ŝ
3(/$.6$1$$16,67(03(1*(/2/$$1$56,3
$.7,),1$.7,)',.$1725%$'$1',./$7
$56,3'$13(53867$.$$1'$(5$+
.$%83$7(1&,/$&$3
6.5,36,
8QWXN0HPSHUROHK*HODU6DUMDQD3HQGLGLNDQ 3DGD 8QLYHUVLWDV1HJHUL6HPDUDQJ
2OHK 0XNUL/LVWLDQL
-8586$13(1',',.$1(.2120,
)$.8/7$6(.2120,
ŝŝ
3(56(78-8$13(0%,0%,1*
6NULSVLLQLWHODKGLVHWXMXLROHKSHPELPELQJXQWXNGLDMXNDQNHVLGDQJSDQLWLDXMLDQ
VNULSVLSDGD
+DUL 6HODVD
7DQJJDO 0DUHW
0HQJHWDKXL
.HWXD-XUXVDQ3HQGLGLNDQ(NRQRPL 3HPELPELQJ
ŝŝŝ
3(1*(6$+$1.(/8/86$1
6NULSVL LQL WHODK GLSHUWDKDQNDQ GL GHSDQ VLGDQJ 3DQLWLD 8MLDQ 6NULSVL )DNXOWDV (NRQRPL 8QLYHUVLWDV1HJHUL6HPDUDQJSDGD
+DUL 5DEX
7DQJJDO $SULO
3HQJXML, 3HQJXML ,, 3HQJXML,,,
'UV0DULPLQ03G,VPL\DWL63G03G 'U$GH5XVWLDQD06L 1,31,31,3
ŝǀ
3(51<$7$$1
6D\D PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD \DQJ WHUWXOLV GL GDODP VNULSVL LQL EHQDUEHQDU KDVLO NDU\D VD\D VHQGLULEXNDQMLSODNDQGDULNDU\DWXOLVRUDQJODLQEDLNVHEDJLDQDWDXVHOXUXKQ\D3HQGDSDW DWDXWHPXDQRUDQJODLQ\DQJWHUGDSDWGDODPVNULSVLLQLGLNXWLSDWDXGLUXMXNEHUGDVDUNDQNRGH
HWLNLOPLDK$SDELODGLNHPXGLDQKDULWHUEXNWLVNULSVLLQLDGDODKKDVLOMLSODNDQGDULNDU\DWXOLV RUDQJODLQPDNDVD\DEHUVHGLDPHQHULPDVDQNVLVHVXDLGHQJDQNHWHQWXDQ\DQJEHUODNX
ǀ
02772'$13(56(0%$+$1
0RWWR
'RQ¶W-XVW'UHDP2I6XFFHVV
:DNH8S*HW8S$QG 'R6RPHWKLQJ8VHIXOO 0DULR7HJXK
3HUVHPEDKDDQ
7DQSD PHQJXUDQJL UDVD V\XNXU NHKDGLUDW $OODK 6:7 NDU\DNX LQL NXSHUVHPEDKNDQNHSDGD
ǀŝ
35$.$7$
3XML V\XNXU SHQ\XVXQ SDQMDWNDQ NHKDGLUDW $OODK 6:7 \DQJ WHODK PHOLPSDKNDQ VHJDOD UDKPDW GDQ NDUXQLD1\D VHKLQJJD SHQ\XVXQ GDSDW
PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ VNULSVL GHQJDQ MXGXO ³3(/$.6$1$$1 6,67(0
3(1*(/2/$$1 $56,3 $.7,) ,1$.7,) ', .$1725 %$'$1 ',./$7 $56,3 '$1 3(53867$.$$1 '$(5$+ .$%83$7(1 &,/$&$3´6NULSVLLQLGLVXVXQXQWXNPHPHQXKLSHUV\DUDWDQJXQDPHPSHUROHK JHODV 6DUMDQD 3HQGLGLNDQ SDGD SURJUDP VWXGL 3HQGLGLNDQ (NRQRPL 8QLYHUVLWDV
1HJHUL6HPDUDQJ
3HQ\XVXQ PHQ\DGDUL EDKZD SHQ\XVXQDQ VNULSVL LQL WLGDN GDSDW
WHUVHOHVDLNDQWDQSDEDQWXDQGDQGXNXQJDQ GDUL EHUEDJDLSLKDN2OHKNDUHQDLWX SHQXOLVPHQJXFDSNDQWHULPDNDVLKNHSDGD
3URI'U)DWKXU5RNKPDQ0+XP5HNWRU8QLYHUVLWDV1HJHUL6HPDUDQJ\DQJ
WHODKPHQJLMLQNDQSHQ\XVXQPHQ\HOHVDLNDQSHQGLGLNDQGL8QLYHUVLWDV1HJHUL 6HPDUDQJ
'U:DK\RQR00'HNDQ)DNXOWDV(NRQRPL8QLYHUVLWDV1HJHUL6HPDUDQJ \DQJWHODKPHQJHVDKNDQVNULSVLLQL
'U$GH5XVWLDQD06LNHWXD-XUXVDQSHQGLGLNDQ(NRQRPL)DNXOWDV(NRQRPL 8QLYHUVLWDV 1HJHUL 6HPDUDQJ \DQJ WHODK PHPEHULNDQ LMLQ SHQHOLWLDQ NHSDGD SHQ\XVXQ
ǀŝŝ
6HOXUXK%DSDNGDQ,EXGRVHQ3HQGLGLNDQ(NRQRPL\DQJWHODKEHUEDJLEDQ\DN LOPXVHEDJDLEHNDOSHQHOLWLDQVNULSVLGDQEHNDOXQWXNPDVDGHSDQ
7XOXV :LERZR 6+ 63G 06L VHODNX .HSDOD %DGDQ 'LNODW $UVLS GDQ
3HUSXVWDNDDQ'DHUDK.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS\DQJWHODKEHUVHGLDPHPEHULNDQLMLQ NHSDGDSHQ\XVXQXQWXNPHODNXNDQSHQHOLWLDQ
&ULVWLDQD 'HZL 6+ 3HODNVDQD $GPLQLVWUDVL 'LNODW \DQJ WHODK PHPEHULNDQ LMLQGDQPHPEDQWXWHUODNVDQDQ\DSHQHOLWLDQLQL
6XJHQJ 66RV .HSDOD 3HOHVWDULDQ GDQ .HDPDQDQ $UVLS \DQJ WHODK EHUVHGLD
PHPELPELQJGDQPHPEDQWXWHUODNVDQDQ\DSHQHOLWLDQVNULSVL
$QG\5DKPDW*XPLODU$UVLSDULVGDQ 6WDIISHQJHORODDQDUVLSLQDNWLI\DQJWHODK
EHUSHUDQVHEDJDLUHVSRQGHQXQWXNPHPEDQWXWHUODNVDQDQ\DSHQHOLWLDQVNULSVL $GLNNX WHUVD\DQJ +DQGRNR 'ZL 3UDERZR \DQJ VHODOX PHPEHULNDQ
VHPDQJDW
.HOXDUJD 3$3$ WHUFLQWD GDQ WHPDQWHPDQ 3$3% \DQJ VHODOX EHUEDJLLOPXGDQVDOLQJPHQ\HPDQJDWLGDODPSHQ\XVXQDQVNULSVL
6HPXDSLKDN\DQJWLGDNGDSDWGLVHEXWNDQVDWXSHUVDWX\DQJWHODKPHPEDQWX GDODPSHQXOLVDQVNULSVLLQL
6HPRJD VNULSVL \DQJ WHODK WHUVXVXQ LQL GDSDW PHPEHULNDQ PDQIDDW GDQ
PHQDPEDKLOPXVHUWDZDZDVDQEDJLSHPEDFD
6HPDUDQJ0DUHW
ǀŝŝŝ 6$5,
/LVWLDQL0XNUL³3HODNVDQDDQ6LVWHP3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS$NWLI,QDNWLIGL .DQWRU %DGDQ 'LNODW $UVLS GDQ 3HUSXVWDNDDQ 'DHUDK .DEXSDWHQ &LODFDS´ 6DUMDQD 3HQGLGLNDQ (NRQRPL $NXQWDQVL 8QLYHUVLWDV 1HJHUL 6HPDUDQJ 3HPELPELQJ$GH5XVWLDQD06L
.DWDNXQFL6LVWHP3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS$NWLI$UVLS,QDNWLI
3HODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS PHUXSDNDQ EDJLDQ SHQWLQJ GDODP NHJLDWDQ DGPLQLVWUDVL 6LVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS GLNDWDNDQ SHQWLQJ NDUHQD DUVLS \DQJPHUXSDNDQKDVLOUHNDPDQDFXDQGDQEDKDQSHUWLPEDQJDQVXDWXNHSXWXVDQ PHQMDGLNDQSHODNVDQDDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLSKDUXVGDSDWGLSHUKDWLNDQPXODL GDUL FDUD EDJDLPDQD PHQJRODK DUVLS GHQJDQ EDLN GDQ EHQDU NHJLDWDQ SHPHOLKDUDDQ GDQ SHQJDPDQDQ DUVLS VHUWD IDVLOLWDV \DQJ KDUXV GLPLOLNL GHPL PHQGXNXQJNHJLDWDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLS
7XMXDQSHQHOLWLDQLQLXQWXNPHQGHVNULSVLNDQWHQWDQJ3HODNVDQDDQ6LVWHP 3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS$NWLI,QDNWLIGL.DQWRU%DGDQ'LNODW$UVLSGDQ3HUSXVWDNDDQ 'DHUDK .DEXSDWHQ &LODFDS 3HQHOLWLDQ LQL PHUXSDNDQ SHQHOLWLDQ .XDOLWDWLI 'HVNULSWLI GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ WHNQLN SHQJXPSXODQ GDWD EHUXSD REVHUYDVL ZDZDQFDUDGDQGRNXPHQWDVL$QDOLVLVGDWD\DQJGLJXQDNDQDGDODKSHQJXPSXODQ GDWDSHUHGXNVLDQGDWDGDQSHQDULNDQNHVLPSXODQ
+DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS DNWLI PHOLSXWL NHJLDWDQ SHQFDWDWDQ SHQDWDDQ SHQ\LPSDQDQ SHPLQMDPDQ DUVLSGDQSHQHPXDQNHPEDOLDUVLSSHPLQGDKDQDUVLSNHGHSRDUVLSVHUWDNHJLDWDQ SHPHOLKDUDDQ GDQ SHUDZDWDQ DUVLS 6HGDQJNDQ SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLSLQDNWLIGL%LGDQJNHDUVLSDQPHOLSXWLNHJLDWDQSHQJXPSXODQDUVLSSHPLODKDQ DUVLSSHQGLVNULSVLDQDUVLSSHPEXQJNXVDQDUVLSSHQLODLDQDUVLSPDQXYHUNDUWX SHQRPRUDQ GHILQLWLI PDQXYHU EHUNDV SHQDWDDQ DUVLS GDODP ERNV SHQ\XVXQDQ ERNV DUVLS GL UDN DUVLS SHQFDWDWDQ GL EXNX GDIWDU SHUWHODDQ DUVLS '3$ SHPHOLKDUDDQ GDQ SHUDZDWDQ DUVLS LQDNWLI SHPLQMDPDQ GDQ SHQJDZDVDQ DUVLS LQDNWLIGDQNHJLDWDQSHPXVQDKDQDUVLSLQDNWLI
ŝdž $%675$&7
/LVWLDQL0XNUL³,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ2I5HFRUGV0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV$FWLYH
,QDFWLYHLQ7KH2IILFH7UDLQLQJ$JHQF\/LEUDU\DQG$UFKLHYHFLODFDS5HJHQF\´ )LQDO SURMHFW (FRQRPLFV (GXFDWLRQ 'HSDUWPHQW 6HPDUDQJ 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\͘ $GYLVRU$GH5XVWLDQD06L
.H\ZRUG ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHP $FWLYH $UFKLYH ,QDFWLYH $UFKLYH
,PSOHPHQW RI UHFRUGV PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP LV DQ LPSRUWDQW SDUW RI WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ6\VWHPPDQDJHPHQWRIDUFKLYHVLVVDLGLVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHWKH DUFKLYH LV WKH UHVXOW RI UHFRUGLQJ UHIHUHQFH DQG FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RI D GHFLVLRQ WR PDNH WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP WKDW UHFRUGV VKRXOG EH FRQVLGHUHGUDQJLQJIURP KRZWRSURFHVVWKHUHFRUGSURSHUO\WKHPDLQWHQDQFHDQG VHFXULW\RIWKHDUFKLYHDVZHOODVWKHIDFLOLWLHVWREHSRVVHVVHGLQIDYRUDUFKLYH PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPDFWLYLWLHV
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
dž '$)7$5,6,
+DODPDQ
+$/$0$1-8'8/ L
3(56(78-8$13(0%,0%,1* LL
3(1*(6$+$1.(/8/86$1 LLL
3(51<$7$$1 LY
02772'$13(56(0%$+$1 Y
35$.$7$ YL
6$5, YLLL
$%675$&7 [
'$)7$5,6, [L
'$)7$5*$0%$5 [LY
'$)7$5/$03,5$1 [Y
%$%,3(1'$+8/8$1
/DWDU%HODNDQJ0DVDODK
3HUXPXVDQ0DVDODK
7XMXDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
0DQIDDW3HQHOLWLDQ
%$%,,/$1'$6$1 72(5,
$UVLS
3HQJHUWLDQ$UVLSGDQ.HDUVLSDQ
-HQLV$UVLS
džŝ
+DODPDQ
6LVWHP.HDUVLSDQ
3HQWLQJQ\D6LVWHP.HDUVLSDQ\DQJ%DLN
6LVWHP3HQ\LPSDQDQ
3URVHGXU.HDUVLSDQ
3URVHGXU3HQFDWDWDQGDQ3HQGLVWULEXVLDQ
3URVHGXU3HQ\LPSDQDQ
3HPHOLKDUDDQ3HUDZDWDQGDQ3HQJDPDQDQ$UVLS
3HPHOLKDUDDQ$UVLS
3HUDZDWDQ$UVLS
3HQJDPDQDQ$UVLS
3HQ\XVXWDQ GDQ3HPLQGDKDQ$UVLS
$QJND3HPDNDLDQ$UVLS
3HQ\XVXQDQ-DGZDO5HWHQVL
3HPLQGDKDQ$UVLS
3HPXVQDKDQ$UVLS
3HQHOLWLDQ7HUGDKXOX
.HUDQJND3HPLNLUDQ7HRULWLV
%$%,,,0(72'(3(1(/,7,$1
'DVDU3HQHOLWLDQ
)RNXV3HQHOLWLDQ
/RNDVL3HQHOLWLDQ
džŝŝ
+DODPDQ
$ODW GDQ7HNQLN3HQJXPSXODQ'DWD
2EMHNWLYLWDVGDQ.HDEVDKDQ'DWD
0RGHO$QDOLVLV'DWD
3URVHGXU3HQHOLWLDQ
%$%,9+$6,/'$13(0%$+$6$1
'HVNULSVL/RNDVL3HQHOLWLDQ
%DGDQ'LNODW$UVLSGDQ3HUSXVWDNDDQ'DHUDK.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS
)XQJVL.DQWRU%$1',./$7$UVLSGDQ3HUSXVWDNDDQ'DHUDK
.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS
+DVLO3HQHOLWLDQ
3HODNVDQDDQ6LVWHP3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS$NWLIGL.DQWRU'LNODW .HQGDOD GDODP3HODNVDQDDQ6LVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLSDNWLI
6ROXVL
3HODNVDQDDQ6LVWHP3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS,QDNWLI
.HQGDOD 6ROXVL 3HPEDKDVDQ
3HODNVDQDDQ6LVWHP3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS$NWLI .HQGDODGDODP3HODNVDQDDQ6LVWHP3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS$NWLI
džŝŝŝ
6ROXVL %$%93(18783
.HVLPSXODQ
6DUDQ '$)7$53867$.$
džŝǀ
'$)7$5*$0%$5
+DODPDQ
*DPEDU.HUDQJND%HUILNLU
*DPEDU/DQJNDKODQJNDK$QDOLVLV'DWD
*DPEDU/HPEDU3HQJDQWDU6XUDW5DKDVLD
*DPEDU %DJDQ8PXP3HQDWDDQ$UVLS6XUDW0DVXN
*DPEDU %DJDQ8PXP3HQDWDDQ$UVLS6XUDW.HOXDU
džǀ
'$)7$5/$03,5$1
%$%, 3(1'$+8/8$1 /DWDU%HODNDQJ0DVDODK
$UVLS PHUXSDNDQ ZDUNDW \DQJ PHPLOLNL EHUEDJDL NHJXQDDQ :DUNDW VHEDJDL DUVLS PHPLOLNL SHUDQ SHQWLQJ GDODP NHDUVLSDQ \DLWX VHEDJDL VXPEHU
LQIRUPDVLGDQVXPEHUGRNXPHQWDVLEDJLEHUMDODQQ\DVHEXDKRUJDQLVDVL 0HQXUXW
6XJLDUWR³DUVLSUHFRUGDGDODKVHWLDSFDWDWDQWHUWXOLVEDLNGDODPEHQWXN
JDPEDU DWDXSXQ EDJDQ \DQJ PHPXDW NHWHUDQJDQNHWHUDQJDQ PHQJHQDL VHVXDWX
VXE\HN SRNRN SHUVRDODQ DWDXSXQ SHULVWLZDSHULVWLZD \DQJ GLEXDW RUDQJ XQWXN
PHPEDQWX GD\D LQJDW RUDQJ LWX SXOD´ 'DODP VHEXDK RUJDQLVDVL DWDX OHPEDJD
SHPHULQWDKDQ PDXSXQ VZDVWD DUVLS PHPLOLNL SHUDQ SHQWLQJ \DQJ PHPXDW NHWHUDQJDQNHWHUDQJDQDWDXLQIRUPDVL \DQJGDSDWGLJXQDNDQGDODPSHQJDPELODQ NHSXWXVDQ\DQJWHSDWWHUNDLWPDVDODK\DQJGLKDGDSL
$UVLSVHEDJDLVXPEHUGDWDGDQLQIRUPDVLGDSDWGLVLPSDQGDODPEHUEDJDL EHQWXNGDQPHGLDGDQDUVLSVHQGLULPHPLOLNLDUWL\DQJEHUGDVDUSDGD881R
WDKXQSDVDOD\DW\DLWX
³5HNDPDQNHJLDWDQDWDXSHULVWLZDGDODPEHUEDJDLEHQWXNGDQPHGLDVHVXDL GHQJDQSHUNHPEDQJDQWHNQRORJLLQIRUPDVLGDQNRPXQLNDVL\DQJGLEXDWGDQ GLWHULPD ROHK OHPEDJD QHJDUD SHPHULQWDKDQ GDHUDK OHPEDJD SHQGLGLNDQ SHUXVDKDDQRUJDQLVDVLSROLWLNRUJDQLVDVLNHPDV\DUDNDWDQGDQSHUVHRUDQJDQ GDODPSHODNVDQDDQNHKLGXSDQEHUPDV\DUDNDWEHUEDQJVDGDQEHUQHJDUD´
'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ DUVLS PHUXSDNDQ KDO \DQJ WLGDN DVLQJ ODJL EDJL VXDWX RUJDQLVDVLPDXSXQOHPEDJDSHPHULQWDKDQPHQJLQJDWEDKZDDUVLSPHUXSDNDQDVHW
Ϯ
EXNXQ\D 0RHNLMDW PHQJDWDNDQ ³.HDUVLSDQ PHUXSDNDQ GDVDU
SHQ\LPSDQDQ ZDUNDWZDUNDW NHDUVLSDQ PHQJDQGXQJ SURVHV SHQ\XVXQDQ GDQ SHQ\LPSDQDQ ZDUNDWZDUNDW VHGHPLNLDQ UXSD VHKLQJJD ZDUNDWZDUNDW WHUVHEXW
GDSDWGLNHWHPXNDQNHPEDOLDSDELODGLSHUOXNDQ´2OHKNDUHQDLWXVHWLDSRUJDQLVDVL GDQOHPEDJDEDLN3HPHULQWDKPDXSXQVZDVWDPHODNXNDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLS
EHUGDVDUNDQNHWHQWXDQ\DQJDGDGDQVHVXDLGHQJDQNHEXWXKDQGDULPDVLQJPDVLQJ LQVWDQVLWHUVHEXW
6LVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS PHPHJDQJ SHUDQDQ SHQWLQJ GDODP NHJLDWDQ
EHURUJDQLVDVL KDO LQL WDN MDXK SXOD GDUL EDJDLPDQD SLKDN SHQJRODK PHODNXNDQ SURVHGXU SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS \DQJ EDLN GDQ EHQDU 'DODP EXNXQ\D 6XJLDUWR
PHQMHODVNDQEDKZD
³.DWD VLVWHP GDODP KXEXQJDQQ\D GHQJDQ VLVWHP NHDUVLSDQ ELDVDQ\D
PHQXQMXNNDQ SDGD PHWRGH SHQ\XVXQDQ DWDX SHQJJRORQJDQ DNDQ WHWDSL GDSDW MXJD EHUDUWL PDFDPPDFDP SHUOHQJNDSDQ \DQJ GLSHUJXQDNDQ RUJDQLVDVLSHQ\XVXQDQWHQDJDNHUMDGDQPHWRGHPHWRGH\DQJGLSHUJXQDNDQ DSDELODPHPLQMDPDWDXPHQJHPEDOLNDQVXUDWVXUDW'RNXPHQDUVLS´
'DODP KDO LQL VXDWX RUJDQLVDVL DWDX OHPEDJD SHPHULQWDKDQ WHUWHQWX
EHUXVDKDXQWXNPHODNXNDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLSGHQJDQEDLNGDQEHQDUDJDU GDODPSHQHPXDQNHPEDOLDUVLS\DQJGLEXWXKNDQWLGDNPHPDNDQZDNWXODPDGDQ
LQIRUPDVL GDODP DUVLS PDVLK WHUVLPSDQ DNXUDW WLGDN KDQ\D GDODP SURVHV SHQJRODKDQ WHWDSL GDODP SHQJHORODDQQ\D DUVLS SHUOX GLWDQJDQL ROHK RUDQJ \DQJ PHQJHUWLGDQPHPDKDPLWHQWDQJDUVLS\DLWX\DQJPHPLOLNLSHQJHWDKXDQWHQWDQJ
DUVLSGDQEDJDLPDQDPHQDQJDQLDUVLS
6LVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLS\DQJEDLNGDQEHQDUGDODPSHODNVDQDDQQ\DSHUOX
ϯ
WHPSDW SHQ\LPSDQDQ DUVLS UDN DUVLS ER[ DUVLS OHPDUL DUVLS GDQ ODLQODLQ 6HEDJDLPDQDGLMHODVNDQGDODP8QGDQJXQGDQJ1RWDKXQSDVDOD\DW EDKZD
³3HQFLSWDDUVLSGDQOHPEDJDNHDUVLSDQPHQ\HGLDNDQSUDVDUDQDGDQVDUDQD NHDUVLSDQ VHVXDL GHQJDQ VWDQGDU NHDUVLSDQ XQWXN SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS
VHEDJDLPDQDGLPDNVXGGDODPSDVDOD\DW´'HQJDQWHUVHGLDQ\DIDVLOLWDV
\DQJ PHPDGDL GDSDW PHQGXNXQJ SHODNVDQDDQ SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS \DQJ GLGXNXQJ SXOD GHQJDQ NHWUDPSLODQ NHWHOLWLDQ NHUDSLDQ GDQ NHFHUGDVDQ VXPEHUGD\DPDQXVLDQ\DGDODPPHPDQIDDWNDQIDVLOLWDV\DQJDGD´
6LVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLSGDODPVXDWXRUJDQLVDVLPHPLOLNLNHWHQWXDQVHQGLUL VHVXDL GHQJDQ NHEXWXKDQ RUJDQLVDVL GLOLKDW GDUL EDJDLPDQD RUJDQLVDVL WHUVHEXW
PHQHQWXNDQVLVWHPDSD\DQJDNDQGLJXQDNDQXQWXNPHODNXNDQSHQJHORODDQDUVLS WHUGDSDWSXODEHEHUDSDSULQVLS\DQJGDSDWGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLDFXDQEDJLVHEXDK RUJDQLVDVLWHUWHQWXGDODPPHODNVDQDNDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQ\DQJEDLNGDQEHQDU
PHQXUXW 6XJLDUWR PHQ\DPSDLNDQ EDKZD SULQVLS GDODP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS\DQJEDLNDGDODK
3HQJHORODDQDUVLSVHGLNLWPXQJNLQ
3HQJHORODDQDUVLS\DQJEHQDUEHQDUEHUPDNQDDWDXEHUJXQD 3HQJHORODDQDUVLSVHFDUDKHPDWGDQVHGHUKDQD
3HQJHORODDQ DUVLS \DQJ PXGDK FHSDW GDQ WHSDW GDODP SHQHPXDQ NHPEDOL
6LVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ ROHK VHEXDK RUJDQLVDVL WHUWHQWX PHPLOLNLNHWHQWXDQWHUVHQGLULEHUGDVDUNDQNHEXWXKDQGDQNHSHQWLQJDQRUJDQLVDVL
WHUVHEXWKDOLQLWDNMDXKGDULMHQLVMHQLVDUVLS\DQJDNDQGLRODK\DLWX$UVLSDNWLI DUVLS LQDNWLI GDQ DUVLS VWDWLV \DQJ SDGD GDVDUQ\D PHUXSDNDQ DUVLS \DQJ VDQJDW SHQWLQJ GDODP NHKLGXSDQ WHUXWDPD NHKLGXSDQ EHURUJDQLVDVL 0HQXUXW 3ULDQVD
EDKZD³DUVLSGLQDPLVLQDNWLIDGDODKDUVLS\DQJVXGDKWLGDNGLJXQDNDQ
ϰ
VHZDNWXZDNWX PDVLK GLSHUOXNDQ VHKLQJJD SHUOX GLVLPSDQ´ $UVLS ,QDNWLI PHUXSDNDQDUVLS\DQJVHFDUDWLGDNODQJVXQJGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLEDKDQLQIRUPDVL WHWDSLWHWDSGLODNXNDQDGDQ\DSHQJHORODDQWHUKDGDSDUVLSLQDNWLINDUHQDDUVLSLQL
GDSDWGLJXQDNDQXQWXNNHSHQWLQJDQUHIHUHQVLSHQJDPELODQNHSXWXVDQ.HGXDDUVLS LQLEDJDLPDQDSXQMXJDPHUXSDNDQVXPEHULQIRUPDVLGDQVXPEHUGDWDSHQJLQJDW
EDJL RUJDQLVDVL WHUXWDPD SLPSLQDQ \DQJ DNDQ EHUWLQGDN GDODP PHQJDPELO NHSXWXVDQ
6HEHOXP VHEXDK 2UJDQLVDVL PHPXODL SURVHV VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS
SHUOX GLSDKDPL WHUOHELK GDKXOX WHQWDQJ DUVLS MHQLV DSD \DQJ DNDQ GLNHOROD GDQ NHPXGLDQPHQHQWXNDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQ EHUGDVDUNDQNHEXWXKDQDUVLSWHUVHEXW
'DODPEXNXQ\D 0XO\RQR PHQ\DPSDLDQ³'DODPUDQJNDPHQDWDDUVLS GHQJDQ EDLN SHUOX GLNHORPSRNNDQ GDODP JRORQJDQ DUVLS +DO LQL XQWXN PHPXGDKNDQSHQLODLDQGDODPSHQ\LPSDQDQPDXSXQSHQ\LQJNLUDQEDJLDUVLS\DQJ
VXGDK WLGDN PHPLOLNL QLODL JXQD´ %HUGDVDUNDQ SDGD XODVDQ GLDWDV VDQJDW
GLSHUOXNDQ SHQJHWDKXDQ WHQWDQJ NHDUVLSDQ SDGD DUVLS GLQDPLV NDUHQD DUVLS LQL
PHQMDGL DUVLS \DQJ VDQJDW SHQWLQJ 0HQJHWDKXL EDQ\DN WHQWDQJ DUVLS GLQDPLV PDND DNDQ GDSDW PHQHQWXNDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS GLQDPLV \DQJ EDLN GDQ EHQDU -LND GDODP 3HODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS GLQDPLV LWX EDLN GDQ
EHQDUSDVWLWLGDNDNDQDGDNHQGDODNHQGDOD\DQJWHUMDGLGDODPNHJLDWDQRUJDQLVDVL MLNDDGDPDNDNHPXQJNLQDQDNDQNHFLONHQGDOD\DQJGLKDGDSL
ϱ
VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS DNWLI LQDNWLI GL .DQWRU %DGDQ 'LNODW $UVLS GDQ 3HUSXVWDNDDQ'DHUDK.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS7HUGDSDWMHQLVDUVLS\DQJGLNHORODGL GXD WHPSDW EHUEHGD GHQJDQ SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ \DQJ EHUEHGD SXOD
\DLWX XQWXN DUVLS DNWLI GLNHOROD GL .DQWRU GLNODW GDQ DUVLS LQDNWLI GL NHOROD GL .DQWRU DUVLS DWDX 'HSR DUVLS MXJD WHUGDSDW DUVLS VWDWLV \DQJ GLVLPSDQ GL GHSR
DUVLS DUVLS VWDWLV LQL EHUDVDO GDUL DUVLS \DQJ GLNLULP ROHK OHPEDJDOHPEDJD SHPHULQWDKDQ VHWHPSDW XQWXN GLODNXNDQ SHQ\LPSDQDQ GDQ VDDW GLNLULP XQWXN GLSLQGDKNDQ VHEHOXPQ\D DUVLS LQL PHUXSDNDQ DUVLS MHQLV DNWLI \DQJ NHPXGLDQ
EHUXEDKPHQMDGLDUVLSLQDNWLI NDUHQDGLVLPSDQGLGHSRDUVLS
%DGDQ3HQGLGLNDQGDQSHODWLKDQPHPSXQ\DLWXJDVSRNRN\DLWX0HPEDQWX
%XSDWL GDODP SHQ\XVXQDQ GDQD SHODNVDQDDQ NHELMDNDQ GDHUDK GL ELGDQJ SHQGLGLNDQ GDQ SHODWLKDQ KDO LQL EHUGDVDUNDQ SDGD 3HUDWXUDQ 'DHUDK .DEXSDWHQ &LODFDS1RWDKXQ7DNKDQ\DLWX%DGDQGLNODWMXJDPHPLOLNLPLVL\DLWX
PHQ\HODPDWNDQ PHPHOLKDUD GDQ PHQJDPDQNDQ DUVLS VHEDJDL VDUDQD LQIRUPDVL XWDPD GDODP SHQ\HOHQJJDUDDQ SHPHULQWDKDQ \DQJDFFRXQWDEOH +DO LQL GDSDW
GLNHWDKXLEDKZD%DGDQ'LNODWWDNKDQ\DVHEDJDLVHEXDK%DGDQ\DQJPHPEHULNDQ SHQGLGLNDQGDQSHODWLKDQWHUKDGDSFDORQSHJDZDLWHWDSLMXJDPHPLOLNLWXJDVGDQ IXQJVLODLQ\DLWXSHUDQQ\DGDODPSURVHVSHQJHORODDQDUVLS
6XGDK EDQ\DN DUVLS DNWLI PDXSXQ LQDNWLI \DQJ WHUFLSWD GL .DQWRU 'LNODW $UVLSGDHUDK.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDSVHKLQJJDVXGDKEDQ\DNDUVLS\DQJGLNHORODGDQ
ϲ
$USXVLQLFXNXSSURGXNWLIGDODPPHODNXNDQWXJDVGDQIXQJVLQ\DXQWXNPHQJHOROD DUVLS\DQJDGD6LVWHPGDQ3URVHGXUSHQJHORODDQDUVLSGDULPDVLQJPDVLQJDUVLS EHUEHGDVDWXVDPDODLQ6HEHOXPQ\DSHQHOLWLLQJLQPHQJXQJNDSNDQEDKZDVLVWHP
SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS DGDODK ELVD EHUXSD VLVWHP SHQ\LPSDQDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ DVDV GDQ VLNOXVDUVLSDWDXMXJDEHUGDVDUNDQSDGDPHWRGHSHQJHORODDQ DUVLSWHWDSLGDSDWMXJD
EHUGDVDUNDQSDGDSHUOHQJNDSDQSHUOHQJNDSDQ\DQJGLJXQDNDQGDODPSHQJHORODDQ DUVLS
6LVWHP 3HQJHORODDQ DUVLS DNWLI GDQ LQDNWLI GL .DQWRU 'LNODW GDQ DUSXVGD
PHQJJXQDNDQ DVDV GDQ VLNOXV SHQJHORODDQ 'HVHQWUDOLVDVL GLPDQD SHODNVDQDDQ SHQJHORODDQDUVLSGLWHPSDWNDQGLPDVLQJPDVLQJXQLWRUJDQLVDVLVHGDQJNDQDUVLS
VWDWLV GLGHSR DUVLS PHQJJXQDNDQ VLNOXV SHQJHORODDQ VHQWUDOLVDVL KDO LQL GDSDW GLEXNWLNDQ GHQJDQ KDVLO ZDZDQFDUD SHQHOLWL GHQJDQ .HSDOD 3HQJDPDQDQ GDQ .HOHVWDULDQ$UVLSGDODPNXWLSDQZDZDQFDUDSDGDWDQJJDO2NWREHUEDKZD
³NDOR NLWDVHQWUDOLVDVL XQWXN \DQJ VWDWLV GHVHQWUDOLVDVL XQWXN \DQJ LQDNWLI
GLEDZDKWDKXQ0DNVXGQ\DEHJLQLNDOR\DQJPDVLKGLEDZDKWDKXQLWX PDVLKGLPDVLQJPDVLQJ6.3'WDSL \DQJVXGDKGLDWDVWDKXQGDQ \DQJ VWDWLV VHQWUDO VHNDUDQJ %DKNDQ VXGDK EHUXVDKD XQWXN HPP VDPSDL NH WLQJNDW GHVD QDQWLQ\D DNDQ NLWD WDULN DUVLS VWDWLV \DQJ GLSLQGDK GLGHVD´ .33$
'LSHUNXDW SXOD ROHK SHUQ\DWDDQ GDUL 3LKDN 3HODNVDQD $GPLQLVWUDVL 'LNODW
GDODPZDZDQFDUDSDGDWDQJJDO6HSWHPEHUVHEDJDLEHULNXW
³VHNDUDQJVLVWHPSHQ\LPSDQDQNHDUVLSDQQ\DNLWDPHPDQJVLVWHPQ\DSDNH
ϳ
OLQJNXS VLQL VDPD VHSHUWL WDGL PDVXNNDQ VHVXDL VLVWHPQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQ NRGHNODVLILNDVLWDGL-DGLSHQ\LPSDQDQQ\DVHVXDLXUXWNRGHNODVLILNDVLGDUL VDPSH,WXFDUDSHQ\LPSDQDQVXUDWQ\D´3$GP
6LVWHP \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ GL .DQWRU 'LNODW GDQ 'HSR DUVLS PHQJJXQDNDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ SDGD SHQJJRORQJDQ DWDX VLVWHP NODVLILNDVL GDQ
QRPRU \DQJ EHUSHGRPDQ SDGD 3HUDWXUDQ %XSDWL 1RPRU WDKXQ WHQWDQJ 3HGRPDQ .ODVLILNDVL .HDUVLSDQ GL /LQJNXQJDQ 3HPHULQWDK .DEXSDWHQ &LODFDS 8QWXN SURVHGXU SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS DNWLI GL .DQWRU 'LNODW WHUGLUL GDUL EHEHUDSD
WDKDS \DLWX 3HQHULPDDQ VXUDW 3HQFDWDWDQ GDQ 3HQ\LPSDQDQ SURVHGXU LQL GLODNXNDQXQWXNMHQLVVXUDW\DQJPDVXNPDXSXQVXUDWNHOXDUVHGDQJNDQGL'HSR
DUVLS SURVHGXU SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS LQDNWLI GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ EHUEDJDL WDKDS SXOD \DLWX SHPLODKDQ SHPEHUNDVDQ SHQFDWDWDQ GL NDUWX GHVNULSVL SHPEXQJNXVDQ 0DQXYHU NDUWX GDQ PDQXYHU ILVLN SHQJHER[DQ VHFDUD GHILQLWLI SHODEHODQ
SHQHPSDWDQGDODPERNVSHQFDWDWDQGLEXNXGDIWDUDUVLSSHQLODLDQDUVLSLQDNWLI SHPLQMDPDQDUVLSLQDNWLI
%HUGDVDUNDQ SDGD XUDLDQ GLDWDV GDSDW GLOLKDW EDKZD SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS \DQJ GLODNXNDQ VXGDK VHVXDL GHQJDQ NHEXWXKDQ RUJDQLVDVLQ\D PHVNL PDVLK GLWHPXNDQ ROHK SHQHOLWL EHEHUDSD NHQGDOD \DQJ DGD VDDW REVHUYDVL
GLODNXNDQ %HUGDVDUNDQREVHUYDVL\DQJGLODNVDQDNDQSDGDWDQJJDO0DUHW SXNXO:,%SHQHOLWLPHQJDPDWLGLGXDWHPSDW\DLWXGL.DQWRU'LNODWGDQGL
'HSR $UVLS NDUHQD GXD MHQLV DUVLS LQL \DLWX DUVLS DNWLI GDQ LQDNWLI GLNHOROD GL PDVLQJPDVLQJWHPSDWWHUVHEXW GDQPHVNLSXQOHWDNJHGXQJNDQWRU\DQJWHUSLVDK
ϴ
WHUODOX MDXK 6HODPD REVHUYDVL GLODNXNDQ SHQHOLWL WHODK PHQHPXNDQ EHEHUDSD NHQGDOD GDODP SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS GLQDPLV GL .DQWRU %DGDQ 'LNODW $USXVGD .DEXSDWHQ &LODFDS \DLWX VDDW PHODNXNDQ REVHUYDVL GL .DQWRU
$UVLS'HSR DUVLS XQWXN IRNXV SDGD DUVLS LQDNWLIQ\D GLWHPXNDQ EDKZD GDODP SHQJHORODDQQ\DDUVLSLQDNWLIPHQJDODPLNHQGDODVDDWSHPLODKDQGLODNXNDQKDOLQL
GLNDUHQDNDQ DUVLS \DQJ GLWHULPD GDUL SLKDN 6.3' PDVLK GDODP EHQWXN NDUGXV NDUGXV\DQJGLGDODPQ\DEHOXPMHODVLVLWDWDQDQGDQWLGDNDGDNHWHUDQJDQWHUNDLW DUVLS WHUVHEXW GDQ NHWLGDNSDVWLDQ GDUL SLKDN 6.3' \DQJ DNDQ PHQJLULP DUVLS
DUVLSQ\DNHGHSRDUVLSNDUHQDGDODPKDOLQLWHUGDSDWEHEHUDSD6.3'\DQJEHOXP PHQJLULPNDQ DUVLSDUVLSQ\D NH GHSR VHKXEXQJDQ GHQJDQ KDO WHUVHEXW MXJD
GLVDPSDLNDQ ROHK SHWXJDV DUVLSDULV VDDW ZDZDQFDUD SDGD WDQJJDO 0HL \DLWX
³PHQJHOROD DUVLS LQDNWLIQ\D"LQL NDGDQJNDGDQJ \D DUVLS \DQJ DUVLSQ\D \DQJLQDNWLIQ\DEHQHUEHQHUNDFDXND\DNJLWXWHUODOXEDQ\DNDSDQDPDQ\D OLPEDK GDULSDGD DUVLS DUVLSQ\D LWX NHOLDWDQ PHQXPSXN EDQ\DN EDQJHW EHJLWXGLSLODKWHUQ\DWDDUVLSQ\DVHGLNLW\DQJEDQ\DNOLPEDKWHUQ\DWDGDUL VLWX ELVD GL GL DSD QDPDQ\D NLWD ELVD PHQLODL RK L\D EHOXP ELVD PHPEHGDNDQ PDQD \DQJ DUVLS GDQ PDQD \DQJ QRQ DUVLS VHSHUWL NRQVHS WHUXVDQXNRSLDQ\DQJ\DQJPLVDOQ\DVXGDKPHQJNRSLDUVLS\DQJNRSLDQ DUVLS VHEHQHUQ\D VDWX NRSLDQ FXNXS WDSL DGD \DQJ NRSLDQ ODJL ODJL ODJL GLVLPSDQDNKLUQ\DNDQPHQXPSXNPDXGLEXDQJVD\DQJPDXGLEXDQJWDNXW GLWXPSXNDMDDNKLUQ\DNHOLDWDQQ\DDUVLSQ\DWXPSXNDQQ\DEDQ\DNEDQJHW VHEHQDUQ\DLWX\DQJDGDQRQDUVLSND\DNJLWXWHUXVDSD\DSHPEHUNDVDQQ\D EHOXP LQL GDUL GDUL VDQDQ\D PDVLK PHQFDU PHQFDU JLWX MDGL NLWD EHQHU EHQHU PHPEHUNDVNDQ PHQJJDEXQJNDQ \DQJ \DQJ PDVDODK \DQJ VDPD EHUKXEXQJDQ LWX ODPD PDVDODK PDVDODK \DQJ GL LQDNWLI LWX DMD´ 3$UVSO
ϵ
³L\D WDSL EHOXP EHOXP VHPXD 6.3' SHUWDPD PHQDWD DUVLS PHQDWD DUVLSQ\D \DQJNHGXDEHOXPPHQ\HUDKNDQMXJDEDQ\DNMDGLEHOXPVHPXD 6.3'´3$UVSO
'HQJDQGHPLNLDQGDODPKDOLQLNHJLDWDQSHPLODKDQGDQSHPEHUNDVDQDUVLSLQDNWLI GLGHSRDUVLSPHPEXWXKNDQZDNWX\DQJODPDPHQJLQJDWGDULVHPXD6.3'\DQJ
PHQJLULPDUVLSDUVLSQ\DPDVLKEHUXSDDUVLSNDFDXVHGDQJNDQPDVLKDGDWDKDSDQ WDKDSDQDWDXSURVHGXUVHODQMXWQ\DGDODPPHQJHORODDUVLSVHSHUWLKDOQ\DNHJLWDQ
PDQXYHUILVLNDUVLS\DQJMXJDPHPEXWXKNDQZDNWXODPDXQWXNPHQHQWXNDQILVLN DUVLS EHUGDVDUNDQ PDVDODK NODVLILNDVL +DO LQL SXOD PHPEXNWLNDQ PDVLK EDQ\DN WXPSXNDQWXPSXNDQEHUNDV \DQJEHOXPGLVRUWLUGDQGLRODKNHPXGLDQWHUGDSDW
MXJD DUVLS \DQJ VXGDK GLEXQJNXV PHQJJXQDNDQ NHUWDV SD\XQJ EHUZDUQD FRNODW \DQJ PHQXPSXN GDQ EHOXP GLWLQGDN ODQMXWL VHSHUWL SHQHQWXDQ QRPRU GHILQLWLI
VDPSDL GHQJDQ SHQ\LPSDQDQ GL ERNV GDQ UDN DUVLS +DO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ SDGD SHQJRODKDQDUVLSVHEHOXPQ\DKDUXVPHODNXNDQNHJLDWDQ SHPLODKDQDUVLSGDQQRQ DUVLS VHUWD GLODNXNDQQ\D NHJLDWDQ PDQXYHU NDUWX GDQ PDQXYHU ILVLN \DQJ
PHPEXWXKNDQ ZDNWX EHEHUDSD KDUL XQWXN SURVHV SHQJJDEXQJDQ EHUNDV DUVLS WHUVHEXW 6DUDQD GDQ SUDVDUDQD GL GHSR \DQJ GLQLODL PDVLK NXUDQJ GDODP
PHQGXNXQJ NHJLDWDQ SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS LQDNWLIQ\D PXODL GDUL NXUDQJQ\D SHQHUDSDQ,7 \DQJGLPLOLNLNDUHQDNXUDQJQ\DDKOLPHGLDNXUDQJQ\DVDUDQDGXV
XQWXNWHPSDW PHQ\LPSDQ EHUNDV DUVLS VHPHQWDUD VHEHOXP GLRODK NHPXGLDQ NXUDQJQ\D IDVLOLWDV \DQJ PHQGXNXQJ XQWXN PHODNXNDQ NHJLDWDQ SHPLQGDKDQ DUVLS+DOLQLGLVDPSDLNDQROHK.HSDOD3HQJDPDQDQGDQ.HOHVWDULDQ$UVLSGDODP
ϭϬ
³GLPDVXNNDQGDODPGXV\DGXV\DQJEHVDUDSDGXV\DQJEHNDVGXVEHNDV URNRN DSD KDUXVQ\D LWX EXNDQ VHSHUWL LWX \D VHNHGDU XQWXN PHQJDWDVL NHWHUEDWDVDQ VDUDQD GXV $ODW DQJNXW DODW DQJNXW LWX VHKDUXVQ\D RHPLQGDKDQ LWX GLJXQDNDQ PRELO WHUWXWXS PRELO ERNV GHQJDQ KDUDSDQ WLGDN WHUFHFHU GLMDODQ GDQ DPDQ XQWXN PHPLQGDKNDQQ\D .D NDUQD NLWD PRELO ERNVQ\D WHUEDWDV \D NDOR SHPLQGDKDQ NLWD KDQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQ PRELOEDNWHUEXNDNLWDWXQJJXQL\DLVWLODKQ\D\D´.33$ 'LVDPSDLNDQ SXOD ROHK SHWXJDV DUVLSDULV PHQJHQDL NXUDQJQ\D SHQHUDSDQ
,7\DQJGLPLOLNLGDQNXUDQJQ\DDKOLPHGLDGDODPZDZDQFDUDSDGDWDQJJDO0HL VHEDJDLEHULNXW
³VHEHQDUQ\D PDVLK NXUDQJ EDQ\DN NDUQD NLWD NHQGDOD XQWXN ,7 PDVLK NHWLQJJDODQ GLEDQGLQJNDQ WHUQ\DWD GL NDEXSDWHQ ODLQ LWX ODULQ\D NHQFHQJ SDGDKDONLWDPDVLKRKL\DVHJLWXDMDPLVDOQ\DDGD\DQJVXGDKDKOLPHGLD \DVFHQQHULWXNLWDEHOXPWHUXVDGD \DQJVXGDKPHQJJXQDNDQPHQHUDSNDQ NLWDVHEHQHUQ\DXGDKSXQ\DDSOLNDVLWDSLEHOXPPHQHUDSNDQNDUQDEHOXP PDQWHSVHPHQWDUDGLNDEXSDWHQODLQVXGDKPHQHUDSNDQLWXWDSLNLWDVHGDQJ PHQFRED XQWXN DSD QDPDQ\D \D PHQJHPEDQJNDQ LWX ODK NLWD PHQFRED XQWXNPHQDPEDKPHQDPEDKNHNXUDQJDQLWXODK\DVDUSUDVVLKGLNDWDNDQ PDVLK NXUDQJ VLK PDVLK DMD NDUQD NLWD RK L\D VHSHUWL LWX WDSL NLWD PDVLK EDQ\DN\DQJNXUDQJSHUOXGLWDPEDKVHSHUWLLWX´3$UVSO
%HUGDVDUNDQ881R7DKXQSDVDOD\DWPHQ\DWDNDQ³3UDVDUDQDGDQ VDUDQD NHDUVLSDQ VHEDJDLPDQD GLPDNVXG SDGD D\DW GLPDQIDDWNDQ GDQ
GLNHPEDQJNDQ VHVXDL GHQJDQ NHPDMXDQ WHNQRORJL LQIRUPDVL GDQ NRPXQLNDVL´
6HVXDLGHQJDQDGDQ\DVDUDQDGDQSUDVDUQD\DQJPHQGXNXQJNHJLDWDQSHQJHORODDQ DUVLS DNWLI PDXSXQ LQDNWLI PDND DNDQ PHPXGDKNDQ SHWXJDV DUVLSDULV GDODP
PHQJHORODDUVLSQ\D
2EVHUYDVL GLODNXNDQ VHODQMXWQ\D ROHK SHQHOLWL GL .DQWRU 'LNODW \DLWX .DQWRU GLPDQD DUVLS DNWLI GLODNXNDQ SHQJRODKDQ 3DGD 7DQJJDO 0DUHW
ϭϭ
GLODNXNDQGDSDWGLNHWDKXLEDKZDPHPDQJVHSHQXKQ\DXQWXNDUVLSDNWLIGLODNXNDQ SHQJRODKDQ ROHK 3HQJRODK DUVLS DNWLI GL .DQWRU 'LNODW PXODL GDUL SURVHV VXUDW PDVXNGDQNHOXDUKLQJJDSHQ\LPSDQDQNHGDODP )LOOLQJ&DELQHW'DODPSURVHV
ZDZDQFDUD SDGD WDQJJDO 6HSWHPEHU EHOLDX PHQ\DPSDLNDQ VHFDUD ODQJVXQJNHQGDOD\DQJGLDODPLVHODPDEHUWXJDVGDODPPHQJRODKDUVLS
³VHPHQWDUD EHOXP PHPDQJ NDUHQD PHPDQJ KDUVXQ\D DGD WDSL NDUQD
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´3$GP
'DODPNHQ\DWDDQQ\DSURVHVSHQJHORODDQVXUDW\DQJPDVXNPDXSXQNHOXDU WLGDN GLNHOROD VHSHQXKQ\D ROHK EX GHZL VHODNX 3HODNVDQD $GPLQLVWUDVL DWDX SHQJRODK DUVLS GLNODW WHWDSL GLEDQWX ROHK EHEHUDSD SLKDN \DLWX 3HODNVDQD
$GPLQLVWUDVL GLNODW \DQJ MXJD PHQJHOROD DUVLS DNWLI GLNODW KDO LQL EHUGDVDUNDQ KDVLOZDZDQFDUDGHQJDQSLKDNSHODNVDQDDGPLQLVWUDVLGLNODWSDGDWDQJJDO0HL \DLWX
³DGXK EX GHZL QLK VSHVLDOLVQ\D GDODP KDO VXUDW GLVLQL NDQ VD\D KDQ\D PHPEDQWX\DGHN\D´3$GP
+DOLQLGLODNXNDQXQWXNPHQJDWDVLNXUDQJQ\DMXPODK6'0DUVLSDULVGLNODW'DODP
SURVHV SHQJHORODDQQ\D DUVLS DNWLI GLNODW VXGDK WHUKLWXQJ EDLN GDODP PHQJHOROD DUVLS DNWLIQ\D WHWDSL GDODP SHQHUDSDQ PHWRGH SHPLQMDPDQ DUVLS WLGDN
ϭϮ
³6HPHQWDUD EHOXP PHPDQJ NDUHQD PHPDQJ KDUXVQ\D DGD WDSL NDUQD PHPDQJNDPLPDVLKWHUODOXDSD\DPDVLKVHQGLULVD\DPHQJHORODVHQGLUL NDGDQJNDGDQJPHPDQJEXWXKNKXVXVSHQDQJDQDQVHSHUWLLWXNDQPHPDQJ VHEHQDUQ\D NDOR VHFDUD EHQDUEHQDU VHQWUDOLVDVL LWX PHQJHOROD WLDSWLDS 6.3' WDSL \D 6'0 NDPL \DQJ PHPDQJ PDVLK NXUDQJ MDGLQ\D VDPSDL VHNDUDQJSXQGDIWDUSHPLQMDPDQDUVLSEHOXPWHUODNVDQD.KXVXVQ\D\DQJ DNWLI GLVLQL FXPDQ NDOR \DQJ PDVLQJPDVLQJ ELGDQJ NDUQD VXGDK PHQ\LPSDQ VHQGLULVHQGLUL PHUHND WLGDN VDPSH PHPLQMDP NHVLQL \DQJ SLQMDP PXQJNLQ OLQJNXS VHNUHWDULDW \DQJ VXUDWVXUDW PHUHND PDVLK SHUOX´3$GP
'LSHUNXDWGHQJDQSHUQ\DWDDQROHK3HODNVDQD$GPLQLVWUDVLEDKZD
³EXNXGDIWDUDUVLSDNWLIGLNODWLWXGLVLQLND\DNQ\DJDNSDNHOKRWLGDNSDNH EXNXGDIWDUDUVLSMDGLSDNHQ\D\DSDWRNDQQ\D\DNRPSXWHULVDVLLWXHQWULDQ GDWD LWX JD SDNH WXK EXNX GDIWDU DUVLS DNWLI 'L LQDNWLI DGD WXK GL GHSR EXNX GDIWDU DUVLS LQDNWLI WDSL LQDNWLI DNWLI JDN SDNH GLNODW´3$GP
.HJLDWDQ SHPLQMDPDQ DUVLS PHQXUXW 0XO\RQR ³XQWXN
PHQFHJDK KLODQJQ\D DUVLS \DQJ GLNHOXDUNDQ GDUL WHPSDW SHQ\LPSDQDQ NDUHQD GLSLQMDP ROHK XQLW ODLQ PDXSXQ RUJDQLVDVL ODLQ PDND GLDWXU SHQFDWDWDQ
SHPLQMDPDQ GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ NDUWX SLQMDP DUVLS RXW VOLS´ 3DGD
SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS DNWLI GLNODW WLGDN PHQJJXQDNDQ VORW NDUWX SLQMDP DUVLS GDQ EXNX GDIWDU SHPLQMDPDQ DUVLS GDODP NHJLDWDQ SHPLQMDPDQ DUVLS DNWLI GLNODW
PHQJLQJDW ODJL EDKZD DUVLS DNWLI PHUXSDNDQ DUVLS \DQJ PDVLK VHULQJ NHOXDU WHPSDWSHQ\LPSDQDQPHPEXDWDUVLSDNWLILQLVHULQJGLSLQMDPROHKEHEHUDSDSLKDN
\DQJ PHPEXWXKNDQ 6DDW REVHUYDVL GLODNXNDQ SLKDN SHPLQMDP DUVLS GLNODW GLNHWDKXL KDQ\D SLKDN LQWHUQDO DWDX SLKDN GLNODW VDMD \DQJ PHPLQMDP DUVLS DNWLIQ\DGDQEHOXPSHUQDKPHQJDODPLNHUXVDNDQPDXSXQNHKLODQJDQDUVLSWHWDSL
DNDQOHELKEDLNMLNDWHUGDSDWSHQHUDSDQSHQJJXQDDQNDUWXVORWSLQMDPDUVLSGDQ EXNXGDIWDUSHPLQMDPDQDUVLSDNWLI0HQXUXW0XO\RQR³SDGDGDVDUQ\D
ϭϯ
PHQJHWDKXL LVLQ\D -DGL GDODP SHPLQMDPDQ DUVLS WHUXWDPD DUVLS GLQDPLV SHUOX GLDWXU VHFDUD NHWDW´ +DO LQL XQWXN PHQJKLQGDUL NHKLODQJDQ DUVLS \DQJ PXQJNLQ
WHUMDGLGLZDNWX\DQJDNDQGDWDQJ
)RNXV SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DGDODK PHQHOLWL WHQWDQJ 3HODNVDQDDQ 6LVWHP 3HQJHORODDQ $UVLS $NWLI ,QDNWLI GL .DQWRU %DGDQ 'LNODW $UVLS .DEXSDWHQ
&LODFDS \DLWX PHQJDFX SDGD SHUPDVDODKDQ \DQJ WHUMDGL SDGD SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS GHQJDQNXUDQJQ\DMXPODK6'0NXUDQJQ\DSHQHUDSDQPHWRGHSHPLQMDPDQEXNX GDIWDU DUVLS DNWLI NXUDQJQ\D VDUDQD GDQ SUDVDUQD \DQJ GLPLOLNL ROHK ELGDQJ
NHDUVLSDQSDGDDUVLSLQDNWLI
3HQHOLWLDQ VHEHOXPQ\D GLODNXNDQ ROHK 0DU\XGKL PHQJHQDL 6LVWHP
.HDUVLSDQ SDGD %DGDQ .HOXDUJD %HUHQFDQD GDQ .HOXDUJD 6HMDKWHUD .DEXSDWHQ %RQH+DVLOGDULSHQHOLWLDQLQLPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDVLVWHPNHDUVLSDQSDGD%DGDQ .HOXDUJD %HUHQFDQD GDQ .HOXDUJD 6HMDKWHUD .DEXSDWHQ %RQH EHOXP EHUMDODQ
VHVXDLGHQJDQ\DQJVHKDUXVQ\DGLPDQDGDODPVLVWHPNHDUVLSDQ\DQJGLWHUDSNDQ PDVLKVHGHUKDQDGDQEHOXPGLWHUDSNDQVLVWHPSHPLQMDPDQVHVXDLSURVHGXUVHUWD
NHQGDODNHQGDOD \DQJ PHPSHQJDUXKL VLVWHP NHDUVLSDQ VHSHUWL VXPEHU GD\D PDQXVLDVDUDQDGDQSUDVDUDQDGDODPKDOLQLDODWSHQ\LPSDQDQDUVLSMXJDWHUPDVXN SHPELD\DDQDUVLSEHOXPWHUVHGLDGDQEHOXPVHVXDLNHEXWXKDQVHKLQJJDNHJLDWDQ
NHDUVLSDQEHOXPEHUMDODQGHQJDQEDLNVHVXDLGHQJDQGLKDUDSNDQ'DODPSHQHOLWLDQ LQL\DQJPHPXDWVLVWHPNHDUVLSDQEHOXPEHUMDODQGHQJDQEDLNMXJDGLNDUHQDNDQ
ϭϰ
%DGDQ WHUVHEXW WLGDN EHUMDODQ ODQFDU GDQ PHQJDODPL NHQGDODNHQGDOD VHSHUWL GDODPKDOSHQJXUXVDQGDQSHQJHQGDOLDQVXUDWGRNXPHQ
%DGDQ 'LNODW $UVLS GDQ 3HUSXVWDNDDQ 'DHUDK PHPLOLNL IXQJVL GDODP
SHODNVDQDDQ WXJDV ODLQ GDQ VDODK VDWX PLVL \DQJ GL PLOLNL ROHK 'LQDV WHUVHEXW EHUGDVDUNDQ SDGD 3HUDWXUDQ 'DHUDK .DEXSDWHQ &LODFDS 1RPRU WDKXQ
DGDODK PHQ\HODPDWNDQ PHPHOLKDUD GDQ PHQJDPDQNDQ DUVLS VHEDJDL VDUDQD LQIRUPDVL XWDPD GDODP 3HQ\HOHQJJDUDDQ 3HPHULQWDKDQ 'DODP KDO LQL SHQHOLWL PHQJNDML GDUL REVHUYDVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ EDKZD %DGDQ 'LNODW $UVLS GDQ
3HSUXVWDNDDQ 'DHUDK PHPLOLNL SHUDQ SURGXNWLI GDODP SHQJHPEDQJDQ DUVLS WDN KDQ\DIRNXVSDGDWXJDVSRNRNPDVLQJPDVLQJELGDQJWHWDSLWHWDSPHQJXWDPDNDQ
DUVLSVHEDJDLVXPEHULQIRUPDVLSHUWDPDGDODPNHJLDWDQRUJDQLVDVL+DOLQLGDSDW GLOLKDW GDUL WXJDV GDQ PLVL \DQJ GLPLOLNL ROHK GLQDV WHUVHEXW GDQ SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHPSHQJHORODDQWHUKDGDSDUVLS\DQJGLPLOLNLPHVNLSXQPDVLKGLWHPXNDQROHK
SHQHOLWL EHEHUDSD NHQGDOD \DQJ GLKDGDSL GDODP SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS %HUGDVDUNDQ KDO WHUVHEXW SHQHOLWL LQJLQ PHQJNDML OHELK GDODP WHQWDQJ
³6LVWHP3HQJHORODDQ$UVLS$NWLI,QDNWLIGL.DQWRU%DGDQ'LNODW$UVLSGDQ
3HUSXVWDNDDQ'DHUDK.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS´%DJDLPDQDGDULSLKDN'LQDV'LNODW PDXSXQ.DQWRU$UVLSWHUVHEXWGDODPPHODNVDQDNDQ6LVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLSQ\D
GDQXVDKDXVDKD\DQJGLODNXNDQGDODPPHQJKDGDSLNHQGDODNHQGDOD\DQJWHUMDGL
3HUXPXVDQ0DVDODK
ϭϱ
%DJDLPDQDSHODNVDQDDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLSDNWLIGL.DQWRU%DGDQ 'LNODW.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS"
%DJDLPDQD SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS LQDNWLI GL .DQWRU
%DGDQ$UVLS.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS"
.HQGDODNHQGDODDSDVDMD \DQJGLKDGDSLSDGDVDDWSHODNVDQDDQVLVWHP
SHQJHORODDQDUVLSDNWLIGDQLQDNWLIGLODNXNDQ"
%DJDLPDQD XVDKD \DQJ GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHQJDWDVL KDPEDWDQ GDODP SHODNVDQDDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLSGLQDPLV"
7XMXDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
7XMXDQGDODPSHQHOLWLDQPHUXSDNDQ SHQFDSDLDQ MDZDEDQGDULSHUXPXVDQ
PDVDODK\DQJDGD7XMXDQGDULSHQHOLWLDQLQLDGDODKVHEDJDLEHULNXW
0HQJHWDKXL WHQWDQJ EDJDLPDQD SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS DNWLIGL.DQWRU%DGDQ'LNODW .DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS
0HQJHWDKXL WHQWDQJ EDJDLPDQD SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS LQDNWLIGL.DQWRU%DGDQ$UVLS.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS
0HQJHWDKXLNHQGDODNHQGDODSDGDVDDWSHODNVDQDDQVLVWHPSHQJHORODDQ DUVLS GLQDPLV GLODNXNDQ GL .DQWRU %DGDQ 'LNODW $UVLS GDQ 3HUSXVWDNDDQ'DHUDK.DEXSDWHQ&LODFDS
0HQJHWDKXLEDJDLPDQDXVDKDXVDKD \DQJGLODNXNDQGDODPPHQJDWDVL KDPEDWDQKDPEDWDQ SDGD VDDW SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHP SHQJHORODDQ DUVLS
ϭϲ
0DQIDDW3HQHOLWLDQ
0DQIDDW\DQJELVDGLSHUROHKGDULKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQLQLDGDODK 0DQIDDW7HRULWLV
D +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GLKDUDSNDQ GDSDW PHQJNDML OHELK GDODP WHQWDQJ SHQJHPEDQJDQLOPXNHDUVLSDQ
E +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GDSDW PHQJHPEDQJNDQ ZDZDVDQ LOPX GL ELGDQJ NHDUVLSDQ
0DQIDDW 3UDNWLV
D %DJLSHQHOLWL
0DQIDDW EDJL SHQHOLWL GLKDUDSNDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GDSDW PHQDPEDK
ZDZDVDQ SHQJDODPDQ SHQGDODPDQ WHRUL GDQ SUDNWLN NKXVXVQ\D GL ELGDQJNHDUVLSDQ
E %DJL,QVWDQVL'LQDV
+DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GLKDUDSNDQ GDSDW PHQMDGL VDODK VDWX UXMXNDQ EDJL 'LQDV'LNODWGDQ$USXVGDGDODP SHODNVDQDDQ VLVWHPSHQJHORODDQDUVLS
GLQDPLVGHQJDQOHELKEDLNVHKLQJJDQDQWLQ\DGDSDWWHUFLSWDNHODQFDUDQ GDODPEHURUJDQLVDVL
F %DJL8QLYHUVLWDV
'LKDUDSNDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GDSDW EHUPDQIDDW VHEDJDL VXPEDQJDQ SHPLNLUDQPHODOXLSHQHOLWLDQLOPLDKGDQGDSDWGLMDGLNDQUHIHUHQVLGDODP
