TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF PHRASAL VERBS IN
BREAKING DAWN NOVEL
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
MUHAMMAD MUSLIM NASUTION Registration Number: 8146111038
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
i ABSTRAK
Muhammad Muslim Nasution. Prosedure Terjemahan dari Ungkapan Phrasal Verbs dalam Novel Breaking Dawn. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan.2016.
ii ABSTRACT
MUHAMMAD MUSLIM NASUTION . Translation Procedures of Phrasal Verbs in Breaking Dawn Novel. English Applied Linguistics Study Program , Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2016.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Almighty ALLAH, the most Gracious and
the most Merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank God for His Blessing
in the completion of this thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet
Muhammad SAW who has guided us to the better life of today.
In the completion of this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to
his by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to his two advisors, Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum
as his first advisor and Dr. Anni Holilla Pulungan, M.Hum. as his second advisor
for their all guidance through the completion of this thesis.
Then, his appreciation also goes to. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the
Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Prof. Dr. Sri Minda
Murni, M.S. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who
have assisted his in processing the administration requirements during the process
of hih studies in the Postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The writer’s great thanks also goes to his reviewers and examiners, Prof. Amrin Saragih M.A.,Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Prof. Dr. Sri
Minda Murni, M.S. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and
improvements for this thesis. He also would like to express his thankfulness for all
iv
Finally, his special gratitude is dedicated to his beloved sister and brother
in law, Khairani Nasution S.Pd.I and Irianto who give his pray, motivation,
support, and also endless praying. And also special thank for Dr. Hj. Tien Rafida
M.Hum and H. Rusdi Ananda M.Pd, sister, brother, and the whole families who
always support him and no suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting
love and express how much he loves them.
Then, last but not least, his gratitude goes to his friends of LTBI A2 who
have supported him to conduct this thesis, especially for Julisah Izar, Kiky
Wardhani, Rizky Vita Losi, Yoni Rahayu, Dian Heriani and Budi Rizka, for their
friendship and cooperation.
Medan, Mei 2016 The writer,
vii
LIST OF TABLES
viii
LIST OF FIGURE
vii
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Pages Appendix I ... 62 Appendix II ... 79
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1The Background of the Study
Translation is likened to a bridge across language and culture barriers.
Translation activities are to transfer source language (SL) into the target language
(TL) to get the meaning in one language. Three notions are source language –
message – target language. Therefore, the translator should master the linguistics
and non-linguistics knowledge of both source language and target language.
Translator should not only master in linguistics, such as word, phrase, clause,
sentence, grammatical, syntactic and semantic that relation of source language and
target language but also non – linguistic knowledge such as a translator‟s
comprehension of the text, whether s/he knows and reads it previously. So
translation became a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. In
Indonesia, many books that are written in English are sold. They are not only
reference books but also novel. Harpercollins (2012: 29) says that novel is a story
with the prose form in long shape, this long shape means the story including the
complex plot, many characters and various setting. Novel is a form of literature
that has a theme, setting, point of view, plot, character, and style in which there
are cultural values, morals, and education. A novel is a long essay pose, which
contains a series of stories of one‟s life with those around him by accentuating the
character and nature of the offender. Literary works can not be separated by the
process of translating, because the novel is outside the country and sold in
Indonesia will be translated into Indonesian. For suitability meaning of the source
2
language (SL) and the target language (TL) sometimes forces the language so that
the meaning is acceptable.
Translation is a target text written as a result of the translator‟s
comprehension of source text. However, Venuti (2000:126) states that since no two
languages are identical, either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols or in
the ways in which such symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences, it stands to reason that there can be no absolute correspondence between languages. Besides,
Barnwell (1984) also states that a good translation should be accurate, clear and
natural so it does not sound foreign. In translating the novel is not easy task. Translation as a result should look nice and coherent for reading. Therefore, to get a
good translation, translator should master in both source and target language. There
are competencies should be possessed by translator, they are language competence, textual competence, subject competence, cultural competence, and transfer
competence.
So, translation is the core of activities pertaining to the relationship
between two or more languages which then transfers the meaning of the source
language (SL) to the target language (TL) with accuracy the message, the
messages, ideas, concepts of source language (SL) correctly and get closest meaning so as to obtain a good translation.
Larson (1984:3) states that translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical
structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language
text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this
3
the receptor language and its cultural context. Base on this statement it can be
clear that meaning of a source language text must be substituted by the closest
natural equivalent in the target language.
In Study by Ebrahim Davoudi Sharifabad, Mojdeyaqubi and Tengku
Sepora Tengku mahadi about “The Application of Domestication and
Foreignization Translation Strategies in English – Persian Translation of News
Phrasal Verbs”, The authors of this study have applied these strategies of
translation to English-Persian phrasal verbs in news texts to investigate whether
English-Persian translators tend to domesticate the news headlines or foreignize
them. The news containing phrasal verbs was analyzed based on the ones from
different news agencies and websites. First, some news containing phrasal verbs is
analyzed, then the English translations were compared and contrasted. As the
results of the study showed, English to Persian translators tend to apply the
domestication strategy more frequently. It was concluded that since
culture-specific terms and words are difficult to be understood in the target language, the
translators mostly tend to localize or domesticate them. But unfortunately this
study did not describe the process of translation and describe type of phrasal verbs
itself.
Therefore, Breaking Dawn Novel is a great novel written by Stephenie
Meyer In 2005 that has four series and the box office film directed by Bill Condon
that makes this novel translated more that 20 languages and 50 million copies in
the world including Indonesia language with translator Monica Dwi Chresnayani.
4
Cullen- Hands (2000) states that a phrasal verb is a short two-word (or
sometimes three word) phrase made up of a verb, such as get, give, make and see,
and an adverb (an adverbial particle) or a preposition, such as in, off, out and up.
Because a phrasal verb is a form of idiom it has a meaning which „is different
from the sum of its parts.
Phrasal verbs possess a number of semantic, syntactic, structural, stylistic,
and pragmatic characteristics that may make their translation a difficult task.
Although there are many dictionaries which the translator can consult when
translating English phrasal verbs, the profound comprehension of the phrasal
verbs and the way they are translated remains undetected.
Based on the definition above, it is clear that in translating a text means
that to transfer source language to target language. Translation is to constitute of
material text changing from source language to the target language. Likewise, it is
also contained in Breaking Dawn novel. It is not only phrasal verbs in meaning
but also phrasal verbs in the level of grammar. Because it more talks about the
Novel that mostly the word terms come from western country, so that it is used
frequently maintained, for instance taken from original and the translation novel.
They are:
5
faced problems in rendering phrasal verbs in Breaking Dawn novel into
Indonesian.
In the preliminary data above that the both of sentences point 1.a use
phrasal verb “smile at” which translated “tersenyum mendengar” joined by object.
In point 1.a which use one verb refers to phrasal verb which translated into
Indonesia that has two verb “tersenyum and mendengar” and the other case that is
point 1.b use phrasal verb “smile at” which translated only one verb “tersenyum”
and also joined by object. From explanation and data sample above, the
dissimilarity in the form and structure of the two languages (different grammatical
structures in the SL and TL) may cause remarkable changes in the way
information is carried across. Indonesian compound verbs (point 1.a tersenyum
and mendengar) , which bear the same sense as that of English phrasal verbs
(smile at) and are their translation meaning making it difficult for the translator to
find an meaning in Indonesian while preserving dynamic meaning. It is difficult to
preserve the formal correspondence between the two texts. It is obvious that in
this situation the discrepancies between the two languages lead to a great loss in
the process of translation.
Translation is not a simple thing that we are thinking about but translation
is a complex way and needed wide knowledge and accurate source to transfer that
translation product can be understood and accepted. A phrasal verbs which is a
combination of a verb and proposition or adverb, creates a meaning different from
its constituent verb. It should not be translated by considering its constituent verb
alone. So the particle here is a preposition or adverb which creates a meaning
6
find same word in other language. The translator use the phrasal verb to enrich the
language and to absorb new concept needed to express linguistically and also to
maintain the meaning in SL and acceptable in TL.
It useful to look at the procedures they have used while translating so that
will be able to determine the most adequate procedures used for translating
phrasal verb into Indonesian and to measure the extent to which the translator
have been successful in translating of phrasal verb. A procedure is that can handle
phrasal verbs which can increase the accuracy of English into Indonesia
Translation.
Based on explanation above, the researcher interest to explore deeply how
phrasal verbs which enrich meaning translated from SL into TL in Breaking Dawn
novel to find the closest meaning.
1.2 The Problems of the Study
Based on the description of the background of the study state above, the
problems of the study are formulated as in the following.
1. What types of phrasal verbs do occur in translating Breaking Dawn
Novel?
2. What procedures are used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel?
3. What the most dominant phrasal verbs and its procedures are used in
7
1.3The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this study are to answer the three research questions, as
formulated above. To be more specific, the objectives of the study are.
1. To describe types of phrasal verbs occur in translating Breaking Dawn
Novel
2. To describe procedures are used in translating Breaking Dawn Novel
3. To find out the most dominant phrasal verbs and procedures are used
in translating Breaking Dawn Novel.
1.4 The Scope and Limitation of the Study
Research limitation is needed to give a focus to this research. This study
was focused on the translation of phrasal verbs in Breaking Dawn Novel into
Bahasa Indonesia by Monica Dwi Chresnayani of the SL into the TL after they are
translated.
1.5The Significances of the Study
Finding of the study are expected taken significant theoretical and
practical. Theoretically, the findings of the present study are expected to be useful
for those who are interested in translation work especially for the translation of
phrasal verb.
Practically, it is also hoped that it will be useful for translator who is
concerned with translating and the researcher hopes that this research will provide
57
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
From the overall anlysis of the phrasal verbs type and translation
procedures in Breaking Dawn, it was concluded that:
1. There were four types of phrasal verb used in Breaking Dawn novel into that
translated Indonesia namely type 1, type 2, type 3, type 4.
2. From seven techniques based on theory of Venuti, used in the translation of
Breaking Dawn novel namely: calque (8 data), literal translation (35
data), transposition (107 data), modulation (82 data), equivalence (11 data) and
adaptation (3 data).
3. The dominant of phrasal verbs used in Breaking Dawn novel was type 3. Type
3 is verb + preposition + object. The preposition cannot be separated from the
verb and in the sentence should be accompanied by object. Whereas, the dominant
procedure were used in Breaking Dawn novel was transposition procedure. It was
used because there were many phrasal verbs when it was translated where
involves replacing one word class with another without changing the meaning of
the message and also applied within a single language.
58
5.2 Suggestions
From the data analysis and conlusion above, the researcher purpose some
sugestions as follows:
1. To teacher
Teacher need to inform students that phrasal verbs is very important and
based on the meaning, phrasal verbs should be recognized as the important
element because the meaning of phrasal verbs itself is predictable.
2. To language learner
This study can be used by the learners or university students to improve
their ability to translate phrasal verbs in sentence.
3. To other researcher
To explore a more detailed analysis of translating phrasal verbs in sentences in
complex clause. This will be able to help the strengthen the significance of this
kind of translation which is to provide a critical tool for the analysis of translating
58
59
REFERENCES
Acklam, Richard. 1992. Help with Phrasal Verbs. Oxford: The Bath Press.
Barnwell, K. G. L. 1984. Introduction to Semantics and Translation – English.
Summer Institute of linguistics
Bassnett, Susan. 2002. Translation Studies. London: Routledge Taylor and
Francis.
Bassnett-McGuire, S. 1980. Translation Studies. London: Methuen.
Bogdan, Robert C and Biklen, Sari Knopp. 1882. Qualitative Research For
Education: An Introduction. Allyn and Bacon.
Bogdan, Robert and Taylor, Steven J. 1975. Introduction to Qualitative Research
Methods: A Phenomenological Approach to the Social Science. New York:
A Wiley – International Publication.
Catford. J. C. 1965. A Linguistics Theory of Translation. England: Oxford Press.
Cullen, K & Hands, P. 2000. A Guide to Phrasal Verbs. USA: Chambers Harrap
Publishers.
Donald, A. 2009. Introduction to research in Education, New York: holt, Rinehart and Winston
Ghazala, H. 1995. Translation as Problems and Solutions. Lybia: ELGA.
Gouadec, Darriel. 2007. Translation as a Profession. Amsterdam: John Benjamin
Publishing Companny.
Harpercollins. 2012. Collins English Dictionary Complete. William Collins Sons
& Co Random House.
59
Landers, C. E. 2001. Literary Translation: A Practical Guide. Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters.
Larson, M. L. 1984. Meaning Based Translation a Guide to Cross Language
Equivalence. London: University Press of America.
Lefevere, A. 1985. Translating Literature, Practice, and Theory in a Comperative
Literature Context. New York: Modern Langueage Association of
America.
McCarthy, Michael & O’dell, Felicity. 2004. English Phrasal Verbs in Use.
Cambridge University Press.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M. & Saldaña, Johnny (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Arizona State University, CA: Sage.
Moleong, J.L. 2006. Methodology Penelitian Kualitatif; Edisi Revisi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Munday, Jeremy. 2008. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Aplication.
London: Routledge Taylor and Francis.
Newmark, Peter. 1981. Approaches to Translation. London: Oxford Press.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Text Book of Translation. London: Printice Hall.
Nida, A.E. and Taber, R.C 1964. Helps for Translators. Leiden: E.J.Brill.
Nida, E. A. &Taber C. 1982. Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: The
United Bible Societies.
Oittinen, R. 2003. Tekstilaji Ja Strategia:Ajatuksia Kaunokirjalisesta
Kaantamisesta. In R . Oittinen Aand P. Makinen (eds), Alussa oli
60
Sarwono, J. 2006. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Yogyakarta:
Graha Ina.
Subroto, E. 2007. Pengantar Metode Penelitian Linguistik Struktural. Surakarta:
Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Sugiono. 1999. Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.
Vehmas-Lehto, I. 2002. Kopiointia vai kommunikointia: Johdatus
Kaannosteoriaan, Helsinki:Finn Lectura.
Venuti, Laurence. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge
Taylor and Francis..
Warrier, John. E. 1982. English Grammar and Composition – Third Course. New
York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publisher.
Wills, W. 1982. The Science of Translation: Problemsand Methods. Tubingen:
Gunter Narr Verlag.
Workman, Graham. 1996. Phrasal Verbs and Idioms. Oxford University Press
Zainurrahman. 2009. The Theories of Translation: From History to Procedures.
