AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE NOVEL “THE UNDOMESTIC GODDESS” WRITTEN BY SOPHIE KINSELLA.

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Belani Asmara Hadi, 2014

AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE NOVEL “THE UNDOMESTIC GODDESS”

WRITTEN BY SOPHIE KINSELLA

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu ABSTRAK

Penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Penerjemahan Kata Kerja Berfrase di dalam Novel „The Undomestic Goddess‟ Karya Sophie Kinsella” ini mengkaji tata cara penerjemahan kata -kata kerja berfrase dari bahasa sumber (Inggris) ke bahasa target (Indonesia), mengkaji kesesuaian penerjemahan dari novel versi terjemah dan mengkaji manfaat penggunaan kata-kata kerja berfrase dalam komunikasi di dalam kelas Bahasa Inggris untuk pengajaran EFL di tingkat SMA kelas X.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk menyajikan data yang terdapat pada novel. Digunakan 120 kata kerja berfrase sebagai sampel dari novel. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sampel acak (random sampling method). Proses analisis data dikategorikan dengan merujuk pada Konstruksi Kata Kerja Berfrase yang digagas oleh Brown (2002) dan beberapa strategi penerjemahan yang merujuk pada Baker (1992, hal.85-92), Newmark (1988), Larson (1984), dan Vinay dan Darbelnet (1958) dalam Venuti (2000, hal.84-93).

Dari penelitian ditemukan bahwa strategi penerjemahan “paraphrase” dari Baker (1992, hal.85-92) memiliki frekuensi tertinggi yakni 81.67% yang diterapkan pada 98 sampel dari 120 kata kerja berfrase sedangkan frekuensi tertinggi dari strategi penerjemahan yang merujuk pada Newmark, Larson dan Vinay dan Darbelnet yakni strategi penerjemahan

“faithful” (Newmark, 1988), atau “inconsistent mixture” (Larson, 1984), atau “calque” (Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) dalam Venuti (2000, hal.84-93)) yang diterapkan pada 60 sampel dari 120 sampel kata kerja berfrase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, novel versi terjemahan sudah memenuhi kriteria dari sebuah terjemahan yang baik yang dikemukakan oleh Massoud (1988) dalam Barus (2010), serta memenuhi faktor-faktor pertimbangan dalam penerjemahan yang diungkapkan oleh Barnwell dalam Abdullah (1996) yang dikutip dari Barus (2010) dan juga memenuhi syarat dari karakteristik penerjemahan yang ideal berdasarkan Denoun (2004) dalam Barus (2010). Penelitian ini juga memberikan kontribusi yang positif terhadap pengajaran EFL, terutama penggunaan kata kerja berfrase transitive, inseparable dalam kegiatan komunikasi belajar yang informal antara guru dengan para siswa di kelas X dan penggunaannya da pat meningkatkan pembendaharaan kosakata kata kerja berfrase pada para siswa.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE NOVEL “THE UNDOMESTIC GODDESS”

WRITTEN BY SOPHIE KINSELLA

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

ABSTRACT

The research paper entitled “An Analysis of the Translation of the Phrasal Verbs in the Novel „The Undomestic Goddess’ written by Sophie Kinsella” aims to find out the ways the phrasal verbs are translated from the source language (English) into the target language (Indonesian), the appropriateness of the translation version of the novel and the benefits of the phrasal verbs usage in English classroom communication for EFL teaching at the high school level grade X.

This research used descriptive qualitative method to present the data gained from the novel. Those are 120 phrasal verbs as the samples of the data from the novel. The data collection was conducted by using a random sampling method. The data was

categorized according to Brown‟s construction of phrasal verbs (2002) and several translation strategies in regard to Baker (1992, p.85-92), Newmark (1988), Larson (1984), and Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) in Venuti (2000, p.84-93).

From the research, it was found that paraphrase translation strategy from Baker (1992, p.85-92) has the highest frequent of all 81.67% which were applied in 98 items of 120 phrasal verbs while the highest frequency of the translation strategies of Newmark, Larson and Vinay and Darbelnet is faithful translation strategy (Newmark, 1988), or inconsistent mixture (Larson, 1984), or calque (Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) as cited in Venuti (2000, p.84-93)) which were applied in 60 items of 120 phrasal verbs samples. From the findings of the research, the translation version of the novel fulfills the criteria of a good translation proposed by Massoud (1988) as cited in Barus (2010); covers the factors of translation judgment proposed by Barnwell in Abdullah (1996) as cited in Barus (2010); and also entails the characteristic of ideal translation according to Denoun (2004) as cited in Barus (2010). This research also gave a positive contributions to EFL teaching, especially in the use of transitive, inseparable phrasal verbs in teacher-students informal learning communication in grade X and it

could improve students‟ vocabulary of phrasal verbs.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE NOVEL “THE UNDOMESTIC GODDESS” WRITTEN BY SOPHIE KINSELLA

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methodology of the research and the procedure

used in investigating the data including the research design, the data sources, the

research instruments, the data collection and the data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. This

research method is descriptive qualitative, because the data are in the form of

words rather than number, namely the phrasal verbs which were found in the novel entitled “The Undomestic Goddess” written by Sophie Kinsella. The reason for choosing this method is in line with the focus of this research, that is, to

analyze texts, in the form of the novel script. It means that to identify how are the

phrasal verbs translated into the target language, to describe the appropriateness

of the novel translation into the target language and to reveal the benefits of the

phrasal verbs usage in English classroom communication for EFL teaching at the

high school level grade X.

In regard to Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun (2012, p.426), qualitative research

is a research study that investigates the quality of relationships, activites,

situations or materials and also words and pictures are the form of qualitative data

collection.

Qualitative data are collected in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers. The kinds of data collected in qualitative research include interview transcript, field notes, photographs, audio recordings, videotapes, diaries, personal comments, memos, official records, textbook passages, and anything else that can convey the actual words or actions of people. (With regard to Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun, 2012, p.426)

In addition, as cited in Moleong (2011, p.5), Denzin and Lincoln (1987)

described that qualitative research purposes to describe the phenomenon which

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Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang menggunakan latar alamiah, dengan maksud menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi dan dilakukan dengan jalan melibatkan berbagai metode yang ada. (Denzin and Lincoln, 1987 as cited in Moleong, 2011, p.5)

The reason for choosing the novel entitled “The Undomestic Goddess” by

Sophie Kinsella, because Kinsella is one of the #1 New York Times Bestselling

authors. She is a former financial journalist and the author of bestselling novels of

Shopaholics Series. The content of this novel is very easy to understand, the

researcher can find a lot of phrasal verbs in the novel script which are used in

informal dialogue between the characters. From the existance of the

aforementioned reasons, the descriptive qualitative method was believed by the

researcher for this research. The descriptive qualitative method is appropriate for

this research in line with the goal of this research which is to describe the fact,

characteristic and relationship that found in the novel systematically, factually and

accurately.

3.2 Data Sources

The data sources of the research are the original novel script of “The Undomestic Goddess” written by Sophie Kinsella (2005) and the Indonesian translation version novel script. The data analysis of the research was obtained

from the novel scripts. The script is chosen as the data sources, because the script

applied various kinds of phrasal verbs. This research focuses on the original novel

by Kinsella and the translation version of the original novel entitled “Bukan

Cewek Rumahan” translated by Yasmine Hadibroto and was published by PT.

Gramedia Pustaka Utama in 2005.

3.3 Research Instrument

This research is qualitative research with actual settings as the direct

source of data as cited in Moleong (2011, p.9), he stated that the key instrument

of gathering the data in this research is the researcher herself, because the

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Selain itu hanya manusia sebagai alat sajalah yang dapat berhubungan dengan responden atau objek lainnya, dan hanya manusialah yang mampu memahami kaitan kenyataan-kenyataan di lapangan. Hanya manusia sebagai instrumen pulalah yang dapat menilai apakah kehadirannya menjadi faktor pengganggu sehingga apabila terjadi hal yang demikian ia pasti dapat menyadarinya serta dapat mengatasinya. (Moleong, 2011, p.9)

Some instruments such as textbooks, internet, another research and

dictionary have been used to identify the phenomenon and to analyze the data in

this research which related to the translation field.

3.4 Data Collection

The researcher used all of the sources of data and the books which related

to this research in collecting the data. Since the data are in the form of words,

phrases and sentences, the researcher obtained the following steps:

1) Choosing the novel;

2) Reading the original novel entitled “The Undomestic Goddess” by Sophie

Kinsella;

3) Reading the Indonesian version of “The Undomestic Goddess” by Sophie

Kinsella, entitled “Bukan Cewek Rumahan” which is translated by Yasmine

Hadibroto;

4) Finding out the phrasal verbs in the novel;

5) Selecting 120 phrasal verbs as the sample of the study using the table of

random numbers. The number of 120 selected items of phrasal verbs is

regarded to Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun (2012, p.107), they stated that a

recommended minimum number of subject is 100 for a descriptive study, 50

for a correlational study, and 30 in each group for experimental and

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In order to find out the translation procedures used in the novel, the

researcher calculated the percentage of each procedure by using the formula

below:

P = number of percentage

F = frequency of translation procedure

N = number of whole sample

3.5 Data Analysis

The data analysis was conducted by using a random sampling method. A

random sampling method is regarded to the table of random-number table in “Statistics for the Terrified” by Kranzler and Moursund (1999, p.168). To answer the problem of the research, the data are analyzed systematically by using these

following steps:

1. Identifying the phrasal verbs used in the novel.

2. Selecting 120 phrasal verbs from the novel randomly according to

random-number table which is proposed by Gerald Kranzler and Janet Moursund

(1999, p.170).

Part of a table of random numbers:

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 00| 54463 22662 65905 70639 79365 67382 29085 69831 47058 08186

01| 15389 85205 18850 39226 42249 90669 96325 23248 60933 26927 02| 85941 40756 82414 02015 13858 78030 16269 65978 01385 15345 03| 61149 69440 11286 88218 58925 03638 52862 62733 33451 77455 04| 05219 81619 10651 67079 92511 59888 84502 72095 83463 75577 05| 41417 98326 87719 92294 46614 50948 64886 20002 97365 30976 06| 28357 94070 20652 35774 16249 75019 21145 05217 47286 76305

(Gerald Kranzler and Janet Moursund (1999, p.170))

3. Classifying the data collected (120 phrasal verbs) into some types of phrasal

verbs proposed by Baker (1992), Brown (2002), Newmark (1988), Larson

(1984), and Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) as cited in Venuti (2000, p.84-93);

P = F x 100 %

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4. Finding out the phrasal verbs translation in the translation version of the

novel (Indonesian version).

5. Determining the strategies which are applied by translator in translating the phrasal verbs as regard Baker’s strategy, Brown’s strategy, Newmark’s strategy, Larson’strategy, and Vinay and Darbelnet’s strategies;

6. Concluding the findings based on the data.

The example of the analysis, as follows:

SL Text TL Text

I put the pen down and massage my forehead.

Kuletakkan bolpoin dan aku memijat pelipis.

According to the category of the phrasal verbs proposed by Brown (2002),

the phrasal verb in the example was categorized as transitive, separable phrasal

verb that take noun as the object. The phrase is constructed by a verb “put” and

an adverb “down.” The verb “put” means “move something into a particular place

or position” (The Oxford Dictionary, 2010, p.1194) and in the target language, “put” means “menaruh, menanamkan, menempatkan.” Meanwhile, the adverb “down” means “something at a lower place or position,” and in Indonesia means “di/ke bawah” in the position as an adverb. The meaning of the phrasal verb “put the pen down” is to save something or to put something in a lower position. This

phrasal verb was translated into “meletakkan” in Indonesian language. According

to Barnwell in Abdullah (1996) as cited in Barus (2010, p.16) this translation is

accurate, clear and natural and the translation result also fulfills some criterions of

a good translation such as being easily understood, fluent and smooth, idiomatic

(Massoud, 1988). The adverb “down” is omitted but its meaning in the target

language is not changed, because the translator used the paraphrase strategy to

translate the phrasal verb idiomatically. The paraphrase strategy is proposed by

Baker (1992, p.89), she stated that paraphrasing is the common way of translating

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inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the target text because of the difference

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1Conclusions

As asserted in the first chapter in the aims of the study, the researcher was

trying to find out the ways the phrasal verbs were translated from the source

language (English) into the target language (Indonesian), the appropriateness of

the translation version of the novel and also the benefits of the phrasal verbs usage

in English classroom communication for EFL (English as a Foreign Language)

teaching at the high school level grade X. According to chapter four about

findings and discussion, it can be concluded that the translation of the phrasal

verbs of the original novel is appropriate in the target language. Some factors

related to the translation judgment which covered the translation of the phrasal

verbs, are accuracy, clarity, and naturaness (Barnwell in Abdullah (1996) as cited

in Barus (2010, p.16)).

Regarding Massoud’s statement (1988) as cited in Barus (2010, p.16-17),

the translation of the phrasal verbs fulfills some criterions of a good translation,

these are a good translation is easily understood; a good translation is fluent and

smooth; a good translation is idiomatic; a good translation conveys, to some

extent, the literary subtleties of the original; a good translation distinguishes

between metaphorical and the literal; a good translation reconstructs the

cultural/historical context of the original; a good translation makes explicit what is

implicit in abreviations, allusions to saying, songs, and nursery rhymes; a good

translation will convey as much as possible the meaning of the original text. The

translation of the phrasal verbs fulfills the equivalence and skopos issue which

means the translation naturally accepted in the target language.

In regard to Brown’s construction of the phrasal verbs (Brown, 2002),

there are found 60 phrasal verbs which belong to transitive, separable phrasal

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verbs category and 30 items of intransitive, inseparable phrasal verbs category.

This research also used the four strategies which are proposed by Baker (1992,

p.85-92), those are using an idiom of similar meaning and form (SMF), using an

idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form (SMDF), paraphrase and omission.

The paraphrase strategy is the most dominant translation strategy. It was

found in this research that the paraphrase strategy has the highest frequent of all.

The second order of most frequent strategy by Baker (1992) is similar meaning

but dissimilar form strategy (SMDF). The least frequent of the Baker (1992)

strategy is omission strategy. Besides paraphrase strategy, similar meaning but

dissimilar form strategy, and omission strategy, Baker (1992) proposed similar

meaning and form strategy (SMF). The similar meaning and form strategy (SMF)

was not applied by the translator because it was difficult to find the equivalent

idiom in the target language in the similar meaning and also similar form.

This research also used several translation strategies proposed by

Newmark (1988), Larson (1984), and Vinay and Darbelnet (Vinay and Darbelnet,

1958 in Venuti (2000, p.84-93)) to analyze the sample of phrasal verbs. Those are

three kinds of strategies in different names according to each expert; 1) Faithful

(Newmark) or Inconsistent Mixture (Larson) or Calque (Vinay and Darbelnet); 2)

Communicative (Newmark) or Near Idiomatic (Larson) or Transposition (Vinay

and Darbelnet); and 3) Idiomatic (Newmark and Larson) or Equivalence (Vinay

and Darbelnet). It was found in this research that the highest frequency of

Newmark, Larson and Vinay and Darbelnet strategies of the translation of the

phrasal verbs is faithful translation strategy (Newmark, 1988), or inconsistent

mixture (Larson, 1984), or calque (Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) in Venuti (2000,

p.84-93)). The second order of the most frequent translation strategy by

Newmark (1988), Larson (1984), and Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) in Venuti

(2000, p.84-93) is idiomatic (Newmark, 1988 and Larson 1984), or Equivalence

(Vinay and Darbelnet, 2000). The least frequent by Newmark (1988), Larson

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communicative translation strategy (Newmark, 1988), or near idiomatic (Larson,

1984), or transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) in Venuti (2000, p.84-93)).

Those are 20 transitive, inseparable phrasal verbs that the researcher used

in this research to gain and to examine the benefits of the phrasal verbs usage

(transitive, inseparable strategy by Brown) in English classroom communication

for EFL teaching at the high school level. The researcher took one English teacher

and 30 students as the respondents of the research (SMAN 1 Baleendah class X

Mathematics Science 3). The researcher made a compact dictionary about

transitive, inseparable phrasal verbs strategy by Brown. The compact dictionary of

transitive, inseparable phrasal verbs by Brown had several benefits for teacher and

students in English classroom communication (EFL teaching context). Those are;

it helped them to enrich their English vocabulary; it helped them to improve their

English speaking in classroom communication; and it could make students more

confident in speaking English, they used several examples of transitive,

inseparable phrasal verbs in informal communication especially when they were

trying to communicate with their classmates inside and outside the class.

5.2 Suggestions

After obtaining the conclusion, the researcher would to like to propose

some suggestions, which may be useful, for those who intend to conduct research

related to this study. The researcher expects this research will give some positive

impacts to the readers, the translation students, the other researchers and the

translators. Firstly, the researcher suggests that the translators should know better

about the translating procedures and the translating strategy used in the translating

text, particularly the novel translation process. It would be better if they have the

comprehensive knowledge of target language and source language.

Secondly, the researcher suggests that the translators who try to translate

the phrasal verbs should be able to discover an appropriate meaning of the phrasal

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also should know the criterion of a good translation and select the appropriate

strategy to be applied in the translation process.

Thirdly, the researcher suggests that the students of translation study

should be dauntless in using and learning the English phrasal verbs in daily

communication both written and spoken. By using the English phrasal verbs in

daily communication, the students of translation study will make their English

speaking skill fluently.

The result of the research may not be satisfactory enough; the researcher

acknowledges that this research needs to be critized by the readers of this research

to make this research more complete and better. The researcher hopes this

research will give some contributions to all of students who are learning English,

for students of translation study in English Department especially in Indonesia

University of Education and other researchers who intend to do research on the

translation and the benefits besides the implications of the phrasal verbs usage in