Dampak Karies Gigi Dan Penyakit Periodontal Terhadap

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Nurmala Situmorang : Dampak Karies Gigi dan Penyakit Periodontal terhadap Kualitas hidup,2004 USU Repository©2006

The Impact Of Dental Caries And Periodontal Disease In

Quality Of Life. A Study In Two Sub-Districts In Medan

Municipality.

Reports of the household health survey in the year of 2001 generally indicate that among the diseases with complaints and those without complaints, the prevalence of oral disease is the highest. It covers 60% of the population. Dental caries and periodontal disease are most frequently found in oral cavities so that they become the main oral health problems. Dental caries and periodontal disease are chronic diseases which took a long time in their development so that most of the patients with dental caries and periodontal disease potentially suffer from long-life problems. However people and health program planners frequently do not pay adequate attention to both of these diseases because they seldom endanger life. Study on their impact in quality of life has never been conducted in Indonesia. Results of this study are of great importance in description of the magnitude of the burdens faced by community. The findings could be used as an input for health policy makers in their efforts to improve the quality of life.

The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of dental caries and periodontal disease in quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two subdistricts in Medan municipality in a stratified cluster sampling. Oral examination with the criteria as defined by WHO (DMF-T and CPITN) were conducted at the residence of 360 respondents aged 15-65 years. Quality of life was measured with OHIP-49 (Slade GD), and data analysis was done with multiple logistic regression analysis.

The results of the study show that the prevalence of dental caries in all age groups is 90%, with the average of DMF-T is 6.30. The prevalence of periodontal disease is 96.58 % and 85.18% of the population need dental scaling. Brushing the teeth at the right time, i.e after meal is conducted by only 27.50% of the population, and only 10% visit dentist. The main complaints due to dental caries and periodontal disease are, food catching (66.38%), diet has been unsatisfactory (59.16%), breath has been stale (29.44%), chewing difficulty (26.66%), avoid eating some food (22.22%), sensitive teeth (21.66%), uncomfortable to eat ( 20.27%), and toothache (9.72%). In the 35 respondents using dentures, 25.7% complain of physical pain and 20% complain of functional limitation. This study indicates the existence of impact of dental caries in four of seven dimensions of quality of life, those are functional limitation (OR = 8.57; 95% Cl: 3.90-18.83; p = 0.0001), physical pain (OR = 2.30; 95% Cl: 1.08-4.88; p = 0.03), psychological discomfort (OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.31-6.74; p = 0.009) and physical disability (OR = 9.21; 95% CI: 1.18-71.53; p = 0.03). Periodontal disease seems not to have any impact in any of the seven dimensions of OHIP. Quality of life is determined by combination of the four mentioned dimensions before and the impact of dental caries in quality of life can be proven (OR = 5.29; 95% CI: 2.86-9.79; p = 0.0001).

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Dampak Karies Gigi Dan Penyakit Periodontal Terhadap

Kualitas Hidup. Studi Di Dua Kecamatan Kota Medan

Disertasi

Laporan survei kesehatan rumah tangga 2001 menyatakan secara umum bahwa di antara penyakit yang dikeluhkan dan yang tidak dikeluhkan, prevalensi penyakit gigi dan mulut adalah tertinggi meliputi 60% penduduk. Karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit yang paling banyak dijumpai di rongga mulut sehingga merupakan masalah utama kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kedua penyakit mi adalah bersifat khronis dan dalam perkembangannya membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga sebagian besar penderita mempunyai potensi mengalami gangguan seumur hidup. Namun demikian kedua penyakit ini sering tidak mendapat perhatian dari masyarakat dan perencana program kesehatan karena jarang membahayakan nyawa. Penelitian bersifat analitik mengenai dampak karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal terhadap kualitas hidup belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini penting untuk menjelaskan besarnya beban yang diderita masyarakat akibat karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal, dan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pembuat kebijakan kesehatan khususnya kesehatan gigi dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dampak karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal terhadap kualitas hidup. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan teknik potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan stratifikasi-klaster bertingkat pada 360 responden umur 15-65 tahun penduduk dua kecamatan Kota Medan. Pemeriksaan rongga mulut dan wawancara dilakukan di kediaman responden.

Kualitas hidup diukur dengan OHIP-49 (Slade GD). Pemeriksaan karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal menggunakan indeks DMF-T dan CPITN dari WHO. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis regresi logistik ganda.

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