mechanica lpatr 5 5
t n i o p h c a e n i t n i o j r o f m a r g a i D y d o B 2 . 6 e r u g i
F 5 6
p m u p e h t e s u d n a p ir t s o t p e t S 4 . 6 e r u g i
F 5 8
5 . 6 e r u g i
F OmronDigtia lTimer 5 9
i
F gure6.6 No trhSta rPressureWasher 5 9 7
. 6 e r u g i
F SMCTubePolyethane 5 9
8 . 6 e r u g i
v i x
E L B A T F O T S I L
O
N TITLE PAGE
1 . 3 e l b a
T The5W’ squesiton 2 1
2 . 3 e l b a
T Thecheckilst 2 3
3 . 3 e l b a
T Theassessmen tandj udgment 2 4 4
. 3 e l b a
T Missions tatemen tongras spulle rmechanism 2 5 5
. 3 e l b a
T Lis to fcustome rneed songras spulle rmechanism 62 6
. 3 e l b a
T Custome rneeds ils tandhierarchical 2 7 7
. 3 e l b a
T Metirc ilstf o rgras spuller 2 8 3
e l b a
T . 8 Metircneedsf o rgras spulle rmechanism 3 0 1
. 4 e l b a
T DesignSoluiton 3 6
3 . 4 e l b a
T T iralf o rDryLand( g=9.81m/s2) 3 7 4
. 4 e l b a
T T iralf o rDampLand( g=9.81m/s2) 3 8 5
. 4 e l b a
v x
O
N TITLE
A WeedPlucker
B HandWeed
C Par t1
D Par t1i so
E Par t2
F Par t3
G Par t4
H Explodedview I Assembly1 J Assembly2
F O T S I
1 R E T P A H
C 1
N O I T C U D O R T N I 1 .
1 BACKGROUND
s s a r
G i saplantt ha tgrowsi nto group usually a tcleairng and i dle place . e m o c h c i h w s t n a l
P unde rweed group ha sspecia lfeatures tha ti sa stoleran ton h t g n e rt s g n it e p m o c e v a h d n a y n a m t a h t l a t o t d e e s e c u d o r p , t n e m n o ri v n e h t w o r g rt s e r t u o h ti w y l k c i u q y l p it l u m d n a w o r g s t n a l p e s e h t e c n e H . h g i
h iciton.
y ll a u s
U the method used to eilminate gras so rgras si sby using plan t t u B . l a c i m e h
c Malaysia heavliy reile son chemica lplan tusageo fherbicide .Too n
e tf
o herbicideapp ilcaiton wli ldisturb ag ircutlureecosystem .Thestudyoutcome d
e ir r a
c ou tshowst hatplan tchemica lgive effectt o on microbia lpopulaiton and e h t e s u a c e b y r a r o p m e t e v a h e b t c e f f e s i h t t e Y . y ti v it c a n o it i s o p m o c e d l a r u t a n s a n i a g a g n i n n u r s k e e w s u o i v e r p 4 r e tf a e r u c n o it i s o p m o c e d f o e t a r d n a n o it a l u p o p a d a r g e d e b o r c i m r e v e w o H . l a u s
u iton rate fo rdependen therbicide to soi ltype , .s r o t c a f l a t n e m n o ri v n e e r u t a r e p m e t d n a y ti d i m u h d n a , e d i c i b r e h s m a l c e r u t c u rt s w n o it a c il p p a e d i c i b r e
H hich were too o tfen wli l enable mateira l l li w h c i h w n o it i s o p m o c e
d produce n ew substancet ha tmoret oxic. Lately ,some s s a r g d n a d e e w f o s e i c e p
2 y b r a e y h c a e d e v o r p m i o s l a a i s y a l a M n i e s a
c those airse fo envrionments
s m e l b o r
p .To tackle thi sproblem ,aciton on dfiferen ttechnique sa scutlure and y g o l o i
b toconrto lweed ,o rby t heothe rmethodi smanuallyusingequipmen tand e v it c e f f
e machinetoconrtolt hebreedo fgrass.
2 .
1 PROBLEMSTATEMENT
e h t m o r f s s a r g t c a rt x e r o l l u p n a c t a h t l o o t r o e n i h c a m a h c u s o n s i e r e h T g e h t f o g n i d e e r b e h t l o rt n o c o t t o o
r ras sfrom spread around by thei rrhizome . e
m o
S othe r equipmen t are no tsutiable to exrtac t long gras so r weed from . d n a l f o y ti l a u q d r a h e s u a c e b a e r a d n a l e t s a
w Somecasesj ustr emovet hegras sbu t y ti n i c i v d n a d n a l e g a m a
d .Mos tobviou sweaknessi st heablitiyt o ex rtac tgras so r d
e e
w untlit o sourcer egion .Thisi si mpo tran tbecausepurposeweededaboveal l . g n i d e e r b s i h l o rt n o c y b e c n e t s i x e d e e w e t a n i m il e o t n i e c it c a r p l li t s , a i s y a l a M n
I a plan tchemica lusage to k li lgras so rmore n e v E . d e e w s a t n i a u q c
a so there i ssome equipmen tin whose make to mee t e r u tl u c ir g a f o s a e r a m o r f d e e n r e m u s n o c y r a m o t s u
c butt hi sequipmen tseem sno t
e l b a ti u
s to genera lusefulnes sast here among funciton i n case use rwhose no tin r o n o it a u ti s e h t n i e l b a tr o f m o
c by specia l group s which have the ilmtied . y ti li b a p a c m e c n i
S any method and equipmen tbeen use to remove weeded o rgras s t o n d n if s d o h t e m l l a t u
b effecitve to pul lal lweed roo tand ifnd ou t rtouble by e m it r e m u s n o c e t s a
w .Weed specialf eature which can breed easliy am k eamore f
3
3 .
1 OBJECTIVES
m s i n a h c e m r e ll u p s s a r g r o h s r a m s s a m f o n g i s e d e h t d n a y d u t s e h T
.
1 Studyt her oo tands temo fmarsho rgrass .
2 Analyzeoft hemethodo fgras spulilng .
3 Designandf ab ircatet heprototypeoft hemarshandgras spulle.r
4 .
1 SCOPE
e h
T study wli lcove rabou tthe basic inrtoduciton o fgras sby physical e
h t d n a y tr e p o r
p roo tsystem o fgras sImperata Cyilnd irca o rcalled by name ’
g n a l a
4
R E T P A H
C 2
W E I V E R E R U T A R E T I L
1 .
2 GRASS: I MPERATACYLINDRICA
e r u g i
F 2.1 :GrassImperataCyilnd ircat ype :
e c r u o S
( Yosr,i(2005))
e m a n c if it n e i c
S : ImperataCyilnd irca y
li m a
F : Gramineae( Poaceae) e
m a n r e p o r
P : Cogongrass l
l a
5 s i a c ir d n il y C a t a r e p m
I sepsisgrassi n smal lgroup by Panicoideae ,suppe r r g r o s s a r g n o g o C . e a e n o p o r d n A e b ir t d n a , e a d o n o g o p o r d n
A as s can ilve na d
d n a t e e f 2 m o r f g n it u o r p
s achieve to 10 feet .Lea fblade gras si sbroadly 2 r e t e m it n e
c and haveend tha tsharp .Wtih t hin l ea fand as knfiei n completewtih c i p o c s o r c i m a c il i s l a t s y r
c .Lowe rpatrofl eafhavethincapillaryi nhi ssurfacebu t g n i h c a o r p p a n e h w s u o u n e t y l g n i s a e r c n
i the top .When thi splan ti sinacitve , ti e m o c e b e g n a h
c blondechocolatecolou rbeginningfrom t heundersideplant .Bu t e
h
t lea fpa tr shavebeendeadremainingstandi ngandresis tdecay.
o r g s s a r g r o s s a r g n o g n o
C w swlidlyi nclea irngplaces .Someuseo fgrass si g
n i k a
m pape,rr oof ,ma to rbag .Evenso ,hi spubilcusei sin medica l ifeld .Gras s ( t n e g n ir t s a n a n i e s
u body itssue) ,diureitc (casitng process) ,emolilen t(skin) , ( c it a t s o m e a
h red blood cel)l , and tonic (medicaitons) . Gras s reputed h as s e it l a i c e p
s to ifgh tbacteiraelement sand cancer .Young gras smay be eilminated r a g u s e v a h t o o r s i h , k o o
c conten tand starch .Pas thuman dug t he ground t o ge t .r a g u s o t d e ir d d n a , t u c , d e t c e ll o c e b l li w t o o r s s a r g a s e m a
N re dfiferent according to area and place .Spea rgras sin Nige ira , s s a r g y l d a l
B in Ausrtaila ,Lalang in Malaysia ,G iin Fiijan ,Ngi ,Paille de dys , n o tt o C , n a u a l a P n i g n ir o s a K d n a , li a t n it a S , e t a r e p m I , e u q ir d il y c a t a r e p m I , e t o ll i a P i V n i h n a rt o C , s s a r g l o o
6
2 .
2 GRASSPHYSICALCHARACTERISTIC
. c it s ir e t c a r a h c l a c i s y h p c i s a B : 2 . 2 e r u g i F
(Source :Universtiyo fGeorgia– Bugwoodnetwork)
s s a r
G o rhi sscienitifcnameI mperataCyilnd ircai saggressivet ha tnatura l m e t s y s m e t s y s o c e g n i b r u t s i d t I . a i s A a e r a y ll a i c e p s e s a e r a t s o m n i t n a l p r e k ir t s
e m o c e b d n a , h t w o r g t n a l p t n e r e f fi d t n u t s , d li w t a ti b a h r o f a e r a e c u d e r , n o it c n u f
e s u a
c o fthe frie. Generally there are vairety classe so fweed species .Atlhough s
i h e k a m n o it a n i b m o c e u q i n u s a h s s a r g , r a li m i s s a m e e s s e i c e p s h c a
e recogniiton
s i d n u o f y l n o m m o c s e i c e p s s i s a B . d r a h s s e c o r
p Vasey gras s(Paspalum urville)i , m
u h g r o S ( s s a r g n o s n h o
J haplense) ,Slive rbeardgras s(Both irochloa laguroides) , .)
7
1 . 2 .
2 GRASS :RHIZOMEROOT
: 3 . 2 e r u g i
F Roo tofgrass.
n o g o o
C gras susually spread by rhizome roo tv ia underground root .Tree r
e tt e b r o s s a r g n o g o c s t o o
r known wtih grass ,shaped sharp att heend .I textends m
o r f y l k c i u q t c e j o r p d n
a one end to othe rnew root .Someitmes thi sroot tense .t
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e m o z i h r f o t s o
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e m it e m o
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w srtongly.
e d i s p r a h t o o r e m o z i h R : 4 . 2 e r u g i
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8
s s a r G y e s a V
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9
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F Plan tbasepatr
. t n a l p r e h t o e k il m e t s t n e r a p p a o n s a h r o e u g a v s i s s a r g r o s s a r g n o g n o C a t s i s n o c y l n o t i e k il k o o l s i ti e c n a l g e c n O . b u r h s r o t n a l p t r o h s f o e p y t s i s s a r G m s i h T . s e m o z i h r t o o r e h t e v a h h c i h w t r a p d n u o r g r e d n u e h t l li t f a e
l ake sleave s
e v i g s h t a e h s g n i p p a lr e v o t u B . d n u o r g e h t o t e s o l c r o m o r f y lt c e ri d e s ir a o t r a e p p a . e s a b t n a l p a o t e c n a r a e p p a d e d n u o r a e s n e d e n o m o r f e s ir a t o n s e o d n o it a t e g e v l l
A clump i nstead t heplant sare o
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0 1
s s a r G y e s a V
a h ti w n e tf o , d e n e tt a lf d n a k c i h t e s a B
e l p r u p h s i d d e
r colour .Planti svery e
c n a r a e p p a n i d e h c n u b
s s a r g d r a e B r e v li S
d e h c n u b y l g n o rt s a s a h e s a b t n a l P
s m e t s t n e r a p p a h ti w e c n a r a e p p a
e g d e s m o o r B
d e h c n u b y l g n o rt s a s a h e s a b t n a l P
s m e t s t n e r a p p a y r e v h ti w e c n a r a e p p a
s s a r g n o s n h o J
t u b d e d n u o r o s l a e s a b t n a l
P veryt hick
d e h c n u b r a e p p a e b t o n o d d n a
s e i c e p s t n e r e f fi d r o f e s a b t n a l P : 8 . 2 e r u g i F
a i g r o e G f o y ti s r e v i n U : e c r u o S
