ITINERARY DESTINED ASIA: A Functional Grammar Analysis
SKRIPSI
Wiyogi Sanhaji
NIM. 63711008
Bandung, 3rd August 2014
Approved as a Skripsi by:
Advisor I Advisor II
Tatan Tawami, M.Hum Muhammad Rayhan Bustam, M.Hum
NIP. 4127.20.03.011 NIP. 4127.20.03.021
Acknowledged by,
Dean of Faculty of Letters
Prof. Dr. H. Moh. Tadjuddin, M.A NIP. 4127.70.003
Head of English Department
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents background to the study, research question,
objectives, significance to knowledge and framework of the theories.
1.1Background to the study
According to Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), theme is the element that
functions as the starting point and how the clause is developed. It means that
theme serves as the beginning information that can give the message in the clause
to the reader. The theme is always in the first of the clause. The theme is the
central focus in the clause that the author wants to deliver to the reader.
Related to the explanation about the theory of theme above, theme may
contain in the brochures since the language elements in the brochures direct to the
information of place or the activity. Theme, which is represented by the form of
language in the brochures, leads directly to the main information becoming the
focus of the information that the author wants to deliver. The forms of language
are varied such as verbal group and adverbial group. This variety produces clear,
practical and simple information. For example in the verbal group Visit the National Museum (former King’s Palace) displaying a collection of personal
artifacts of the royal family. the theme in the clause is Visit since it is the focus of information about the activity that the reader should do. The theme Visit explains
Museum (former King’s Palace) displaying a collection of personal artifacts of
the royal family. Then the example in adverbial group After breakfast transfer to
the airport for Lao Airlines flight to Luang Prabang. the theme in the clause is After breakfast because it emphasizes the information in the beginning of the clause for the reader. The theme After breakfast describes about the time of event
in the clause that the event will do After breakfast not before breakfast.
From the explanation, it can be deduced that the language element in the
brochures of tour and travel itinerary destined Asia focuses more on the
constituent showing the content about the activity or the information of place in
the first of the clause. This case is in contrast with the content of the clause
occurring in the common form. They are seldom initiated with subject such as I, We, You or People in the beginning of the clause as the focus information.
In relation to this research, there is previous research about theme that has
been conducted. It is the research from Anistya Rachmawati (2010). The title of
her research is “Thematic Progression in Gail B. Stewart’s Cuba (Place in The
News)”. It focuses on types of thematic progression and kind of cohesion devices, though, her research explains about the theme. However, the writer more focuses
on the form of the theme, the group of the clause in the theme and the types of the
theme. Therefore, this research is entitled “Theme in Clauses in The Brochures of Tour and Travel Itinerary Destined Asia: A Functional Grammar Analysis”. The
data analyzed by the theory of theme from Halliday and Matthiessen (2004),
1.2Research Questions
In this research, the detailed problems to investigate are as follows:
1. What forms of theme are applied in the clause?
2. What groups of the clause are found in the theme?
3. What types of theme are contained in the clause?
1.3 Objectives
In line with the research questions, the objectives of this research are:
1. To describe the forms of theme applied in the clause.
2. To describe the groups of the clause are found in the theme.
3. To describe the types of theme contained in the clause.
1.4Significance to knowledge
The research is expected to have significant benefit, whether it is
theoretically or practically. Theoretically, it is expected to give knowledge about
the forms of theme, the group of the clause in the theme, the types of the theme in
the clauses contained in brochures tour, and travel itinerary destined Asia to the
reader. Practically, it is expected to give understanding about the theme in the
clauses contained in brochures tour and travel itinerary destined Asia to the
reader, so the reader can understand the content more clearly with the analysis of
theme. The constituent of theme occurs in the beginning of the clause is as the
1.5Framework of the Theory
In this research, the writer uses the theory of theme by Halliday and
Matthiessen (2004). Theme is starting point of the clause to deliver the message in
the context, or the element that is developed. The theme is given information that
has already been mentioned in the context. The theme stands in the first of the
clause.
In addition to that theory, according to Bloor and Bloor (2004), theme has
the forms, those are the simple theme and the multiple theme. Simple theme is the
clause that has one thematic constituent that is in the clause with only one theme
in the beginning of the clause. Similarly, multiple themes are some clauses that
have more than one theme such as in the clause with two themes; one textual
theme in first of the clause and it is followed by one topical theme.
Further, according to Gerot and Wignell (1994), Theme has 3 types, those
are topical theme, textual theme and interpersonal theme. Topical theme is always
in the beginning of the clause as the nominal group or subject known as unmarked
theme, but it may be adverbial groups or preposition group that are including to
the marked theme. Textual theme can be conjunctive adjunct in the clause.
Interpersonal theme presents before the topical theme, it can be modal adjunct or
5 CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter explains about the theories used to analyze the data.
2.1 Functional Grammar
Functional Grammar explains about language that people use in daily life.
Halliday (2004: xiii) mentions that functional grammar is language that is used by
people to explain the structure of sentence based on what happen in life.
Functional grammar is tool to make structure of sentence in English, and it
explains about the meaning of sentence in language. Functional grammar has
three functional components of meaning to know the type of constituent in the
clause. The discussion below will explain about three functional components of
meaning.
2.2 Three Functional Components of Meaning
In grammar of language there are three functional components of meaning.
Halliday and Matthiessen in their book (2004: 309) state that the grammar of a
language is categorized into three functional components of meaning, those are
interpersonal meaning, experiential meaning and textual meaning. According to
Halliday and Matthiessen (2004: 106), interpersonal meaning is the role of
speaker to give information in the text to the reader. Eggins (2004: 206) argues
and the circumstance. The process is also known as transitivity element. Based on
Halliday and Matthiessen (2004: 64), textual meaning is the important part in the
clause that occurs as the theme and the cohesion.
In this research, theme becomes the main focus to analyze; therefore, the detail
description about the theme and all of it is aspects will be discussed below.
2.3 Theme
According to Halliday and Matthiessen (2004: 64), “Theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message; it is that which locates and orients the clause within its context. The remainder of the message, the part in
which the Theme is developed,”. It explains that theme presents in the starting of the clause to deliver the information in the context. Theme usually comes first in
the clause, but it does not always as a subject in the clause. Theme is as the main
information of the clause, and it is the focus of the clause from the author. For
example:
Today, the participant will visit the garden
From the clause above, the theme is Today since it is the element presented in the
first of the clause as the focus of the clause for the reader. Today explains about the time of the event will visit the garden and who will do the event is the
2.4 Form of Theme
The theme has the form to determine it. According to Bloor and Bloor
(2004: 77), simple theme has one thematic constituent in the clause, while
multiple themes has more than one thematic constituent such as one textual theme
in the first of the clause and it is followed by one topical theme.
2.4.1 Simple Theme
Simple theme only has one theme in the clause. According to Bloor and
Bloor (2004: 77), simple theme is the clause having one thematic constituent. The
example is I climb the mountain. The theme in the clause is I since it is the only one theme presented in the beginning of the clause.
2.4.2 Multiple Themes
Multiple themes have many themes in the clause. According to Bloor and
Bloor (2004: 77), multiple theme are some themes occur in clauses. It contains
three metafunctions, those are topical, interpersonal and textual. For example: Ok,
dear, I will go to the hospital
Ok, dear, I will go to the hospital
Textual
Theme
Interpersonal
Theme
Topical
Theme
The table above describes that the clause have three themes. The first theme is Ok
last theme is I as the topical theme. will go to the hospital doesn’t include to the theme because it is the rheme.
2.5 Type of Theme
This research contains the type of theme in the clauses. According to
Gerot and Wignell (2004: 104), theme contains three categories those are
topical/ideational, textual and interpersonal.
2.5.1 Topical Theme
According to Gerot and Wignell (1994: 104), topical theme is the first
constituent in the clause and it can be nominal group as the subject, nominal
group complex, adverbial group and preposition group that present in the
beginning of the clause.
Further, Bloor and Bloor (2004: 72) mention topical theme always occurs
in the first constituent of the clause as a participant, circumstance or process.
Topical theme can be realized by some elements, those are subject, predicator,
complement or circumstance adjunct. Topical theme is divided into two
classifications, those are unmarked and marked. The detail explanation about
2.5.1.1 Unmarked
Unmarked is one of the classification for topical theme as nominal group.
Gerot and Wignell (1994: 104) state that unmarked theme is the clause containing
the nominal group in the beginning of the clause as the function of subject.
The type of theme for topical theme contains a nominal group or nominal
group complex as a theme that includes to the unmarked. Bloor and Bloor (2004:
31) mention that nominal group is a noun/pronoun as a head in a group, and it
may be function as a subject. For example:
(1) People visit the market
(2) Family and friend visit the food festival
From example (1), the topical theme is People since it is the nominal group that conducts as the function of subject while in example (2), the topical theme is
Family and friend because it contains the nominal group complex; those are two nouns Family and friend as the head.
2.5.1.2 Marked
Gerot and Wignell (1994: 104) argue that marked theme occurs in the
clause by adverbial group, preposition groupf and verbal group. Marked theme
does not function as the subject in the beginning of the clause. The explanation
a. Adverbial Group
Bloor and Bloor (2004: 32) state that the adverbial group is usually an
adverb as a head in the clause. For example:
(3) Down people walked
From the example (3), the topical theme is Down since it is an adverb that explains about the adverb of place.
b. Preposition Group
Further, in marked topical theme contains a preposition group. Bloor and
Bloor (2004: 32) argue that preposition group is a combination of preposition and
nominal group. For example:
(4) In the street, participant visit the color festival
The preposition group in the example (4) is In the street as topical theme since it
shows about the preposition In and the nominal group the street as the location in
the clause.
c. Verbal Group
Topical theme also contains a verbal group that includes into marked
theme. Bloor and Bloor (2004: 31) mention that verbal group can be a simple verb
such as walk that has one element in the clause, and it may be complex such as is
(past participle), being: auxiliary (present participle), and the last written: lexical verb (past participle). For example:
(5) Visit the twin tower
The topical theme in the example (5) is Visit because it presents a verbal group in
the beginning of the clause as the topic of the clause. The topical theme Visit explains about the activity that the reader/the participant has to do.
2.5.2 Textual Theme
Gerot and Wignell (1994: 105) said that textual theme may be conjunctive
adjunct, continuatives and conjunctions that presents before topical theme.
Conjunctive adjunct is able to move in the other place in the clause. Textual
theme functions to connect the first thematic constituent to the second thematic
constituent in the context. For example:
(6) However, people still can visit the museum
From the example (6) above, the conjunctive adjunct is However since it occurs in
the first of the clause before topical theme people. The example below explains about the conjunctive adjunct can be move to other place:
(7) People still can visit the museum however
In the example (7), the conjunctive adjunct places in the end of the clause,
therefore it doesn’t include to the theme anymore, but it includes to the rheme. Textual theme also contains the continuative in the clause. According to
such as alright, well and OK to give a signal in the beginning of the clause for the
reader. For example:
(8) Alright, I understand about your problem
The continuative Alright is the signal for the reader that the speaker starts the
speaking and to continue the first word to the next word.
2.5.3 Interpersonal Theme
Gerot and Wignell (1994: 107) argue that interpersonal occurs in the
starting of the clause conducting as modal adjunct and vocative, and it comes
before topical theme. For example of modal adjunct:
(9) Perhaps the participant is tired to walk
From the example (10) above, modal adjunct in the clause is Perhaps since it
explains the probability of the event, and the group the participant is the topical
theme.
According to Gerot and Wignell (1994:107), vocative functions to address
someone such as use a name or nickname before topical theme, but it still include
to the theme. For example:
(10) Luna, You have to join with us in this tour
The word Luna is a vocative since the speaker wants to address someone that
called the name Luna in the context. It presents before topical theme You since it is an actor for the clause.
13
This chapter explains about the object of this research, the method that
describes about the analysis, the technique, and the description in collecting the
data.
3.1 Research Object
The object of this research is the theme in the clauses in the brochures of
tour and travel. The data of the theme are taken from the brochures Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh City 4D by MUSTAFA AIR TRAVEL PTE LTD Singapore, Laos:
Vientiane – LuangPrabag by MUSTAFA AIR TRAVEL PTE LTD Singapore,
Palace on Wheels by MUSTAFA AIR TRAVEL PTE LTD Singapore, and THE
WONDERS OF JAPAN & THE FAR EAST by PRINCESS CRUISES
Singapore.
The data in these brochures show the issue of theme such as verbal and
adverbial that are located in the beginning of the clause. The form of theme and
the type of theme are also contained in the data. In addition, there is also the
theme that has the group of clause. In short, the data contained in the brochures
are varied, thus they represent the analysis of this research. All the data from 4
brochure is 98 data, and the finding is presented in the appendix. However, there
3.2 Research Method
This research uses the method of analytic descriptive. Sugiyono (2007:14)
said that“Metode deskriftif analisis adalah yang digunakan untuk menganalisa data dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul sebagaimana adanya”. Based on the theory, the data in the brochures
are analyzed based on the constituent in the clause. After that, the data are
described based on the sequence of the constituent. Finally, the data are described
based on the function of the constituent and the type of the constituent.
3.2.1 Data Collection
There are several ways to collect the data. First, the writer read the
brochures tour and travel to know the content of the text. After that, the writer
marked the data having the constituent of verbal group with 36 data, 41 data for
nominal group, 10 data for adverbial group and 3 data for preposition group. After
finishing this process, the data were classified according to the type of theme,
those are 90 data for topical theme, 5 data for textual theme and 3 data for
interpersonal theme.
3.2.2 Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer analyzed the data through several
ways. First, the constituent in the beginning of the clause was explained based on
types. The last way, the constituent was described based on the group of the
clause.
The data analysis below illustrates the finding of this research:
Data (61)
Climb Vat Phousi hill for an outstanding view over the city.
Climb Vat Phousi hill for an
outstanding view over the city. Clause Function Predicate Object
Group Verbal
predicate Climb and one object Vat Phousi hill for an outstanding view over
the city. The theme in the clause is Climb because it comes in the beginning of the clause as the main information that focuses on the clause for the
reader. The form of theme in the clause is simple theme because the clause
has only one thematic constituent Climb in the beginning of the clause.
The type of theme in the clause is topical theme because in the
beginning of the clause there is the predicate conducting as the topic of the
clause. The topic Climb explains about the activity for the reader do in the
The group of the clause is Climb as the verbal group since it presents
to begin the information of the clause. The classification of the theme is
marked by topical theme because the clause begins with the verbal group
Climb as the first information that the author wants to give in the context. The verbal group Climb does not function as the subject in unmarked theme,
but it functions as the verbal group that presents in the beginning of the
17 CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter illustrates the analysis toward ten data. There are eight data
for topical theme, one data for textual theme, and one data for interpersonal
theme.
4.1 Simple Theme
In this classification, eight data containing the simple theme are analyzed,
including the type of topical theme, two data of nominal group, one data of verbal
group, three data of adverbial group, and two data for preposition group.
4.1.1 Topical Theme with Nominal Group
In this category, two data are analyzed. Each data represents the nominal
group constituent as the subject, one with simple constituent of pronoun and the
other with nominalization of the head noun.
Data 1 (14)
The type of clause in the data is simple clause since it only has one subject
You, one predicate are and one complement free at leisure or shopping at the
popular Ben Thanh market. The theme of the clause is You since it starts the clause and the theme You as the person who reads the context that becomes the
focus of the clause. You is considered as Nominal Group because it is a pronoun serving as the subject. The Nominal Group shows that the form of theme in this
data is simple theme since it only has one thematic constituent You in the clause.
The type of the theme is classified as the topical theme because You is the
topic that shows the importance of who is being addressed by the text in the
clause or who will do the event stated in the clause are free at leisure or shopping
at the popular Ben Thanh market. It can be assumed that what is being addressed
by the clause is the subject that may be tourists who are instructed to do particular
action. The classification of the theme in the clause is unmarked topical theme
because it exists in the beginning of the clause as the subject.
You are free at leisure or shopping at
the popular Ben Thanh
market.
Clause Function Subject Predicate Complement
Group Nominal
Data 2 (48)
Another famous Vientiane landmark is the That LuangStupa.
Another famous
In data, the type of clause is simple clause because it only has one subject
Another famous Vientiane landmark, one predicate is, and one complement the
That LuangStupa. The theme in the data is Another famous Vientiane landmark because it presents in the beginning of the clause and the theme Another famous Vientiane landmark is the emphasis of information about the famous place to the
person who reads the context. The form of theme in the data is simple theme since
it has only one thematic constituent Another famous Vientiane landmark in the
clause.
The type of theme in the data is topical theme because it is the topic that is
important in the clause and the presence of the topic explains about what is the
thing the That LuangStupa the other place is famous in Vientiane landmark. The
included into the classification of unmarked topical theme since it presents in the
beginning of the clause as the nominal group conducting subject of the clause.
4.1.2 Topical Theme with Verbal Group
In this category, one data are analyzed. The data represents the verbal
group as the theme, the data with simple constituent of verbal.
Data 3 (59)
Visit Vat Visoun, the site of an impressive stupa, That Makmo, stylistically
more Srilankalese than Lao.
Visit Vat Visoun, the site of an impressive stupa,
That Makmo, stylistically more Srilankalese
The type of clause in the data is simple clause because it has one predicate
Visit and one object Vat Visoun, the site of an impressive stupa, That Makmo, stylistically more Srilankalese than Lao. The data shows the predicate which is started by Visit that begins the clause and therefore can be said as the theme. It
suggests that the focus of the clause is on visit that it emphasizes the importance
mentioned region as stated by the object Vat Visoun, the site of an impressive stupa, That Makmo, stylistically more Srilankalese than Lao. The form of theme
visit is simple theme because the clause has only one thematic constituent in the clause.
In data, the type of theme is topical theme because there is predicate
serving as the topic in the starting of the clause. The topic shows that the person
reading the text is suggested to do as suggested by the topic, that is to Visit the
places Vat Visoun, the site of an impressive stupa, That Makmo, stylistically more
Srilankalese than Lao.
The group of the clause is visit as verbal group since it is located in the
starting of the clause and it is usually a nominal group presenting in the beginning
of the clause as the constituent of the theme. The classification of the theme is
marked topical theme because the clause starts with verbal group visit as the first
information that wants to be shown in the text, so the verbal group is important to
lead the information of the clause and it is followed by the object Vat Visoun, the
site of an impressive stupa, That Makmo, stylistically more Srilankalese than Lao. It explains the name of the place that the people/tourists will go. This means that
the author wants to show the importance of the verbal group visit as the command
4.1.3 Topical Theme with Adverbial Group
In this category, five data are analyzed. Data 4 (39), data 5 (65), and data 6
(69) represent the adverbial group constituent as the adverb. Data 6 (69) with
simple constituent of adverb, data 4 (39) and data 5 (65) with complex constituent
that have two clauses.
Data 4 (39)
Built in 1818, Vat Sisaket is the sole survivor of an invasion in 1828.
Built in 1818, Vat Sisaket is the sole
Adverb Subject Predicate Complement
Group Adverbial
The type of clause in the data is complex clause because it has two clauses.
The first clause has an adverb Built in 1818. While in the second clause there is
subject Vat Sisaket, predicate is, and complement the sole survivor of an invasion
in 1828.
person who reads the context. In the data, the form of theme in the first clause is
simple theme since it has one thematic constituent Built in 1818. The type of
theme Built in 1818 in the first clause is topical theme because it is the topic describing the thing in the past, not now or later, and the clause shows the year in
1818, so the thing Built in 1818.
Despite the common form of a nominal group presents in the beginning of
the clause as the constituent of theme, in the first clause, the group Built in 1818
as adverbial group presents in the first clause. Therefore, the classification of the
first clause is marked theme because the adverbial group Built in 1818 presents in
the beginning of the clause to describe the focus constituent of the clause in the
data.
Data 5 (65)
After breakfast visit Vat Xieng Thong, considered as the most beautiful
temple.
Adverb Predicate Object Predicate Object
The type of clause in the data is complex clause because there are two
clauses in the data. In the first clause there is After breakfast functioning as the adverb in the first of the clause, but it has been nominalized from preposition
since After breakfast is identified as an adjunct. There are visit as predicate and Vat Xieng Thong as object. In the second clause there are predicate considered and object as the most beautiful temple.
The theme in the first clause is After breakfast in the data because it presents in the beginning of the clause as the focus of the information that the
person will do the event, that is After breakfast, so the person may enjoy the trip
more when they have meal first before they do the event. The form of theme in the
first clause is simple theme since the clause has one theme After breakfast.
The type of theme After breakfast in the first clause is topical theme because the presence of after breakfast is importance in the starting clause as the
topic. The topic after breakfast describes about when the event visit Vat Xieng
Thong, considered as the most beautiful temple. of the clause will happen that is after breakfast not before breakfast.
The group of the first clause is adverbial group because after breakfast explains about the time of the event in data. The theme classification of the first
clause in the data is marked theme because after breakfast presents in the starting Form of
Theme
of the clause as adverbial group explaining the emphasis of information and it
does not function as the nominal group.
Data 6 (69)
Inside are an impressive 12-meter high funeral chariot and various
funeral urns of each Royal Family’s member.
Inside are an impressive 12-meter high
funeral chariot and various chariot and various funeral urns of each Royal Family’s member. The theme in
the clause is Inside because it shows in the starting of the clause as the focus of
the location explaining about the place an impressive 12-meter high funeral
chariot and various funeral urns of each Royal Family’s member for the person who is at the first time comes to this place. The form of theme is simple theme
The type of theme Inside is topical theme because the present of inside is important in the clause as the topic. The topic Inside shows where is the place an
impressive 12-meter high funeral chariot and various funeral urns of each Royal Family’s member. that is Inside presenting in the beginning of the clause.
The group in the data is inside as adverbial group since it is referred the
place in the clause. The adverbial group inside indicates as the adverb in the
clause. The classification of theme in the clause is marked topical theme because
in the starting of the clause there is adverbial group inside and it does not function
as nominal group.
4.1.4 Preposition Group
Data 7 (38)
In the afternoon visit Vat Sisaket, the oldest original temple in Vientiane.
In the afternoon Visit Vat Sisaket, the oldest original
temple in Vientiane.
an adverb, but In the afternoon has been nominalized from the preposition because In the afternoon is identified as an adjunct. The clause has one predicate
visit, and one object Vat Sisaket, the oldest original temple in Vientiane.
The theme of the clause is In the afternoon because it starts the clause. The theme In the afternoon is as the emphasis of the information, that the person
who reads the context suggests to do visit in this afternoon because it has the structure of the schedule in the brochure tour and travel itinerary, and the place is
may be more interesting when the tourist visit in the afternoon. The form of theme
in the clause is simple theme since it has one theme In the afternoon.
The type of theme in the data is topical theme because In the afternoon
presents in the starting of the clause as the topic. The presence of topic In the afternoon is important because it wants to describe the event of the clause visit
Vat Sisaket, the oldest original temple in Vientiane. will happen In the afternoon not in other time. The group of the clause is preposition group since it explains
about the time In the afternoon of the event in the clause. The classification of the
theme In the afternoon is marked topical theme because it presents in the first position of the clause as the preposition group In the afternoon and it does not
function as the subject that include to the unmarked theme.
Data 8 (67)
Which were displayed in Paris in 1911.
Subject Predicate Object
Nominal Group
The type of clause in the data is complex clause because it has one adverb
In the compound. The adverb In the compound is indicated as preposition
conducting as an adjunct in the first of the clause, and then it is followed one
predicate stand, and one object several small chapels housing bronze Buddha
images. In the second clause, there is subject which conducting as the pronoun, predicate were displayed, and object in Paris in 1911.
The theme in the first clause is In the compound since it presents in the
beginning of the clause as the focus of the information for the person that comes
to this place several small chapels housing bronze Buddha images. The form of
theme in the first clause is simple theme because it has one thematic constituent in
In the compound Stand several small chapels housing
the starting of the first clause. The type of theme in the first clause is topical
theme since In the compound presents as the topic. The topic In the compound is
important in the clause because it shows about where the thing stand several small
chapels housing bronze Buddha images, that is In the compound not in other
place.
The group of the first clause is In the compound as preposition group because it indicates the place as the adverb of the clause. The classification of
theme in the first clause is marked topical theme since it presents the preposition
group in the starting of the first clause, and it does not subject as the nominal
group. In the second clause, the classification of theme is unmarked topical theme
because it functions as the subject which conducting the pronoun.
4.2 Multiple Themes
In this classification, there are two data analyzed containing the multiple
themes; those are the textual theme with the continuative adjunct and the
interpersonal theme with the modal adjunct.
4.2.1 Textual Theme with Conjunctive Adjunct
In this category, only one data analyzed. The data represents the
conjunctive adjunct constituent as the textual theme, the data with complex
constituent in one clause. First constituent is with conjunctive adjunct and second
Data 9 (71)
Then board a traditional boat for a trip upstream the Mekong River to
visit the famous caves of Pak Ou housing thousands of statues representing Lord Buddha.
Then board a traditional boat for a trip upstream
the Mekong River to visit the famous caves of Pak Ou housing thousands of statues representing Lord Buddha. Clause
Function
Adverb Predicate Object
Group Conjunctive object a traditional boat for a trip upstream the Mekong River to visit the famous
caves of Pak Ou housing thousands of statues representing Lord Buddha.
The themes in the data are Then and board because the clause has two different constituents. First constituent is the adverb Then as conjunctive adjunct
clause as the other theme, but it is still in one clause, and it is followed by the
second theme board as the verbal group. The form of theme in the clause is
multiple themes since the clause has more than one thematic constituent in the
beginning of the clause those are the conjunctive adjunct Then and the verbal
group board.
The type of theme Then is the textual theme since it is placed before the topical theme board. It can be realized by conjunctive adjunct Then in the
beginning of the clause. The conjunctive adjunct Then in the first clause describes
the relation of the text between the conjunctive adjunct and the topic of the clause
board that is Then describes about the temporal of the event in the clause and it is
not for long period of time, so Then marking in the starting of the clause.The topical theme board is the topic to lead the next information in the clause; board
shows what will do to the thing that is board a traditional boat for a trip upstream
the Mekong River to visit the famous caves of Pak Ou housing thousands of
statues representing Lord Buddha.
The group of the clause is adverb Then presenting in the beginning of the
clause to indicate the continuation of idea from the author with the next word in
the context. Then is the conjunctive adjunct, but it conducts as the adverb that explain the temporal of the event in the clause. The classification of theme in the
datais marked theme since the first clause presents the conjunctive adjunct Then.
that function as the adverb. The conjunctive adjunct Then is followed by the verbal group board that occur to the marked theme too since Then and board do
4.2.2 Interpersonal Theme with Modal Adjunct
In this category, only one data analyzed. The data represents the modal
adjunct constituent as the interpersonal theme, the data with complex constituent
in one clause. First constituent is with modal adjunct and second constituent is
with verbal group.
Data 10 (95)
Please refer to princess.com for up-to-date information.
Please refer to princess.com for up-to-date
information. Clause
Function
Adverb Predicate Object
Group Modal adjunct Verbal
group
The type of clause in the data is simple clause because the first of clause
contains one adverb Please, one predicate refer, and the last one is object to
princess.com for up-to-date information. There are two themes in the data as the different constituent, thoseare theme Please and theme refer because Please is the
first theme presenting in the first of the clause as the other theme and the second
clause contain two thematic constituents in the beginning of the clause those are
the adverb Please as modal adjunct and the predicate refer as verbal group.
The type of theme Please is the interpersonal theme because it comes before the topical theme refer in the data. The interpersonal theme can be realized
by modal adjunct Please. The modal adjunct Please is a request for the person in
the event that is Please refer to something. Refer is the topic in the clause because
it leads the information refer to the thing to princess.com for up-to-date
information.
The group of the clause is adverb Please since it explains about the comment of the content in the starting of the clause. Please is the modal adjunct,
but it conducts as adverb that explains the request for someone in the event of the
clause. The classification of the theme in the data is marked theme because the
interpersonal theme Please shows as the adverb in the beginning of the clause and
it follows the topical theme refer as the verbal group that include to the marked
theme too. Please and refer do not function as the nominal group that include to
34
This chapter explains the conclusions of this research and the
suggestions of this research for the next researcher who wants to analyze about
the theme.
5.1 Conclusions
After doing the research, it can be concluded that the form of theme found
in the brochures are 8 data for the simple theme and 2 data for the multiple theme.
The group found in the brochures are 2 data for the nominal group indicates as the
subject, 3 data for the adverbial group indicates the adverb, 2 data for the
preposition group indicates the adverb, 1 data for the adverbial group indicates the
continuative adjunct, 1 data for the adverbial group indicates modal adjunct, and 1
data for the verbal group indicates the predicator. Then the type of theme found in
the brochures are 8 data the topical theme with the nominal group, the adverbial
group and the verbal group, 1 data for the textual theme with the conjunctive
adjunct, and 1 data the interpersonal theme with the modal adjunct. However, the
vocative in the interpersonal theme and the continuative in the textual theme are
not found in the brochures. The data were analyzed through the form of theme, the
group and the type of theme.
The content of the brochures more concern to the activity or the
the reader. The reader is directed to get the information what they need such as
information about the activity, destination and transportation in the brochures.
The analysis of theme helps the reader to understand the content that
serves in the beginning of the clause such as the verbal group walk and the
adverbial group After breakfast as the focus information in the clause for the reader do. The reader may not misunderstand about the information in the
brochures, and the reader can easily understand the content of the brochures.
5.2 Suggestions
The writer has several suggestions for the next discussion to be taken for
the research of theme. The next researcher can discuss the theme relating to
another study such as semantic or syntax that may develop the analysis and the
constituent of theme will explain through the meaning and the function. The next
researcher should take the other data source which has never been used in the
previous research such as the clauses in the poem. The next researcher may get the
data that represent with the theory of theme from the poem, and the next
researcher may get the other meaning in the constituent of theme.
SKRIPSI
Submitted to fullfill one of the course requirements of Sarjana Sastra Degree
WIYOGI SANHAJI NIM. 63711008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER
BANDUNG
52
CURRICULUM VITAE
A. Personal Identity
a. Name : Wiyogi Sanhaji
b. Place and Date of Birth : Subang, 18 December 1993
c. Home Address : Kihiyang RT 16 / 05, Binong, Subang.
d. Phone : 089685266571
e. Sex : Male
f. Citizenship : Indonesia
g. Religion : Moeslem
h. E-mail : wiyogi.sanhaji@yahoo.com
B. Formal Education
No Year Institution
1. 1999 - 2005 SDN Kihiyang
2. 2005 - 2008 MTS Ali Maksum Yogyakarta
3. 2008 - 2011 SMKN 2 Subang
4. 2011 - Now INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER
C. Informal Education
No Year Institution
2. 2011 Copywriting Seminar and Workshop
(Certified)
3. 2012 Seminar “Reaktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila di
Kalangan Generasi Muda” (Certified)
4. 2012 English Contest (Certified)
5. 2012 Hari Sastra (Certified)
6. 2012 Character Building Training (Certified)
7. 2013 DISKUSI ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Certified)
8. 2013 TV BROADCASTING INDUSTRY
(Certified)
9. 2013 Copywriting Seminar “Go Viral” (Certified)
10. 2013 Workshop Translation “Building The
Translation Skill and Confidence”(Certified)
11. 2013 Workshop Translation (Certified)
12. 2014 Postcolonialism Seminar “Postcolonialism: An
Indonesian Perspective” (Certified)
13. 2015 Pelatihan dan Test English Proficiency Test
“How to Train Your TOEFL 2” (Certified)
D. Experiences
No Year Organization
1. 2012 Member of Himpunan Mahasiswa Sastra Inggris
UNIKOM
No Year Work Experiences
36 REFERENCES
Bloor, Thomas and Meriel Bloor. 2004. The Functional Analysis of English (2nd Edition). London: Hodder Education.
Eggins, Suzzane. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistic2nd Edition. London: Continuum.
Gerot, Linda and Peter Wignell. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar: An Introductory Workbook. Sydney: Gerd Stabler.
Halliday, M.A.K. and Christian Matthiessen. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (3rd Edition). London: Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K. and Christian Matthiessen. 2014. Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar (4th Edition). London and New York: Routledge. Rachmawati, Anistya. 2010. Thematic Progression in Gail B. Stewart’s Cuba
(Place in The News). Bandung: UNIKOM
