KONTEKS KOMUNIKASI PEMIMPIN AGAMA DENGAN UMATBERAGAMA
DALAM MENJAGA KERUKUNAN ANTARUMATBERAGAMA(Studi di
Desa Senduro, Kecamatan Senduro, Kabupaten Lumajang,Jawa Timur)
Oleh: Filosa Gita Sukmono ( 05220248 )
Communication Science Dibuat: 20090701 , dengan 7 file(s).
Keywords: Konteks Komunikasi dan Pemimpin Agama
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kerukunan antarumat beragama (umat Islam dan Hindu) yang berlangsung di desa Senduro. Meskipun di daerah tersebut terdapat sebuah pura yang menurut umat Hindu di Senduro merupakan pura terbesar seASEAN. Tetapi tidak pernah terlihat permusuhan dan saling menggangu dalam proses ibadah masingmasing agama. Salah satu faktor yang membuat kerukunan antarumat beragama berjalan dengan baik adalah peran para pemimpin agama, baik bedande maupun ustadz dalam berkomunikasi dengan umatnya. Pemimpin agama di Senduro dalam berkomunikasi dengan umatnya memanfaatkan berbagai konteks komunikai, antara lain aspek fisik, psikologi, sosial dan temporal. Konteks komunikasi di sini merupakan lingkungan dimana komunikasi itu berlangsung. Aspek fisik meliputi iklim, cuaca, suhu udara, bentuk ruangan, warna dinding, penataan tempat duduk, jumlah peserta komunikasi dan alat yang tersedia untuk menyampaikan pesan ; kedua, aspek psikologis, seperti sikap, kecenderungan, prasangka, dan emosi para peserta komunikasi ; ketiga, aspek sosial, seperti norma kelompok, nilai sosial, dan karakteristik budaya; dan keempat, aspek waktu, yakni kapan berkomunikasi (hari apa, jam berapa, pagi, siang, sore, malam).
Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, studi lapangan di desa Senduro, Kecamatan Senduro, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur. Peneliti meneliti konteks komunikasi pemimpin agama dengan umat beragama dalam menjaga kerukunan antarumat beragama. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara. Dalam melakukan observasi tersebut peneliti mengamati berbagai kegiatan warga Senduro seperti selametan desa, pertemuan ibuibu PKK, sampai upacara tahlilan, selain itu beberapa data yang diperoleh dari dokumentasi adalah buku sejarah pendirian Pure Mandhra Giri melalui buku warga setempat (dibuat oleh salah satu Bedande senior) serta beberapa foto aktifitas warga dan Pura Mandhara Giri. Peneliti dalam melakukan teknik wawancara menggunakan snowball sampling dan berhasil mewawancarai 15 informan. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dalam berkomunikasi para pemimpin agama mampu memanfaatkan aspekaspek konteks komunikasi. Misalnya dari aspek fisik para pemimpin
agama sering memilih tempattempat yang luas seperti lapangan dan balai desa dalam melakukan aktivitas komunikasi. Aspek psikologi sering kali para pemimpin agama bisa membuat
prasangaka, sikap dan emosi peserta komunikasi bisa terkendali. Karena hampir disetiap
berkomunikasi selalu menekankan katakata ”satu leluhur”, sehingga terbentuklah sebuah sikap untuk bisa menjaga kerukunan karena samasama satu saudara dan leluhur.
pesan yang disampaikan di selasela acara tersebut menjadi lebih efektif dan mudah untuk diterima oleh warga Senduro.
Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam menjaga kerukunan antar umat bergama para pemimpin agama menggunakan konteks komunikasi seperti aspek fisik, sosial, psikologi, dan temporal. Meskipun dalam praktek komunikasi dengan umatnya para pemimpin agama tidak melupakan nilainilai adat istiadat yang berkembang di Senduro.
ABSTRACT
This research is inspired and based on the religion unity between Islam and Hinduism in Senduro Village although in that district the Greatest Hinduism Shrine in South East Asia had been placed along this era. There, we never see the hostility and the disturbance between them. One of the factors that make them live in synchronization and harmony is the roles of religion leaders. It means the roles of Bedande (Hinduism Religion Leader) and Ustadz (Leader in Moslem Community) in their society to keep the peace between them.
The religion leader in Senduro used various kinds of contexts to communicate with their religious members like physical aspects, psychological aspects and temporal (time) aspects. Communication context here is the situation and condition where the communication processes are happened. Physical aspects are climate, weather, the temperature, shape of environment, color of the wall, the chair position in the religion activity, the number of religious members, and the related tools that used to send the message. Secondly is the psychological aspects such as attitude, the potency of inclined, prejudices, and the emotion inside the communication participants. The third is social aspects like group norms, social value, and characteristics of culture. The fourth is time aspect or temporal aspects. It is the time when the communication is happened. (The day, the time, morning time, afternoon, evening, or other types of time)
In this research, the researcher has used the qualitative method and field study to see the phenomenon in Senduro Village, Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency, and East Java, Indonesia. The researcher have searched communication context between religion leader and the religious members in order to keep the religion unity. Along the research process, the researcher had been using the observation methods to collect the data, documentation methods, and
interview method. In the observation process, the researcher detected diverse activities of Senduro resident such as selametan desa, the PKK meeting for the women, and the tahlilan ceremony. Beside all activities, the researcher has found the data from documentation process. They are History Book of Mandhara Giri Shrine from Senduro Resident (written by senior Bedande from Senduro) along with several photos of Mandhara Giri Shrine activities. The next step, researcher has used the snowball sampling and succed to interview 15 informans in interviewing process.
Based on the research result, we found that religion leader there were able to use many kinds of communication aspects in the daily communication with their religious member. For example the physical aspects, the religion leaders usually choose the wider place like the field and Public Hallor Building to hold communication activities. In psychological spects, the religion leaders always manage the prejudices, attitude, and emotion of their religious member in order to maintance the harmony situation and religion unity. In every communication activities, they always said that we were in one ancestors. The effect of that holy sentences (“one ancestors”) is building the concord attitude between them because they are one blood, one family and one ancestors even they has different religion.
to walk in harmony. For example the temporal aspects, the leaders always choose the selametan desa time to communicate with their religious members. The leaders always use the same time with important activity because it will be more efective to give the important message in the important time to all religious members.
