Pengaruh Penundaan Kematangan dengan Sistem Atmosfer Termodifikasi Serta Pematangan dengan Ethrel terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Musa (AAA Grup) Pisang Ambon

PENGARUM PENUMDAAH KEMATANGAM DENGAN SISTEM ATMOSFER

TEWMODlFlKASl SERTA PEMATANGAN DENGAN ETWWEL

TERHADAP KUAUTAS FlSlK DAN KlMlA

( A A A

g r u p )

PISANG

AMBON

Oleh

M E l Y A N I

A

23.0187

JUWUSAN BUD1 D A Y A PERTANIAN, FAKUL'TAS P E R T A N l A N

I N S T I T U T PERTANIAN BOGOR

RINGKASAN

M E I Y A N I . P e n g a r u h p e n u n d a a n k e m a t a n g a n d a l a m sistem a t -

m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i s e r t a p e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n e t h r e l t e r h a -

d a p k u a l i t a s f i s i k d a n k i m i a Musa (AAA g r u p ) ' P i s a n g Ambon' ( d i b i m b i n g o l e h ACHMAD SURKATI ABIDIN).

P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e n g a r u h

p e n u n d a a n k e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n s i s t e m a t m o s e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i

s e r t a p e m a k a n g a n d e n g a n e t h r e l t e r h a d a p k u a l i t a s p i s a n g

ambon

.

P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k s a n a k a n d i L a b o r a t o r i u m P e n g e m a s -

a n d a n L a b o r a t o r i u m f e n g a w a s a n * l u t u , J u r u s a n T e k n o l o g i

I n d u s t r i , F a k u l t a s T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n I P B - B o g o r , t a n g g a l

6 P e b r u a r i s a m p a i 1 9 Maret 1 9 9 0 . B u a h p i s a n g ambon Musa

(AAA g r u p ) y a n g d i g u n a k a n s e b a n y a k e m p a t t a n d a n d i p a n e n

s e r e m p a k s e t e l a h t i g a b u l a n d a r i k e l u a r b u n g a , d i p e r o l e h

d a r i k e b u n p e t a n i d i d e s a C i s a l a d a , K a b u p a t e n B o g o r .

P e n e l i t i a n i n i t e r d i r i d a r i p e r c o b a a n p e n u n d a a n kema-

t a n g a n d e n g a n s i s t e m a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i d u n p e r c o b a a n

p e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n e t h r e l t e r h a d a p b u a h p i s a n g ambon. P e r -

c o b a a n p e n u n d a a n kematangan d i s u s u n d a l a m R a n c a n g a n A c a k

Kelompok d a n d i u l a n g 3 k a l i . P e r l a k u a n t e r d i r i d a r i 3 m a -

c a m k o m b i n a s i gas y a i t u a t m o s f e r b i a s a ( 0 . 0 3 % C 0 2 d a n

2 1 . 0 % 0 2 ) ' 5.11% C02 d a n 5 . 0 % O2 s e r t a k o n b i n a s i 1 0 . 0 % C02

P e r c o b a a n p e m a t a n g a n d i l a k s a n a k a n t e r h a d a p b u a h p i -

s a n g ambon y a n g t e l a h d i s i m p a n d a l a m a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a -

s i s e l a m a 2 8 h a r i . P e r c o b a a n d i s u s u n d a l a m R a n c a n g a n Acak

Kelompok f a k t o r i a l d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n 2 f a k t o r y a i t u 3 ma-

cam k o m b i n a s i gas C02 d a n O 2 s e p e r t i p e r l a k u a n p a d a p e r c o -

b a a n p e n u n d a a n d a n m e n g g u n a k a n 2 t a r a f e t h r e l ( 0 ppm d a n

7 5 0 p p m ) . P e r c o b a a n p e m a t a n g a n t e r s e b u t d i l a k s a n a k a n p a d a

s u h u s e k i t a r 27OC d a n RH 8 0 - 9 0 p e r s e n .

P e n g a m a t a n d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p w a r n a k u l i t , k e k e r a s a n ,

k a d a r p a t i , k a d a r g u l a , k a d a r

a i r

k u l i t , k a d a r a i r d a g i n g , n i s b a h b o b o t k u l i t - d a g i n g , k a d a r asam t o t a l , t o t a l w a k t u

m e n c a p a i m a t a n g d a n tes o r g a n o l e p t i k .

H a s i l p e r c o b a a n p e n u n d a a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h u a p e r l a k u a n

3 k o m b i n a s i gas C02 d a n 0 2 t i d a k b e r b e d a n y a t a t e r h a d a p

s e m u a p a r a m e t e r y a n g d i a m a t i k e c u a l i k a d a r a s a m t o t a l p a d a

h a r i k e - 2 8 . Semua n i l a i p a r a m e t e r y a n g d i a m a t i s a m p a i h a -

r i k e - 2 8 m e n u n j u k k a n t e r j a d i n y a p e n u n d a a n k e m a t a n g a n .

K a d a r asam t o t a l p a l i n g t i n g g i t e r d a p a t pada b u a h p i s a n g

ambon y a n g d i s i m p a n d e n g a n k o m b i n a s i gas 1 0 . 0 % C02 d a n

5 . 0 % 0 2 .

A p l i k a s i 7 5 0 ppm e t h r e l p a d a p e r c o b a a n p e m a t a n g a n me-

n y e r a g a m k a n s a a t m a t a n g ( 2 h a r i s e t e l a h a p l i k a s i ) . Disam-

p i n g i t u , a p l i k a s i 7 5 0 ppm e t h r e l m e m p e r c e p a t s a a t m a t a n g

2 - 5 h a r i . T e s o r g a n o l e p t i k m e n u n j u k k a n d a p a t d i t e r i m a n y a

rasa d a n a r o m a b u a h p i s a n g ambon y a n g t e l a h m e n g a l a m i

p e n u n d a a n d e n g a n sistem a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i d i l a n j u t k a n

P E N G A R U H P E N U N D R A N KEMATANGAN DALAM S I S T E M A T M O S F E R

T E f i M O D I F I K A S I S E R T A PBMATANGAN D E N G A N E T H R E L

'I'ERHADAP K U A L I ' I ' A S P I S I K DAN K I M I : A

Muso ( A A A g r u p ) ' F I S A N G A M B O N .

o l e h

M e i y a n i

A 2 3 . 0187

L a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h

s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n p a d a F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

J U R i J S A N B U D 1 D A Y A P E R T A N I A N

F A K U L T A S PERT AN I A N

I N S T I T U T P E R T A N I A N B O G O R

INSTITLIT PERTANIAN BOGOR

FAKUL'TAS PERTANIAN, JUHUSAN H U D I D A Y A PERTANIAM

K a m i m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a L a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h i n i d i s u s u n

o l e h :

Nama : M e i y a r ~ i

Nomor P o k o k : A 2 3 . 0 1 8 7

J u d u l : P e n g a r u h P e n u n d a a n K e r n a t a n g a n d a l a m

S i s t . e m A t l n o s f e r T n r r n o d i . f i k a s i . S e r t a

P e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n E t h r e l t e r h a d a p K u a -

l i t a s F i s i k d a n K i m i a M L J S ~ ( A A A g r u p )

' P i s a n g Ambon ' .

d i t e r i n ~ a s e b a g a i p e r s y a r a t a n u n t u k ~ n e l n p a r o l e h g e l a r S a r j a n a

P e r t a n i a n p a d a F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , j u r u s a n B u d i D a y a P e r t a -

n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n H o g o r .

P r o f . Dr ~ c h m a d > & a t , i A .

HIWAYAT HIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r k a n d i B a n d u n g , Jawa B a r a t p a d a t a n g -

g a l 22 Mei 1 9 6 8 d a r i Ayah K o n d a r S i r e g a r d a n I b u M u c h l i n a r

L u b i s . P e n u l i s m e r u p a k a n a r i a k pertama d a r i t u j u h b e r s a u -

d a r a .

P e n d i d i k a n d a s a r d i s e l e s a i k a n d i SD n e g e r i 15 P a d a n g

S i d i m p u a n , K a b . T a p a n u l i S e l a t a n , S u m a t e r a Utara p a d a t a -

h u n 1 9 8 0 d a n p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 3 p e n u l i s l u l u s d a r i SMP n e g e r i

1, k e m u d i a n m e n e r u s k a n p e n d i d i k a n k e SMA 3 d i k o t a y a n g

sama.

P e n u b i s d i t e r i m a m e n j a d i m a h a s i s w a d i I n s t i t u t P e r t a -

n i a n B o g o r p a d a t a h u i l 1 9 8 6 m e l a l u i j a l u r PMDK. P a d a t a h u n

1 9 8 7 p e n u l i s d i t e r i m a d i J u r u s a n B u d i D a y a P e r t a n i a n ,

F a k u l t a s P e s t a n i a n d e n g a n P r o g r a m S t u d i A g r o n o m i d a n

P r o g r a m S t u d i K e k h u s u s a n H o r t i k u l t u r a , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n

KATA PENGANTAR

S e g a l a p u j i k e h a d i r a t A l l a h y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n

k e k u a t a n d a n k e m u d a h a n d a l a m m e l a k s a n a k a n k e g i a t a n k a r y a

i l m i a h s e r t a k e l a n c a r a n d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n l a p o r a n n y a .

P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h

k e p a d a :

1. B a p a k P r o f . D r . Achmad S u r k a t i A . s e l a k u pembim-

b i n g k e g i a t a n k a r y a i l m i a h i n i .

2 . P i m p i n a n d a n k a r y a w a n PT. A n e k a G a s I n d u s t r i , J a -

J a k a r t a .

3 . K e p a l a L a b o r a t o r i u m P e n g e m a s a n d a n L a b o r a t o r i u m

P e n g a w a s a n M u t u , J u r u s a n T e k n o l o g i I n d u s t r i , Fa-

k u l t a s T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n , I P B b e s e r t a s t a f .

4 . B a p a k D r I r R o e d h y P o e r w a n t o d a n I r S u r y o n o H a d i

S u c a h y o a t a s s a r a n - s a r a n y a n g b e r g u n a u n t u k p e r -

b a i k a n l a p o r a n i n i .

5 . Semua p i h a k y a n g t e l a h b e r k e n a n membantu h i n g g a

t e r l a k s a n a n y a k a r y a i l m i a h i n i .

B o g o r , H e i 1 9 9 1

DAFTAR I S 1

Halaman

DAFTAR TABEL

DAFTAR GAMBAR

PENDAHULUAN

. . .

.

L a t a r B e l a k a n g

. . .

. T u j u a n P e n e l i t i a n

. . .

. H i p o t e s i s

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

. . .

. B o t a n i P i s a n g

P e r k e m b a n g a n Buah P i s a n g

.

. . .

.

Komponen K u a l i t a s Buah P i s a n g

. . .

.

P e r i l a k u Buah P i s a n g S e t e l a h P a n e n

. . .

. . .

. K e h i l a n g a n H a s i l S e t e l a h P a n e n

. P e n y i m p a n a n d a l a m S i s t e m A t m o s f e r Termo- d i f i k a s i

. . .

. Suhu P e n y i m p a n a n d a n P e m b e r i a n F u n g i s i c l a

.

P e m a t a n g a n Buah d e n g a n E t i l e n

. . .

BAHAN DAN METODE

.

T e m p a t d a n Waktu P e n e l i t i a n

. . .

. Bahan d a n P e r a l a t a n P e n e l i t i a n

. . .

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

-

P e n u n d a a n K e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n P e n y i m p a n a n P i s a n g Ambon d a l a m S i s t e m A t m o s f e r T e r m o d i f i k a s i

. . .

-

P e m a t a n g a n B u a h P i s a n g Ambon d e n g a n E t h - r e 1 p a d a S u h u Kamar ( 2 7 ' ) d a n R H 8 5

-95%

. . .

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

DAFTBR PUSTAKA

. . .

LAMPIRAN

. . .

Nomor Halaman

K o m p o s i s i K i m i a D a g i n g Buah P i s a n g Ambon M a t a n g

. . .

P e r s e n t a s e K a n d u n g a n P a t i d a n G u l a Reduk-

s i P a d a D a g i n g B u a h P i s a n g Ambon

. .

S t a n d a r d P e r u b a h a n Warna K u l i t P i s a n g ( C S I R 0 , 1 9 7 2 )

. . .

P e n g a r u h P e r l a k u a n T a r a f K o n s e n t r a s i C02 t e r h a d a p S k o r Warna B u a h P i s a n g Am- bon S a m p a i 2 8 Hari S e t e l a h P e r l a k u -

. . .

a n d a l a m A t m o s f e r T e r m o d i f i k a s i

P e n g a r u h P e r l a k u a n T a r a f K o n s e n t r a s i CO

2

t e r h a d a p K e r e r a s a n B u a h P i s a n g Ambon B e r d a s a r k a n L a j u P e n e t r a s i S a m p a i 28 Hari S e t e l a h P e r l a k u a n d a l a m A t m o s f e r

. . .

T e r m o d i f i k a s i

P e n g a r u h P e r l a k u a n T a r a f K o n s e n t r a s i C02 t e r h a d a p K a d a r G u l a d a n Kadar P a t i B u a h P i s a n g Ambon S a m p a i 2 8 H a r i S e -

t e l a h P e r l a k u a n d a l a m A t m o s f e r Termo- d i f i k a s i

. . .

P e n g a r u h P e r l a k u a n T a r a f K o n s e n t r a s i COX t e r h a d a p K a d a r a i r K u l i t d a n K a d a r

A i r D a g i n g B u a h P i s a n g Ambon S a m p a i 2 8 Hari S e t e l a h P e r l a k u a n d a l a m

A t - -

. . .

m o s f e r T e r m o d i f i k a s i

P e n g a r u h P e r l a k u a n T a r a f K o n s e n t r a s i CO;? t e r h a d a p N i s b a h B o b o t K u l i t / D a g i n g B u a h P i s a n g Ambon S a m p a i 2 8 H a r i S R - t e i a h P e r l a k u a n d a l a m A t m o s f e r T e r -

. . .

m o d i f i k a s i

1 0 . P e n g a r u h P e n g g u n a a n E t h r e l t e r h a d a p Pema- t a n g a n Buah P i s a n g Ambon S e t e l a h 2 8

Hari D i s i m p a n d a l a m S i s t e m A t m o s f e r T e r m o d i f i k a s i d e n g a n t i g a t a r a f C02

11. P e n g a r u h P e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n E t h r e l t e r h a - d a p P e n e r i m a a n R a s a danAroma Buah P i s a n g Ambon y a n g T e l a h D i s i m p a n d a - lam S i s t e m A t m o s f e r T e r m o d i f i k a s i S e l a m a 2 8 Hari

. . .

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Nomor H a l a m a n

' J k k E i

1

.

T a h a p a n K e m a t a n g a n Buah P i s a n g

. . .

8

2

.

M e k a n i s m e D e g r a d a s i K l o r o f i l

. . .

11

3

.

P o l a R e s p i r a s i B u a h P i s a n g , A p e 1 d a n P e a r 18

4

.

P e m b e n t u k a n E t i l e n d a r i E t h r e l

. . .

2 5

PENDAHULUAN

D i I n d o n e s i a p i s a n g nlerupa.kan k o m o d i t i h u r t i k u l t u r a

y a n g p o t e n s i a l u n t u k d i k e m b a n g k a n . P e n g e m b a n g a n yank? d i -

m a k s u d a d a l a h p e r h a t i a n y a n g l e b i h s e r i u s p a d a k e g i a t a n

p e n a n a m a n v a r i e t a s y a n g b a i k , p e m e l i h a r a a n , p e n a n g a n a n

p a s c a p a n e n d a n p e m a s a r a n .

D a l a m s u s u n a n p r o d u k s i b u a h - b u a h a n I n d o n e s i a p a d a t a -

h u n 1987, p i s a n g m e n d u d u k i u r u t a n p e r t a m a y a i t u s e b e s a r

2 192 332 t o n d a r i t o t a l p r o d u k s i b u a h - b u a h a n p a d a t a h u n

y a n g sama s e b e s a r 5 165 628 t o n ( B i r o P u s a t S t a t i s t i k ) .

J u m l a h i n i d i h a r a p k a n m e n c a p a i 3 9 1 1 0 0 0 t o n p a d a t a h u n

1 9 8 9 d a n m e n i n g k a t t e r u s h i n g g a p a d a t a h u n 1 9 9 3 m e n c a p a i

4 7 3 9 0 0 0 ' t o n d e n g a n r a t a - r a t a k e n a i k a n 4 . 9 2 % s e t i a p t a -

h u n n y a .

M e m a s u k i p e l i t a V s e k a r a n g i n i , p e r a n a n f a k t o r p e r t a -

n i a n s e m a k i n d i t i n g k a t k a n d a l a m m e n u n j a n g p e m b a n g u n a n s e k -

t o r i n d u s t r i . K e b i j a k s a n a a n p e n g e m b a n g a n b u a h - b u a h a n meng

a r a h pada:

1. P e r b a i l t a n g i z i m a s y a r a k a t d a n m e m e n u h i p e r m i n t a a n

p a s a r d a l a m n e g e r i .

2 . M e n g u r a n g i f l u k t u a s i h a r g a y a n g t a j a m d a l a m r a n g k a

t u r u t m e m p e r t a h a n k a n s t a b i l i t a s e k o n o m i .

3 . M e n g u r a n g i i m p o r d a n m e n i n g k a t k a n e k s p o r u n t u k me-

4 . Memper l u a s k e s e n ~ p a t a n k e r j a s e r t a m e n i n g k a t k a n

p e n d a p a t a n d e v i s a n e g a r a .

U n t u k m e n c a p a i s a s a r a n y a n g d i i n g i n k a n niaka d i t e t a p k a n

k o m o d i t i p r i o r i t a s u n t u k d i k e m b a n g k a n l e b i h l a n j u t . P i -

s a n g m o r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u k o m o d i t i h o r t i k u l t u r a y a n g d i -

k e m b a n g k a n s e b a g a i k o m o d i t i e k s p o r . S e b a g a i l a n g k a h awal,

p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 7 I n d o n e s i a t e l a - h m e n g e k s p o r p i s a n g s e b e s a r

11 0 0 0 t o n d e n g a n n i l a i US $ 18 0 0 0

(ASEAN

S t a t i s t i c a l

Year B o o k , 1 9 8 9 ) .

D a r i b e r b a g a i j e n i s p i s a n g y a n g d i t a n a m d i I n d o n e s i a ,

p i s a n g ambon Musa ( A A A G r u p ) m e n d u d u k i t e m p a t t e r p e n t i n g

( S i m m o n d , 1 9 6 6 ) . S e j a k t a h u n 1 9 8 1 h i n g g a 1 9 8 6 p r o d u k s i

p i s a n g m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n s t a b i l . P e n i n g k a t a n t e r s e b u t b e -

l u m d i s e r t a i d e n g a n p e n i n g ' k a t a n p e n d a p a t a n p e t a n i , a k i . b a t

d a r i k e h i l a n g a n h a s i l y a n g c u k u p t i n g g i selama t r a n s p o r t a -

s i .

K e h i l a n g a n h a s i l d a p a t d i s e b a b k a n o l . e h k e n a i k a n s u h u

d a n b e n t u r a n y a n g t e r j a d i s e l a s a p e n g a n g k u t a n . B i a s a n y a

b u a h d i m a s u k k a n 'ke d a l a m k e r a n j a n g y a n g d i i k a t d e n g a n e r a t

d a n d i b u n g k u s d e n g a n d a u n s e g a r

.

D i t e n g a h - t e n g a h t u ~ n p u k a n

b u a h s w h u d a p a t m e n c a p a i 4 0

'c.

K e a d a a n i n i a k a n menirn-

b u l k a n k e m u n d u r a n mu t u b u a h

.

P e n g i r i m a n k e l u a r n e g e r i a t a u tempat y a n g j a u h d a r i

p r o d u s e n m e n g h e n d a k i b u a h y a n g s e g a r salnpai d i t e m p a t t u j u -

a n . 8ermacam-macam c a r a d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k ~ n e n u n d a k e -

p e n y i m p a n a n a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i d e n g a n s u h u r e n d a h .

S e a L a n d ' s C o m m i t m e n t ( 1 9 8 8 ) m e n y a t a k a n bahwa p i s a n g ambon

d a p a t d i p e r t a h a n k a n d a l a m k o n d i s i b a i k s e t e l a h d i s i r n p a n

d a l a ~ n s i s t e m a t m o s f e r t e r n l o d i f i k a s i d a n s u h u r e n d a h s e l a n ~ a

2 8 h a r i . P e m a t a n g a n y a n g t i d a k n o r m a l p a d a p i s a n g , p e a r

d a n t o m a t d a p a t d i a k i b a t k a n p e n y i m p a n a n d a l a m O 2 r e n d a h

( t 5 % ) d a n C02 t i n g g i ( > 5 % ) d a l a m w a k t u y a n g lama s e r t a

t i m b u l n y a a r o m a y a n g t i d a k n o r m a l a k i b a t r e s p i r a s i a n a e r o -

b i k .

E t i l e n a d a l a h h o r m o n y a n g a k t i f d a l a m p r o s e s p e m a t a n g -

a n . S e b a g a i h o r m o n , e t i l e n d a p a t d i h a s i l k a n o l e h t a n a m a n ,

b e r s i f a t m o b i l d a l a m j a r i n g a n t a n a m a n d'an m e r u p a k a n s e n y a -

w a o r g a n i k . E t h r e l ( 2 - c h l o r o e t h y l p h o s p h o n i c a c i d ) m e r u -

,

p a k a n s e n y a w a k i m i a d a l a m b e n t u k c a i r a n y a n g d a p a t t e r u r a i

m e m b e n t u k e t i l e n d i d a l a m c a i r a n s e l (pH d i a t a s 3 . 5 )

( A b e l e s , 1973).

S e l a i n u n t u k m e m p e r p a n j a n g u m u r s i m p a n d a n m e n e k a n k e -

r u s a k a n b u a h , p e n a n g a n a n pasca p a n e n j u g a d i tu j u k a n u n t u k

m e m p e r b a i k i p e n a m p i l a n b u a h . P e n a m p i l a n b u a h y a n g m e n a r i k

d a p a t m e m b e r i n i l a i t a m b a h . P e n e r a p a n t e k n o l o g i p e r l a k u a n

segar h a s i l h o r t i k u l t u r a j u g a a k a n m e n g u r a n g i a t a u m e n e k a n

Tu j u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i un t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e n g a r u h

p e n u n d a a n k e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n s i s t e ~ n a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i

s e r t a p e m a t a n g a n d e n g a n e t h r e l t e r h a d a p k u a l i t a s p i s a n e

ambon

.

.DO P C ' l C

P e n y i m p a n a n d a l a m a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i ( d e n g a n

p e n g e m a s a n b u a h pisang ambon d a l a m k a n t o n g g l a s t i k p o l i e t -

i l e n t e r t u t u p r a p a t y a n g d i i s i s e b a n y a k 0.03% C02, 21.0%

02, 5.0%C02, 5% 02 d a n 10.0% C02, 5.0% 02) a k a n m e m b e r i k a n

p e n g a r u h p e n u w d a a n t e r h a d a p p r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n b u a h p i s a n g

ambon selama 28 h a r i d a n t i d a k b e r p e n g a r u h b u r u k b a g i

k u a l i t a s b u a h .

P e n g g u n a a n 750 ppm e t h r e l ( p a d a s u h u k a m a r +27O C d a n

RH 80

-

9 0 % ) t e r h a d a p b u a h p i s a n g ambon y a n g t e l a h m e n g a l -

arni z p e n u n d a a n p r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n selama 28 h a r i d e n g a n

sistem a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i (0.03%C02, 21.0% C02, 5.0%

02 d a n 10% .C02, 5% 02, s u h u 14.5 - 15.5' C, .RH 85 - 05%)

dapat memacu d a n m e r a t a k a n k e m a t a n g a n d a n t i d a k b e r p e n g a -

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

B o t a n i P i s a n g

P i s a n g t e r m a s u k f a m i l i M u s a c e a e d a r i o r d o S c i t a m i n a e .

P a m i l i M u s a c e a e niempunyai d u a g e n u s y a i t u Mrrsa d a n E ~ l s e t e .

G e n u s Musa t e r d i r i d a r i enipat g o l o n g a n y a i t u i!hodochlainys, C a l l i m u s a , A u s t r a l i m u s a d a n E u m u s a . R h o d o c h l a m y s d a n

C a l l i m u s a b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i t a n a m a n h i a s ; A u s t r a l i -

mugs

b u a h n y a d i m a k a n d a l a t n k e a d a a n s e g a r a t a u s e t e l a h

d i m a s a k ; s e d a n g Eumusa y a n g m e r u p a . k a n s a l a h s a t u g o l o n g a n

Musa t e r b a n y a k d a n t e r s e b a r l u a s , b u a h n y a d i m a k a n d a l a m

k e a d a a n s e g a r . B u a h p i s a n g y a n g d i m a k a i l dal.am k e a d a a n

s e g a r

s e b a g i a n . b e s a r b e r a s a l d a r i g o l o n g a n Ehmusa y a i t u

Musa a c u m i n a t a d a n Musa b a l b i s i a n a ( S i m m o n d s , 1 9 8 2 ) .

D i I n d o n e s i a m e n u r u t S i m m o n d s ( 1 9 8 2 ) p i s a n g d a p a t

d i g o l o n g k a n m e n j a d i t i g a g o l o n g a n y a i t u :

a . P i s a n g y a n g d i m a k a n s e g a r s e t e l a h b u a h n y a m a s a k

t e r d i r i d a r i k e l o m p o k AA ( p i s a n g Mas) d a n k e l o m p o k

AAA ( p i s a n g Ambon, p i s a n g Ambon L u m u t , p i s a n g S u s u

d a n p i s a n g Raja S e r e h ) .

b . P i s a n g y a n g d i m a k a n s e t e l a h d i r e b u s a t a u d i g o r e n g ,

y a i t u k e l o m p o k AAB ( p i s a n g Raja, p i s a n g T a n d u k )

c . P i s a n g . b e r b i j i y a i t u k e l o m p o k ABB ( p i s a n g B a t u )

P i s a n g ambon m e r u p a k a f l t a n a m a n a s l i Asia T e n g g a r a

t e r m a s u k I n d o n e s i a . P i s a n g ambon b a n y a k d i t a n a i n d i d a e r a h

t r o p i k s e p e r t i Amerika S e l a t a n , Jamaica, A f r i k a B a r a t d a n

b e s a r d a n k u a t , t a n d a n s i m e t r i k . Dalam l i n g k u n g a n y a n g

b a i k a k a r t a n a m a n b u a h p i s a n g ambon s a m p a i s e d a l a m 7 5 cm

darn m e l e b a r 2 . 5 m s e c a r a h o r i z o n t a l . B a t a n g s e b e n a r n y a

b e r a d a d a l a m t a n a h b e r u p a s q a t u r i m p a n g b o n g g o l m e n g u m b i .

B a t a n g n y a m e r u p a k a n b a t a n g semu y a n g t i n g g i n y a b e r k i s a r

a n t a r a 2

-

7 m a t a u l e b i h . Daun muda sebelum k e l u a r

t e r g u l u n g d a l a m b a t a n g s e m u . U p i h d a u n s a l i n g m e m b a l u t

d e n g a n r a p a t d a n m e m b e n t u k b a t a n g semu y a n g t e g a p . Daun

b e r b e n t u k l a n s e t d a n p i n g g i r a n n y a mudah r o b e k . e u n g a

p i s a n g t e r s u s u n r a p a t d a l a m b e l i t a n y a n g d i s e b u t s i s i r .

.

D a l a m k a r a n g a n b u n g a umumnya t e r d i r i d a r i d u a j e n i s k e l a -

m i n . P e l i , n d u n g b u n g a n y a b e s a r b e r w a r n a m e r a h d a n a k a n

g u g u r s a a t p e , m b e n t u k a n b u a h b e r l a n g s u n g . R a n g k a i a n b u a h

d a l a m t a n d a n t e r b e n t u k d a r i .bungs b e t i n a . P a d a s a a t

matang p e n u h s e l u r u h k u l i t b u a h d a n l e h e r b u a h b e r w a r n a

k u n i n g ( v o n L o e s e c k e , 1950; S i m m o n d s , 1 9 5 2 ) .

B u a h p i s a n g Ambon m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u j e n i s .bush

p i s a n g y a n g e n a k d i m a k a n s e b a g a i b u a h s e g a r . K e l e b i h a n

p i s a n g i n i a d a l a h k u l i t b u a h n y a t i d a k - b s g i t u t e b a l , b u a h -

n y a p u l e n , r a s a n y a m a n i s , a r o m a n y a h a r u m d a n p e n a n ~ p i l a n

b u a h n y a m e n a r i k ( S u m a r t o n o , 1 9 8 2 ) .

P e r k e m b a n g a n B u a h P i s a n g

H e n u r u t v o n L o e s e c k e (1950) d i p e r l u k a n 2-4 b u l a n

s e t e l a h r a n g k a i a n b u n g a m u n c u l s a m p a i b u a h d a p a t d i p a n e n ,

B u a h y a n g b i a s a d i m a k a n m e r u p a k a n b u a h p a r t e n o l c a r p i

y a i t u b u a h y a n g b e r k e m b a n g t a n p a p o l i n a s i . D k g i n g b u a h

y a n g d a p a t d i m a k a n b e r k e m b a n g d a r i d i r i d i n g o v a r i . Ada

j e n i s p i s a n g l i a r y a n g b u a h n y a p e n u h b i j i d a n h a n y a d a p a t

b e r k e m b a n g j i k a t e r j a d i p o l i n a s i ( S i m m o n d s , l S B Z ) .

P e r t u m b u h a n b u a h b i a s a n y a d i m u l a i d a r i p e r b a n y a k a n

s e l h i n g g a r n e n j a d i o r g a n y a n g ~ r i e ~ n b e s a r k a r e n a z a t - z a t

m a k a n a n b e r g e r a k d a r i b a g i a n t.anaman l a i n k e b a g i a n i n i

( S i m m o n d s , 1 9 8 2 ) .

B e r d a s a r k a n l a p o r a n - l a p o r a n y a n g d i k u m p u l k a n o l e h

P a n t a s t i c o (1986) d i k e t a . h u i b a h w a b e r a t d a g i n g b u a h p i s a n g

p a d a p e r m u l a a n p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a s a n g a t r e n d a h s e d a n g k u l i t

- b u a h s a n g a t t i n g g i . S e m a l r i n m a s a k b u a h n i s b a h k u l i t / i s i

s e m a k i n k e c i l ( S i m m o n d s , 1 9 8 2 ) .

S e l a m a p e r k e m b a n g a n b u a h t e r j a d i p e r u b a h a n t i n g k a t

k e a s a m a n d a l a m d a g i n g b u a h . P a d a t a h a p awal p e m a s a k a n

b u a h k e a s a m a n m e n i n g k a t s a m p a i . m e n c a p a i m a k s i n i u ~ n p a d a

s a a t m e o c a p a i p u n c a k p e r k e m b a n g a n , d i s u s u l a d a n y a p e n u r u -

n a n d e n g a n s e m a k i n m a t a n g n y a b u a h ( W a r d l a w P a n t a s t i -

c o , 1986). P a d a s t a d i u m awal p e r t u m b u h a n b u a h , k a d a r g u l a

t o t a l s a n g a t r e n d a . h , s e ~ n a k i n m a s a k

,

k a n d u n g a n g u l a t o t a l

b u a h n a i k d e n g a n m u n c u l n y a g l u k o s a d a n f r u k t o s a ( L o d h , et

a,?. .&lam P a n t a s t i c o , 1986).

M e n u r u t P a n t a s t i c o ( 1 9 8 6 ) dal.am pasca p a n e n i s t i l a h

m a s a k ( m a t u r e ) h a r u s d i b e d a k a n d a r i i s t i l a h m a t a n g ( r i p e ) .

s e o p u r n a . S e d a n g k a n m a t a n g b e r a r t i b u a h L e l a h m e n c a p a i

p e r k e ~ n b a n g a n y a n g c u k u p d a n t e l a h l i l e n c a p a i k u a l i t a s yarit?

b a i l < u n t u l t d i k o n s u ~ n s i

.

K e n ~ a s a k a n b u a h p i s a n g d a p a l : d i t e n t u l t u n s e c a r a ol>.jek--

t i f b e r d a s a r k u n n i s b a h l t u l i t / i s i d a r ~ 11a11dur1l;an L ! L I ~ a t r ~ t u l . .

P i s a n g d i p a n e n p a d a b e r b a g a i t i n g k a t k e m a s a k a n , t e r g a n t u n d

t u j u a n p e m a s a r a n d a n a l a t t r a n s p o r t a s i y a n g c1i.gunahun.

P c t u n j u k l a i n y a n g d i g u n a l t a n u n t u k ~ l i e n i l a i I t e e a s u ~ k a n

a d a l a h j u n i l a h h a r i s e t e l a h p e l n b u n g a a n , m e n g h i l a n d n y a

s u d u t - s u d u t p a d a b u a h , m e n g e r i n g n y a d a u n clan I t e r a p u h a n

u j u n g t a n d a n . 5 e b e r a . p a p u s t a - k a m e n g g u n a k a n i s t i l a h - i s t i -

l a h s e p e r t i t i g a p e r - e m p a t ( b u a h y a n g k i r a - l c i r a u k u r a n

m a k s i m u m n y a , d e n g a n s u d u t b u a t i y a n g n a m p a k n y a t a ) , t i g a

p e r - e m p a t h a m p i r p e n u h , t i g a p e r - e i n p a t . p e n u h ( b u a h d e n g a n

s u d u t - s u d u t y a n g t i d a k m e n o n j o l ) d a n p e n u h ( s u d u t - s u d u t

s u d a h h i l a n g salna s e k a l i . ) .

P e n u h G a m b a r 1 . T a h a p a n K e m a t a n g a n R u a h P i s a n g ( v o n L o e -

s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 )

Komponen K u a l i t a a B u n h P i s a n g

M e n u r u t K a d e r ( 1 9 8 5 ) d a n Wills ( 1 9 8 1 ) kompon.en ( t u a l i -

t a s b u a h a d a l a h : p e n a m p a l t a n , t e k s t u r , f l a v o ~ : , n i l a i g i z i

d a n k e a m a n a n . P s n a m p a k a n m e n c a k u p u k u r a n ( b n b o l : , d i ~ n o r ~ s i

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k e r u s a k a n i n t e r n a l d a n e k s t e r n a l . F l a v o r m e r u p a k a n k o m b i -

n a s i r a s a d a n a r o m a . N i l a i g i z i m e n c a k u p k a r b o h i d r a t ,

p r o t e i n , l e m a k , v i t a m i n d a n m i n e r a l . Keamanan m e l i p u t i

k e a d a a n t o k s i s i t a s , k o n t a m i n a s i b a h a n k i m i a d a n lr,gaai b o -

r a t s e r t a k o n t a m i n a s i o l e h m i k r o b a .

F a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i k u a l i t a s b u a h y a i t u f a k t o r

g e n e t i k , l i n g k u n g a n , p e m a n e n a n , p e n a n g a n a n p a s c a p a n e n d a n

p e n g a n g k u t a n , p e n y i m p a n a n d a n p e m a s a r a n (Wills, 1 9 8 1 ; Ka-

d e r , 1 9 8 5 ) .

Hasil a n a l i s i s k a n d u n g a n g i z i p i s a n g ambon d a p a t d i -

l i h a t p a d a t a b e l 1 ( v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 ) .

T a b e l 1. K o m p o s i s i K i m i a D a g i n g B u a h P i s a n g Ambon M a t a n g

Komponen

d a r i 1 0 0 g b u a h

%

A i r

G u l a t o t a l

Zat p a t i P r o t e i n P e k t i n Lemak S e r a t

Abu m i n e r a l

S u m b e r : v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 .

P i s a n g Ambon m e m p u n y a i k a n d u n g a n g i z i y a n g t i n g g i .

Komponen u t a m a b u a h p i s a n g a d a l a h

a i r

d a n k s r b o h i d r a t , s e -

d a n g k a n p r o t e i n d a n l e m a k n y a h a m p i r d a p a t d i a b a i k a n . Abu-

n y a k a y a a k a n u n s u r - u n s u r K , Mg, Na, P ; s e d a n g u n s u r l a i n -

n y a a d a l a h C u , J , Mn, Zn d a n Co ( S i m m o d s , 1 9 8 2 ) .

p i s a n g s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : v i t a m i n C 2 0 mg, v i t a m i n A 2 0 u g

d a n asam f o l a t 1 0 u g d a r i 1 0 0 g b u a h p i s a n g .

f ' e r i l n k u Uuah P i s a n e S e t e l a h P a n e n

S e l a m a p e r k e m b a n g a n d a n p e m a t a n g a n n y a , p i s a n g s e p e r t i

b u a h - b u a h a n l a i n n y a s a n g a t d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h p r o s e s f o t o -

s i n t e s i s , s e r t a a b s o r b s i a i r d a n m i n e r a l . o l e h i n d u k n y a .

S e t e l a h d i p a n e n , .bush t e r s e b u t . m a s i h m e n g a l a m i r e s p i r a s i

d a n t r a n s p i r a s i w a l a u p u n t e l a h t e r p i s a h k a n d a r i t a n a m a n

i n d u k n y a . K e t i k a m a s i h t e r d a p a t d a l a m t a n a m a n i n d u k n y a ,

k e h i l a n g a n k a r e n a t r a n s p i r a s i m a s i h d i g a n t i k a n o l e h a l i r a n

a i r y a n g d i a b s o r b s i a k a r d a n d i t r a n s l o k a s i k a n k e b u a h .

S e s u d a h p a n e n t i d a k a d a p e n g g a n t i a n , litaka k e h i l a n g a n s u b s -

t r a t d a n a i r t i d a k d a . p a t d i g a n t i d a n m u l a i l a h p r o s e s k e -

m u n d u r a n ( d e t e r i o r a s i ) . O l e h k a r e n a i t u k o m p o s i s i d a n niu-

t u n y a m e n g a l a m i p e r u b a h a n - p e r u b a h a n , m i s a l n y a p e r u b a h a n

n a r n a , p e r u b a h a n k e k e r a s a n , p e r u b a h a n k a n d u n g a n p a t i , k a n -

d u n g a n g u l a d a n l a i n - l a i n .

S e l a m a p r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n b u a h , k l o r o f i l l a m b a t l a u n

a k a n t e r d e g r a d a s i d a n s e b a l i k n y a muncu 1 w a r n a k u n i n g d a r i

p i g m e n k a r o t e n o i d d a n x a n t h o f i l . B u a h y a n g m a s i h muda

b e r w a r n a h i j a u , k a r e n a k l o r o f i l memegang p e r a n a n p e n t i n g

p a d a b u a h muda. S e t e l a h d i p a n e n t e r j a d i p e r u b a h a n y a n g

d i s e b a b k a n p e m e c a h a n k l o r o f i l , s e h i n g g a w a r n a k u n i n g d a r i

t e r b u k a (Simmonds, 1 9 8 2 )

Mekanisme d e g r a d a s i k l o r o f i l m e n u r u t Wills, eC '71.

( 1 9 8 1 ) d i s a j i k a n p a d a Gambar 2 :

K l o r o f il---

k l o r o f i l a s e f i t 0 1

F e o f

i t i n

k l o r o f l i n

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L 0 2

Gambar 2 . Mekanisme D e g r a d a s i K l o r o f i l ( W i l l s , e t

a l . , 1 9 8 1 )

Wills e t a l . (198.1) m e n y a t a k a n bahwa f a k t o r - f a k t o r

y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i d e g r a d a s i k l o r o f i l a n t a r a l a i n a d a l a h

p H , o k s i g e n , s u h u d a n e n z i m k l o r o f i l a s e . A k t i v i t a s e n z i m

i i l o s o f i l a s e d a l a m b u a h p i s a n g b e r t a m b a h b e s a r p a d a s a a t

b u a h m e n c a p a i p u n c a k k l i m a k t e r i k , k e m u d i a n meiiurun s a m p a i

a n g k a n o 1 s e t e l a h l e w a t k l i m a k t e r i k ( v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 )

T a h a p - t a h a p p e r u b a h a n w a r n a p a d a p e m a s a k a n b u a h

p i s a n g m e n u r u t

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T e l t s t u r b u a h d i t e n t u k a n o l e h s e n y a w a - s e n y a w a p e k t i n ,

s e l l u l o s a d a n h e m i s e l l u l o s a . S e l a m a p e m a t a n g a n , b u a h

i i l e n j a d i l u n a k k a r e n a m e n u r u n n y a j u m l a h s e n y a w a t e r s e b u t .

P e k t i n y a n g t i d a k l a r u t ( p r o t o p e k t i n ) s e l a n l a p e r n a t a n g a n

b u a h d i u b a h d e n g a n p e r t o l o n g a n b e r b a g a i e n z i m m e n j a d i

p e k t i n y a n g l a r u t ( v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 ) . S e l a n j u t n y a

p e k t i n y a n g l a r u t t e r s e b u t k e m u d i a n d i p o l i m e r i s a s i l a g i

~ n e n j a d i u n i t - u n i t k e c i l y a n g m u n g k i n a k h i r n y a l n e n j a d i asam

g a l a k t u r o n a t . H a l t e r s e b u t l a h y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n p e r u h a h a n

k e k e r a s a n pada d a g i n g b u a h . E n z i m - e n z i m y a n g a k t i f d a l a i n

ha1 i n i a d a l a h p e k t i n e s t e r a s e ( P E ) , p o l i g a l a k t u r o n a s e

(PC)

d a n m u n g k i n p r o t o p e k t i n a s e

.

H e n u r u t S i m m o n d s ( 1 9 8 2 ) j u m l a h s e l u l o s a p a d a d a g i n g

b u a h s e k i t a r 1 - 2 % d a n s e d i k i t m e n u r u n p a d a s a a t p e m a t a n g a n

b u a h . S e d a n g k a n j u m l a h h e m i s e l u l o s a p a d a b u a h p i s a n g y a n g

m a s i h h i j a u sebesar 7-8%; s e t e l a h b u a h m a t a n g m e n u r u n

m e n j a d i

1

p e r s e n . S e n y a w a p e k t i n , s e l u l o s a d a n h e m i s e l u - l o s a i n i m e r u p a k a n k a r b o h i . d r a t c a d a n g a n y a n g l a b i l , k a r e n a

d a p a t d i h i d r o l i s a m e n j a d i g u l a s e d e r h a n a , asam d a n m e n j a d i

s e n y a w a y a n g d i g u n a k a n pada p r o s e s r e s p i r a s i selama pema-

s a k a n b u a h .

P a t i

d

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n

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d

a

P e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n p a t i d a n p e n a m b a h a n k a n d u n g a n g u -

1.3 m e r u p a k a n s i f a t y a n g p a l i n g m e n o n j o l selalna p e m a t a n g a l l

S i m m o n d s ( 1 9 8 2 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k a n d u n g a n p a t i p a d a

b u a h y a n g m a s i h h i j a u s e b e s a r 2 0 % d a n m e n u r u n m e n j a d i 1

-

2 % p a d a b u a h p i s a n g y a n g m a t a n g . P e r u b a h a n i n i b a n y a k

b e r g a n t u n g p a d a k o n d i s i - k o n d i s i p e n y i m p a n a n s e p e r t i tem-

p e r a t u r , l a m a n y a w a k t u p e n y i m p a n a n d a n k e a d a a n f i s i o l o g i s

d a r i p r o d u k .

S e l a m a p r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n b u a h , g u l a y a n g d o m i n a n d a -

l a m p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a a d a l a h s u k r o s a , g l u k o s a , f r u k t o s a d a n

t a r d a p a t s e j u m l a h k e c i l m a l t o s a . K a n d u n g a n g u l a p a d a b u a h

p i s a n g y a n g m a s i h muda a t a u h i j a u h a n y a s e k i t a r 1

-

2 % ,

t e t a p i s e t e l a h matang a k a n m e n i n g k a t m e n j a d i 15

-

2 0 %

( S i m n o n d s , 1 3 8 2 ; v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 3 5 0 ) .

L e b i h l a n j u t v o n L o e s e c k e ( 1 9 5 0 ) m e n d a p a t k a n b a h w a

k a n d u n g a n g l u k o s a , f r u k t o s a d a n s u k r o s a s e m u a n y a m e n i n g k a t

selama p e m a t a n g a n b u a h . ' P r o p o r s i j u m l a h g l u k o s a d i b a n -

d i s g k a n d e n g a n j u m l a h f r u k t o s a a d a l a h s e k i t a r 58 : 4 2

p e r s e n j u m l a h t o t a l g u l a r e d u k s i . B e r i k u t i n i d a p a t d i l i -

h a t p e r u b a h a n p a t i m e n j a d i g u l a r e d u k s i p a d a p e r c u b a a n

y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h S t r a t o n d a n v o n L o e s e c k e

claLun

v o n L o e s e c k e , ( 1 9 5 0 ) p a d a k e l e m b a b a n d a n t e m p e r a t u r tempal; p e -

T a b e l 2 . P e r s e n t a s e K a n d u n g a n P a t i d a n G u l a R e d u k s i p a d a D a g i n g Buah P i s a n g Ambon ( v o n L o e s e c k e

1 9 5 0 )

Waktu P e n y i m p a n a n

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S e l a m a p r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n t e r j a d i p e ~ p i n d a h a n a i r d a r i

k u l i t k e d a g i n g b u a h y a n g m e n g a k i b a t k a n p e n u r u n a n k a d a r

a i r k u l i t b u a h . P e r p i n d a h a n a i r d a r i k u l i t k e d a g i n g s e -

b a g a i a k i b a t i n e n i n g k a t n y a t e k a n a n o s m o t i k p a d a d a g i n g b u -

a h . P e n i n g k a t a n t e k a n a n o s r n o t i k p a d a d a g i n g b u a h i n i d i -

s e b a b k a n k a r e n a k a n d u n g a n g u l a p a d a d a g i a g b u a h b e r t a m b a h

l e b i h c e p a t d a r i p a d a p e r t a m b a h a n k a n d u n g a n g u l a p a d a k u -

l i t ( S i m m o n d s , 1 9 8 2 ; v o n L o e s e o k e , 1 9 5 0 ) .

K a d a r a i r d a g i n g b u a h m e n i n g k a t s e l a m a p e m a t a n g a n bu-

b u a h d a n d a r i k a r b o h i d r a t y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n d a l a m p r o s e s

r e s p i r a s i . K a d a r a i r d a g i n g b u a h y a n g m a s i h h i j a u b e r k i -

s a r a n t a r a 63

-

7 4 % d a n selama p e m a t a n g a n m e n i n g k a t m e n j a -

d i 68

-

7 7 % "(van L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 ) .

P e r u b a h a n i o E o b o t

D i z i m z A U t B u h

E o b o t d a g i n g b u a h t e r u s b e r t a n ~ b a h selama p e m a t a n g a n

b u a h , s e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n m e n i n g k a t n y a k a d a r a i r n y a . S c b a -

l i k n y a , k a d a r a i r k u l i t m e n u r u n . Ma1 t e r s e b u t m e n g a k i b a t -

k a n p e r u b a h a n r a t i o d a g i n g k u l i t b u a h { v o n L o e s e c k e ,

1 9 5 0 ) .

/

R a t i o i n i m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u c a r a u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n

k e m a t a n g a n b u a h . R a t i o b o b o t d a g i n g k u l i t b u a h i n i me-

n i n g k a t selama p r o s e s p e m a t a n g a n d a n n i l a i n y a s e k i t a r 1 . 4 8

w a k t u b u a h m a s i h h i j a u d a n m e n i n g k a t m e n j a d i 2 . 6 7 pada

w a k t u m a s a k ( v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 ) .

Von L o e s e c k e ( 1 9 5 0 ) h e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a d a k e s e p a k a t a n

y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n h u b u n g a n a n t a r a w a k t u m a s a k b u a h y a n g

t e p a t d e n g a n r a t i o d a g i n g k u l i t b u a h i n i . M a s a k o p t i l n u m

yang d i s u k a i d i t u n j u k k a n o l e h w a r n a k u l i t k u n i n g d a n r a t i o

d a g i n g k u l i t b u a h sebesar 2 . 0 .

R a t i o b o b o t d a g i n g k u l i t b u a h b a n y a k b e r h u b u n g a n

d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n a i r b u a h . P a d a b u a h y a n g ~ n a s i h h i j a u

n i l a i n y a s e k i t a r 1 . 2

-

1 . 6 t e r g a n t u n g d a r i k e p a d a t a n b u a h

n y a d a n n i l a i t e r s e b u t m e n i n g k a t m e n j a d i 2 . 2

-

2 . 4 l e n a t

L e b i h j a u h , S i n ~ m o n d s ( 1 9 8 2 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e n i n g -

k a t a n r a t i o b o b o t d a g i n g k u l i t b u a h i n i b e r h u b u n g a n d c n g a n

p e r u b a h a n k o n s e n t r a s i g u l a p a d a k e d u a j a r i n g a n t c r s e b u t .

K a n d u n g a n g u l a m e n i n g k a t l c b i h c e p a t p a d a d a g i n g b u a h d i -

b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n k u l i t b u a h s e h i n g g a m e n i n g k a t k a n t a k a n a n

o s m o t i k n y a . K e m u d i a n d a g i n g b u a h m e n y e r a p a i r y a n g t e r -

k a n d u n g d a l a m k u l i t b u a h s e d e n i i k i a n s e h i n g g a m e n y c b a b k a n

p e r u b a h a n r a t i o d a g i n g k u l i t b u a h .

T o t a l

S a l a m a p e m a t a n g a n t e r j a d i k e n a i k a n k e a s a m a n d a l a m d a -

g i n g b u a h s a m p a i m e n c a p a i maksimum p a d a s a a t t e r c a p a i n y a

p u n c a k p e r k e m b a n g a n b u a h , d a n d i s u s u l a d a n y a s e d i k i t p e n u -

r u n a n d e n g a n s e m a k i n m a t a n g n y a b u a h ( P a n t a s t i c o , 1986;

S i m m o n d s , 1 9 8 2 ; v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 ) :

P r o d u k s i asam y a n g m e n i n g k a t d a n p e n u r u n a n n y a meng-

i k u t i k e c e n d e r u n g a n y a n g ' sama d e n g a n h i d r o l i s a p a t i . K e -

t i k a p r o s e s t e r s e b u t c e p a t , maka k e a s a m a n b e r t a m b a h s e c a r a

c e p a t d a n b i l a k e c e p a t a n h i d r o l i s a t e r s e b u t m e n u r u n , maka

k e a s a m a n c e n d e r u n g m e n u r u n ( v o n L o e s e c k e , 1 9 5 0 ) .

8 a n y a k p e n e l i t i a n y a n g t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p a r a a h l i u n t u k

m e n g e t a h u i j e n i s asam y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a b u a h p i s a n g .

Yang p a i i n g b a n y a k t e r d a p a t a d a l a h asam malat d i s a m p i n g

asam

s i t r a t , asam

t a r t r a t ,

asam

o k s a l a t , a s a m a s e t a t d a n

asam b u t i r a t . P a d a b u a h p i s a n g y a n g s u d a h i n a t a n g t e r d a p a t

s e j u m l a h asam o k s a l a t , s e d a n g k a n p a d a b u a h y a n g m a s i h men-

~ ! 2 s ~ L i l ~ a ~ ~ h

M e n u r u t Kader ( 1 9 0 5 ) b u a l i p i s a n t ! n ~ c m p u n y a i l t c c c l , a t a n

r e s p i r a s i s e d a n g y a i t u m e n g h a s i l k a n 1 0 - 2 0 m E / k g - j a m p a d a

l c i s a r a n s u l i ~ 1 15 OC d a n l c o c e g a t o n p ~ - o c l u l t s i a t . i l . c n s c d a n g

y a i L u s c h e s a r 1 : 0 - 1 O . O u g C 2 l l q / k r j - . j a l i ~ p o d i l i c i r ; : ~ r a r i s u t i l l ;![I

' C s o l i i i ~ r : g a bush p i s a r i , : di.jJolon,!lc;lrl h ~ r a l l lc1i1~1ultl;oi.i.l:.

S e b e l u m n y a S i n i m o n d s ( 1 9 8 2 ) t e l a h t n e n y a t a l t a n b a h w a r o s p i r a -

s i p a d a b u a h p i s a n g s e t e l a h p a n e n i n o n u n j u l t k a r i p o l a t e r t e n -

t u . P o l a r e s p i r a s i b u a h p i s a n g d a n b e b e r a p a b u a h l a i n n y a

d i t u n j u l < l t a n p a d a G a l n b a r 4 (Wills, 1 9 8 1 ; v o n L o e s c c l t e . LEISO).

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K e h i l u n g a n Hasil S e t e l a h P a n e n

K e h i l a n g a n h a s i l p a n e n b u a h - b u a h a n d a n s a y u r - s a y u r a n

d i n e g a r a m a j u s e k i t a r 5 - 2 5 2 , s e d a n g k a n d i n e g a r a b e r k e m -

b a n e l e b i h t i n g e i y a i t u 20-50 p e r s e n . C e r d a s a r k a n k e c e p a -

t a n r u s a k n y a b u a h p i s a n g d i g o l o n g k a n p a d a k e l o m p o k b u a h

y a n g k e c e p a t a n r u s a k n y a s e d a n g ( K a d e r , 1985).

S e j u m l a h p r o s e s f i s i o l o g i d a n b i o l t i m i a t e r j a d i p a d a

b u a h - b u a h y a n g t e l a h d i p a n e n . P r o s e s t e r s e b u t m e n g a k i b a t -

k a n t e r j a d i n y a p e r u b a h a n p a d a m u t u , p e n a m p a k a n d a n k o n d i s i

b u a h . P e r u b a h a n y a n g t e r j a d i s e t e l a h b a t a s w a k t u t e r t e n t u

m e n y e b a b k a n p e n u r u n a n m u t u b u a h . P e n u r u n a n k u a n t i t a t i f

d a n k u a l i t a t i f d a p a t t e r j a d i p a d a s e t i a p t a h a p p a s c a p a n e n

s e p e r t i p a d a t a h a . p p e r s i a p a n , p e n y i i n p a n a n s e m e n t a r a , p e n g -

a n g k u t a n , p e m a s a r a n d a n p e n y a j i a n d i r u m a h iconsumen.

B a n y a k f a k t o r y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n k e h i l a n g a n p a s c a p a n e n

t e r s e b u t , a n t a r a l a i n : k e h i l a n g a n d i s e b a b k a n p e l u k a a n f i -

s i k / m e k a n i k , k e h i l a n g a n k a r e n a k e r u s a k a n f i s i o l o g i s d a n

k e h i l a n g a n k a r e n a s e r a n g a n hama d a n p e n y a k i t ( S a l u n k h e d a n

D e s a i , 1 9 8 4 ) .

. .

an P a s c a P W Pe.bkm.n-- v

P e n a n g a n a n p a s c a p a n e n b u a h p i s a n g y a n g b u r u k , b a i l c

p e m a n e n a n , p e n g e m a s a n , p e n g a n g k u t a n d a n p e m a s a r a n y a n g

d i l a k u k a n s e m b a r a n g a n a k a n i n e n g a k i b a t k a n b u a h p i s a n g mudah

s e k a l i m e n g a l a m i p e l u k a a n f i s i k / m e k a n i k . K a r e n a t e k s t u r -

n y a y a n g r e l a t i f l u n a k , loaka b u a h p i s a n g m e m e r l u k a c ~ p e n a n -

t e r j a d i p a d a s e m u a t a h a p p a s c a p a n e n m u l a i c l a r i pernungutail

s a e p a i p a d a w a k t u b u a h d i k o n s u m s i . P e l u k a a n f i s i k / m e k a n i k

t e r s e b u t m e n g a k i b a t k a n b u a h l e b i h tnudah t e r s e r a n g p e n y a k i t

d a n hama ( S a l u n k h e dark D e s a i , 1 9 8 4 ) .

K

-

e

r

. .

c

K e r u s a k a n f i s i o l o g i s l e b i h m e n u n j u k k a n p a d a k e r u s a k a n

j a r i n g a n y a n g t i d a k d i s e b a b b a i k o l e h p a t o g e n maupun k e r u

s a k a n m e k a n i k . K e r u s a k a n f i s i o l o g i s i n i b e r k e m b a n g s e s u a i

d e n g a n k e a d a a n l i n g k u n g a n , m i s a l n y a s u h u a t a u k e k u r a n g a n

u n s u r h a r a p a d a t a h a p p e r t u m b u h a n d a n p e r k e m b a n g a n t a n a m a n

( W i l l s , e t a l . , 1 9 8 1 ) .

K e h i l a n g a n k a r e n a k e r u s a k a n f i s i o l o g i s b i s a d i s e b a b k a n

k a r e n a k e h i l a n g a n k e l e m b a b a n s e c a r a a l a m i a h ( t r a n s p i r a s i )

a t a u k a r e n a a d a n y a p r o s e s a b n o r m a l y a n g d i s e b a b k a n f a k t o r

l i n g k u n g a n , m i s a l n y a p a n a s , d i n g i n , s i n a r m a t a h a r i d a n

l a i n - l a i n . K e c e p a t a n k e r u s a k a n f i s i o l o g i s i n i b i s a men-

i n g k a t a p a b i l a k o n d i s i r u a n g p e n y i m p a n a n t i d a k m e n g u n t u n g -

k a n , m i s a l n y a d a l a m r u a n g a n b e r s u h u r e n d a h a t a u t i n g g i d a n

RH y a n g r e n d a h ( P a n t a s t i c o , l 9 8 6 ; S a l u n k h e d a n D e s a i ,

1 9 8 4 ) .

Wills, e t a l . (1981) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e n y i m p a n a n p a d a

s u h u r e n d a h d i s a m p i n g m e n g u n t u n g k a n , k a r e n a m e n u r u n k a n k e -

c e p a t a n r e s p i r a s i d a n m e t a b o l i s m e a k a n t e t a p i j u g a m.em-

p u n y a i e f e k y a n g b u r u k k a r e n a t i d a k s e m u a k o m o d i k i t a h a n

t e r h a d a p p e n y i m p a n a n p a d a s u h u r e n d a h i n i . B u a h p i s a n g

k e r u s a k a n k a r e n a ' d i n g i n ' y a n g b i a s a d i s e b u t s e b a g a i

' c h i l l i n g i n j u r y ' .

P e n y a k i t pasca p a n e n p a d a p i s a n g d a p a t d i s e b a b k a n o l e h

i n f e k s i m i k r o o r g a n i s m a b a i k s e b e l u o l maupun s e s u d a h i n f e k s i

u t i k r o b i o l o g i s y a n g t e r j a d i

semasa

b u a h m a s i h b e r a d a p a d a t a n a m a n y a n g d i s e b u t i n f e k s i l a t e n ( S i m m o n d s , 1 9 8 2 ) . P a d a

s a a t i t u g e j a l a s e r a n g a n belurn t a m p a k . I n f e l c s i m i l r r o o r -

g a n i s m a s e s u d a h p a n e n b i a s a n y a m a s u k k e d a l a n i b u a h n i e l a l u i

l u k a y a n g t e r j a d i . P e l u k a a n t e r s e b u t d a p a t t e r j a d i p a d a

s a a t p e m e t i k a n , p e n g a n g k u t a n , p e n y i s i r a n a t a u p u n p e n y i n i -

p a n a n . S e t e l a h i n f e k s i t e r j a d i , maka p e r k e r n b a n g a n p a t o g e n

t e r s e b u t s a n g a t d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h k o n d i s i s e k e l i l i n g d a n

k o m p o s i s i b a h a n i t u . S u h u d a n k e l e m b a b a n y a n g t i n g g i p a d a

r u a n g p e n y i m p a n a n a k a n membantu p e r k e m b a n g a n p a t o g e n .

D i s a m p i n g i t u , k a n d u n g a n g u l a y a n g t i n g g i d a n k e a s a m a n

y a n g r e n d a h m e r u p a k a n medium y a n g b a i k b a g i p e r t u m b u h a n

m i k r o o r g a n i s m a p e n y e b a b p e n y a k i t p a s c a p a n e n ( E c k e r t ,

1 9 8 0 ) .

B e b e r a p a p e n y a k i t pasca p a n e n p a d a p i s a n g t e l a h b a n y a k

d i t e l i t i o l e h p a r a p e n e l i t i d i b e r b a g a i n e g a r a , i n i s a l n y a

p e n y a k i t ' A n t h r a c n o s e ' y a n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h c e n d a w a n

C o l l e t o t r i c h u m m u s a e , p e n y a k i t 'Crown R o t ' d i s e b a b k a n o l e h

B o t r y o d i p l o d i a t h e o b r o ~ u a e . , C o l l e t o t r i c t ~ u m mrisae, C e p h a l o s - p o r i u ~ n s p .

,

Fusariulri r o s e t l m , V e r t i c i l l ii1111 t h e o b r o ~ l i a e ,

d i s e b a b k a n o l e h N i g r o s p p o r a s p l i a e r i c a , p e n y a k i t ' T i p R o t ' d i s e b a b k a n o l e h Gibberella f u ~ . i l i u r o i ( E c k e r t , 1930).

P r o s e d u r p e n a n g a n a n p a s c a p a n e n u n t u k m e n e k a n k e h i -

l a n g a n h a s i l a d a l a h d e n g a n c a r a p e m a n e n a n y a n g b e n a r d a n

t e p a t , p e n y i m p a n a n p a d a s u h u r e n d u h , p e n y i m p a n a n p a d a k o n -

d i s i a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i , p e m a k a i a n z a t k i m i a , r a d i a s i ,

p e n g e p a k a n , d a n p e n g o l a h a n y a n g b e n a r . P r o s e d u r t e r s e b u t

b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n l i n g k u n g a n y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i k e m u n d u r a n

d a n k e h i l a n g a n h a s i l y a i t . u s u h u , k e l e m b a b a n , k o m p o s i s i

a t m o s f e r , e t i l e n d a n f a k t o r l a i n s e p e r t i p e n g g u n a a n b a h a n ,

k i m i a ( W i l l s , 1981; K a d e r , 1 9 8 5 ) .

P e n y i n p a n a n d a l a n S i s t e n A t m o s f e r T e r m o d i f i k a s i

P e n a m b a h a n C 0 2 d a l a m r u a n g p e n y i m p a n a n m e r u p a k a n s a l a h

s a t u c a r a p e n s r a p a n a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i . S e c a r a t e k n i k

a t m o s f e r t e r m o d i f i k a s i m e n c a k u p p e n a m b a h a n a t a u p e n g u r a n g -

a n gas-gas y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n a t m o s f e r y a n g b e r b e d a d e n g a n

a t m o s f e r b i a s a ( P a n t a s t i c o , 1 9 8 6 ) . P e n e l i t i - p e n e l i t i y a n g

pertama b e k e r j a d i b i d a n g p e n y i m p a n a n d a l a m a t m o s f e r

t e r -

m o d i f i k a s i m e n y a d a r i b a h w a c a r a p e n y i m p a n a n t e r s e b u t me-

n y e b a b k a n p e r u b a h a n p r o s e s m e t a b o l i k d a s a r p a d a b u a h y a n g

d i s i m p a n

.

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dalarn

P a n . t a s t i c o ( 1 9 8 6 ) ~ n e n y a t a k a n b a h w a C 0 2 m e n u n d a p e n i n g k a t a n p e r m u l a a n r e s p i r a s i p a d a

b u a h a p o k a t d a n m e n u r u n k a n l a j u p e n y e r a p a n 0 2 p a d a p u n c a k

k l i m a k t e r i k . P e n g e m a s a n b u a h r a m b u t a n y a n g t e l a h m a t a n g

s e b a n y a k 1 0 % m e m b e r i e f e k k e r u s a k a n p a l i n g k e c i l ( M u h i d i n ,

1 9 8 9 ) .

L a p o r a n p e n e l i t i a n L i &&m P a n t a s t i c o ( 1 9 8 6 ) menun-

j u k k a n bahwa b u a h y a n g d i s h p a n d a l a m s i s t e l n a t m o s f e r t c r -

m o d i f i k a s i m e m p u n y a i k a n d u n g a n g u l a l e b i h b a n y a k s e t e l a h

m a t a n g d a r i p a d a b u a h y a n g d i s i m p a n s e c a r a b o n v e n s i o n a l .

K a d e r e t a l . ( 1 9 8 5 ) m e n y a t a k a n m e t o d e a n a l i s i s y a n g

d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m o n i t o r k o m p o s i s i a t m o s f e r d a l a m r u a n g

p e n y i m p a n a n a d a l a h C02 d a n O 2 a n a l y z e r .

S u h u P e n y i m p a n a n d a n P e m b e r i a n F u n g i s i d a

R e s p i r a s i y a n g t e r j a d i d a l a m b u a h m e l i b a t k a n s e j u m l a h

r e a k s i e n z i m a t i k . L a j u r e a k s i - r e a k s i i n i m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n

m e n i n g k a t n y a s u h u ( W i l l s , 1 9 8 1 ; K a d e r , 1 9 8 5 ; P a n t a s t i c o ,

1 9 8 6 ) .

S a m p a i s e k a r a n g p e n d i n g i n a n m e r u p a k a n s a t u - s a t u n y a ca-

r a e k o n o m i s u n t u k p e n y i m p a n a n j a n g k a p a n j a n g y a n g d a p a t

m e n u n d a k e m a t a n g a n ( P a n t a s t i c o , 1 9 8 6 ) .

B u a h - b u a h a n k e l o m p o k k l i m a k t e r i k y a n g d i b i a r k a n p a d a

s u h u 3 0 OC a k a n m e n g a l a m i p e l u n a k a n d a n p e m a t a n g a n s e r t a

g a g a 1 m e m b e n t u k w a r n a n o r m a l , s e b a l i k n y a p e n y i ~ n p a n a n p a d a

s u h u d i b a w a h 1 0

OC

j u g a k u r a n g m e n g u n t u n g k a n b a g i b u a h -

b u a h y a n g s e n s i t i f t e r h a d a p k e r u s a k a n p a d a s u h u r e n d a h

(Wills, 1 9 8 1 ) .

S e a L a n d ' s C o m m i t m e n t ( 1 9 8 8 ) m e n y a t a k a n bahwa s u h u

o p t i m u m u n t u k t r a n p o r t a s i s e k i t a r 1 4 . 4 OC d e n g a n

d a p a t m e m p e r t a h a n k a . n p i s a n g ambon d a l a m k o n d i s i b a i l c

selama 2 8 h a r i .

P e n y i m p a n a n p a d a s u h u r e n d a h m e r u p a k a n c a r a y a n g p a -

l i n g e f e k t i f u n t u . k m e n g u r a n g i k e b u s u k a n b u a h . Namun b e r -

b a g a i j e n i s p a t o g e n d a p a t b e r k e m b a n g d a l a m s u b s t r a t y a n g

s e s u a i p a d a s u h u r e n d a h ( S a b a r i d a n P o e r n o m o , 1 9 8 6 ) .

G r e e n e d a n G o o s

dalam

P a n t a s t i c o (1986) m e l a p o r k a n b a h w a

T h i e l a v i a p s i s p a r a d o x a d a p a t m e n y e b a b k a n p e i n b u s u k a n y a n g l u a s p a d a b u a h p i s a n g y a n g d i a n g k u t d e n g a n s u h u 1 3 . 8 O C .

A p l i k a s i f u n . g i s i d a b e n o m y l s e g e r a s e t e l a h p e m a n e n a n

d ' h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e n g h a m b a t p e r k e m b a n g a n p a t o g e n . Pembe-

r a n t a s a n p e n y a k i t p a s c a p a n e n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n f u n g i s i d a

t e l a h b a n y a k d i l a k u k a n

.

B e r d a s a r k a n l a p o r a n h a s i l p e n e l i -

t i a n S a b a r i d a n P o e r n o m o (1986) d o s i s f u n g i s i d a 2 5 0 - 7 5 0

ppm b e n o m y l b e l u m c u k u p e f e k t i f m e n g h a m b a t p e r k e m b a n g a n

p e n y a k i t pasca p a n e n p a d a p i s a n g . S e l a n j u t n y a d i n y a t a l r a n

b a h w a s a m p a i b a t a s t e r t e n t u m a k i n t i n g g i d o s i s b e n o m y l

y a n g d i b e r i , k a n s e m a k i n b a i k e f e k p e n g h a m b a t i a n n y a t e r h a d a p

p e r t u m b u . h a n p e n y a k i t .

P e m a t a n g a n B u a h P i s a n g d e n g a n Etilen

E t i l e n a d a l a h p r o d u k m e t a b o X i s m e a l a m i t a n a m a n , m e r u -

p a k a n h o r m o n t u m b u h s e d e r h a n a d e n g a n 6 0 - 1 0 0 k a l i i e b i h a k -

tif

d a r i p a d a s e n y a w a t e r l a r u t l a i n n y a . E t i l e n m e r u p a k a n s a t u - s a t u n y a s e n y a w a t e r l a r u t y a n g d i p r o d u k s i d a l a m j u m l a h

E t i l e n m e n j a d i a g e n p e n y e b a b t i m b u l n y a p e r u b a h a n p e r -

m e a b i l i t a s

s e l

s e l a m a pemasakan d a n p e m a t a n g a n b u a h s e r t a

m e r a n g s a n g r e s p i r a s i d a n s i n t e s i s p r o t e i n p a d a b u a h - b u a h

m e n t a h t e r t e n t u , s e h i n g g a k e m a t a n g a n b u a h l e b i h c e p a t t e r -

c a p a i ( W e a v e r , 1 9 7 2 ) .

P e m a t a n g a n optimum b u a h - b u a h a n memerlukan k o n d i s i

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : s u h u 1 8 - 2 5 O C , RH 9 0 - 9 5 %, k o n s e n t r a s i

e t i l e n 10-100 ppm d a n lama p e c l a k u a n 24-72 jam ( K a d e r ,

1 9 8 5 ) . S e b e n a r n y a k o n s e n t r a s i e t i l e n u n t u k p e m a t a n g a n

r e n d a h ( 1 0 u l / l ) d e n g a n w a k t u a p l i k a s i 24 jam d a n suilu

a n t a r a 1 5 - 2 1 OC, k o n s e n t r a s i y a n g t i n g g i d i g u n a k a n k a r e n a

r u a n g a n p e m a t a n g a n t i d a k s e p e n u h n y a k e d a p u d a r a ( W i l l s ,

1 9 8 1 ; K a d e r , 1 9 8 5 ) .

E t h r e l m e r u p a k a n b a h a n k i m i a d e n g a n f o r m u l a 2-

C h l o r o e t h y l p h o s p o n i c a c i d y a n g d a p a t membentuk e t i l e n d a n

d i g u n a k a n u n t u k menyeragamkan k e m a t a n g a n d a n w a r n a b u a h .

Mekanisme p e m b e n t u k a n e t i l e n d a s i e t h r e l d i g a m b a r k a n o l e h

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e t i l e n p a d a pH d i a t a s 3 . 5 . D a l a m c a i r a n s e l (pH s e k i t a r

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P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k g n d i L a b o r a . t o r i u m P c n g e i n a s a n

d a n L a b o r a t o r i u m P e n g a w a s a n Mutu J u r u s a n T e k n o l o g i I n d u s -

t r i , F a k u l t a s T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n

B o g o r .

P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r l a n g s u n g s e j a k t a n g g a l 6 P e b r u a r i

s a m p a i 1 9 M a r e t 1 9 9 0 .

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B a h a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h Musa

( A A A g r u p ) ' p i s a n g a m b o n ' y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i k e b u n p e t a n i

d i d e s a C i s a l a d a , K a b u p a t e n B o g o r . P i s a n g ambon y a n g

d i b u t u h k a n s e b a n y a k 4 t a n d a n , d i p a n e n s e r e m p a k s e t e l a h 3

b u l a n k e l u a r j a n t u n g d a r i u j u n g b a t a n g s e m u . K a n t o n g

p l a s t i k p o l i e t i l e n d e n g a n k e t e b a l a n 60 u , p a n j a n g

x

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3 0 cm x 17 c m d i g u n a k a n u n t u k mengemas p i s a n g . P e r a l a t a n

g a s m e l i p u t i t i g a b u a h b o t o l g a s m a s i n g - m a s i n g b e r i s i C 0 2 ,

O2 d a n

N 2

y a n g d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n s e l a n g d a n a l a t p e n g u k u r

t e k a n a n g a s , a l a t p e n c a m p u r gas d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n f l o w

meter, CO2 a n a l y z e r m e r k c o s m o s t y p e XPO-314 d a n s a t u b u a h

0 2 a n a l y z e r m e r k c o s m o s - 317 y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g u k u r

p e r s e n t a s e awal g a s C02 d a n 0 2 . S a t u b u a h a l a t p e n u t u p

p l a s t i k ( s e a l e r ) . P e n y i m p a n a n d i l a k u k a n d a l a m l e m a r i

p e n d i n g i n ( c o n d i t i o n c h a m b e r t y p e O S K 6328) y a n g d i l e n g k a -

E t h r e l 4 0 PGIi ( b a h a n a k t i f e t e f o n 4 8 0 g / 1 ) d i g u n a k a n

p a d a p e r c o b a a n p e m a t a n g a n .

T i m b a n g a n a n a l i t i k , p e n e t r o m e t e r dasl o v e n d i g u n a k a n

u n t u k m e n g a m a t i p e r u b a h a n f b s i k y a n g t e r j a d i p a d a b u a h

p i s a n g . Bahan d a n a l a t a n a l i s i s k i m i a m e l i p u t i Al(OH)3,