A Thesis
THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN BUSINESS NEWS OF
THE JAKARTA POST
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By :
Ahmad Fuadi
Registration Number: 8146111003
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
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ABSTRACT
Fuadi, Ahmad. Registration Number: 8146111003. Thematic Progression in Business News of The Jakarta Post. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School, State University of Medan, 2016.
This research dealt with the thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post. The objectives of this study were (1) to discover the thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post, (2) to describe the cohesive elements realized in thematic progression, (3) to explain the reasons of using thematic progression in business news. The data were obtained from the clauses of thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post. This research applied qualitative research design. The analysis of this research is done with Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s Interactive Model (2014) which encompasses data dondensation, data display, and verification drawing conclusion. The findings of this study showed that (1) there are four types that used namely constant theme pattern, linear theme pattern, split rheme pattern, and split theme pattern. (2) the cohesive elements were realized in thematic progression of business news namely reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. (3) the reason of using thematic progression were to make text applicable in narrative, argumentative, and expository genre.
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ABSTRAK
Fuadi, Ahmad. Nomor Registrasi: 8146111003. Thematic Progression di Berita Bisnis di Koran The Jakarta Post. A Thesis. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the nama of Allah the most Gracious and the Most Merciful
First of all, I would like to say praise be to Allah SWT who has given
chance and health to the writer in order could finish this thesis on time. And the
second may peach and blessing to our prophet Muhammad SAW peace be upon
him who has brought Islam and guided human to have good life and faith, may
peach and blessing be upon his family.
The writer would like to express his first advisor Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd, and his second advisor Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum, for their valuable
advice, guidance, constructive comments and precious time spent out supervising
and commenting this thesis until it appears in its present form.
His special grattitude goes to DR. Rahmad Husen, M.Ed, as the Head of
English Applied Linguistics Study Program and all Lectures, for the valuable
knowledge and instruction they have imparted to him during the years studying.
Then, a very special debt of grattitude is directed to his beloved parents,
Drs. Edi Felfori, S. Ag and Syafrida, S.Pd.I, and to my wife Nurhafizah, S.Pd.I,
and son Althaf, whose love care and support and understanding have given me
constant encouragement and inspiration. Together with his beloved brothers and
sisters, Rizki, ST, Muhammad Iqbal, S.Pd, Amelia Rahmi, S.Pd.I and Khairun
Nisa, for their full love, support, care, and prayers. the last but not least for
specials friend Ahmad Fadli, M.Hum, and Nazli Fahada, M.Hum.
Finally, he must confess that he has done to accomplish his thesis but he is
been aware that it is still far from being perfect. Therefore, any constructive
criticsms, suggestions, or comments will be highly appreciated.
Medan, 24 Agustus 2016
Ahmad Fuadi
Regristration Number:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ...i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...iii
TABLES OF CONTENTS ...iv
LIST OF FIGURES ...vii
LIST OF APPENDIX ...viii
LIST OF TABLES ...ix
CHAPTER I. INTODUCTION 1.1. The Background of The Study ...1
1.2 The Problem of The Study...5
1.3 The Objectives of The Study ...5
1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 5
1.5 The Significances of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Metafunction ... 7
2.2 Thematic Progression ...10
2.2.1 Constant Theme pattern... ...12
v
2.2.3 Split Rheme Pattern ... .14
2.2.4 Derived Theme ... .16
2.3 Cohesive elements ... ...16
2.4 Context of Using Thematic Progression...18
2.5 Clause ... 21
2.6 Newspaper...24
2.7 The Jakarta Post...26
2.8 Relevant Studies...27
2.9 Conceptual Framework...30
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 The Research Design ...34
3.2 The Data and Source of Data ...35
3.3 The Technique of Data Collection ...35
3.4 The Technique for Analyzing Data ...35
3.5 The Trustworthiness ...38
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Data ... ...41
4.2 Data Analysis ... ...41
4.2.1 Patterns of Thematic Progression ... .46
vi
4.2.1.2 Linear Theme Pattern ...48
4.2.1.3 Split Rheme Pattern ... ...49
4.2.1.4 Split Theme Pattern ...50
4.2.2 Realization of Cohesive Elements ... .55
4.2.2.1 Realization of Reference . ...55
4.2.2.2 Realization of Substitution . ...56
4.2.2.3 Realization of Ellipsis... ... ...57
4.2.2.4 Realization of Conjunction... ... ...57
4.2.2 Reason of Thematic Progression ... .58
4.3 Findings ... ...59
4.3 Discussions ... ...59
CHAPTER V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5.1 Conclusions... ...62
5.2 Suggestions ... ...62
REFERENCES ... ...64
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Pages
Figure 2.1 Sentence Constituency ...23
Figure 2.2 Constituency of a Clause ...23
Figure 2.3 Conceptual Framework.. ...31
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix I. The Clauses ...63
Appendix II. Thematic Progression of The Clauses ... 74
ix
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 1.1 Theme and Rheme...3
Table 2.1 Grammatical Cohesion...17
Table 2.1 Examples of Rank...22
Table 4.1 Selecting Data...42
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
Language has an important roles in our daily life. It used to interact with
others in society. It unites different people to be in a family, in a ethnic, in a
country, even in a world society. It is hard to imagine how people convey
messages without a language. In this case, language is identified as a means of
communication.
Communication is a process by which information is ex-changed between
individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior (Webster’s
New Collegiate Dictionary 1981: 225). By communicating using language, human
can interpret their ideas, thought, reality, concept or feeling and give information
to other. There are three components of communication process, they are: (1) the
participants (2) the information to be communicated and (3) a means that is used
in communication. The third component that is a means of communication can be
in the form of language, sign, gesture, etc. According to Chaer (1995:26) there are
two kinds of communication based on the means that is used. They are non-verbal
and verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a communication using
a means except language, such as light, whistle, gesture, etc. While verbal
communication is a communication that uses language as its means. What most
people mean when they say “language” is talk, communication, and discourse.
The primary aim of communication in whichever medium is to transmit
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process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a
common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour (Webster’s New Collegiate
Dictionary 1981: 225). The process normally involves two participants, the
speaker or writer and the listener or reader. The success of the process however
depends on a large extend on the packaging and structuring of the message.
As one of the verbal communication, newspaper is a tool to deliver the
message to the, because everyone can read newspaper wherever they are, by the
low cost, interesting topic and easy to find. Those make newspapers are always
interesting to read.
Newspapers are probably still the most read today, in hard copy or online.
Newspaper as a communication medium is one of the mass media which has an
important role in delivering its ideas to people. The mass media are vehicles that
carry the message to the mass audience in presenting a report of an action. Based
on the functional grammar, the language used in newspapers will be different
from the language used in other news and different topics such as politic,
business, science and sport news.
The information in newspaper articles is organised through structuring of
a clause into two parts, theme (the first part of a clause) and rheme (the
remainder), or given and new information, respectively. What then moves a news
forward as a whole is thematic progression, by which the theme and rheme of a
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Table 1.1 Identifying Theme and Rheme Theme Rheme
The duke
My aunt
That teapot
Has given my aunt that teapot
Has been given that teapot by the duke
The duke has given to my aunt
Thematic progression functions as an important means of achieving
coherence news text, by holding onto text-based coherence at the level with
lexical and grammatical devices and reader-based coherence at the global level by
a requisite of consistent ideas.
Context of using thematic progression is classified by Werlich
(1976:115) as the rhetorical quality by which all of the parts are clearly and
smoothly joined to each other. It refers to the understanding that the reder derives
from the text, which may be more or less coherent depending on a number of
factors, such as prior knowledge and reading skill, coherence is sometimes
contrasted with cohesion which means the lexical and grammaticl items in a text.
Halliday and Hasan (1976), whereas coherence refers to the less tangible ways of
connecting discourse which are not overt and which reside in how people interpret
texts rather than in the texts themselves.
The Jakarta Post is a daily English language newspaper in Indonesia. The
paper is owned by PT Bina Media Tenggara, and the head office is in the nation's
capital, Jakarta. The Jakarta Post was started as a collaboration among four
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politician Jusuf Wanandi. After the first issue was printed on 25 April 1983, it
spent several years with minimal advertisements and increasing circulation. After
a change in chief editors in 1991, it began to take a more vocal pro-democracy
point of view. It is targeted at foreigners and educated Indonesians, although the
middle-class Indonesian readership has increased. Noted for being a training
ground for local and international reporters, The Jakarta Post has won several
awards and been described as being "Indonesia's leading English-language daily".
The Jakarta Post is a member of Asia News Network.
“The three Southeast Asian countries grouped in the International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) will cut exports by 615,000 tons in the six months until Aug. 31. Indonesia agreed to cut its exports by 238,736 tons, while Malaysia and Thailand pledged to reduce their overseas shipments by 52,259 tons and 324,005 tons, respectively”.
Clause 1 The three Southeast Asian countries grouped in the International
Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) will cut exports by 615,000 tons in
the six months until Aug. 31.
Clause 2 Indonesia agreed to cut its exports by 238,736 tons,
Clause 3 while Malaysia pledged to reduce their overseas shipments by 52,259
tons .
Clause 4 and Thailand pledged to reduce their overseas shipments by 324,005,
respectively.
Based on the primary data, the researcher found another pattern of
thematic progression in business news. That is Split Theme Pattern. Based on
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refers to when a theme may contain more than one idea, and these ideas are
developed in different subsequent clauses. Therefore, the researcher is interested
to do further research on the Thematic Progression in Business News of The
Jakarta Post.
1.2 The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problems of the study will be
formulated as the following.
1. What patterns of thematic progression are used in business news of The
Jakarta Post ?
2. How are the cohesive elements realized in theme of business news of The
Jakarta Post?
3. Why are the thematic progression used in the ways they are?
1.3 The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems, this study will:
1. discover the patterns of thematic progression which are used in Business
news of The Jakarta Post.
2. Describe how the cohesive elements realized in theme of Business News
of The Jakarta Post.
3. Explain the reasons of using thematic progression in Business News of
The Jakarta Post.
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1.4 The Scope of the Study
This study will investigate the thematic progression patterns in business
news of The Jakarta Post. The aspects will be observed (linear thematic
progression, constant thematic progression, split theme progression and split
rheme progression), and the context of using thematic progression in business
news of The Jakarta Post.
1.5 The Significances of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful theoretically and
practically:
Theoretically, the findings are expected to enrich the theories of thematic
progression in business news and also will be valuable as reference for
students who want to do further research on thematic progression.
Practically, the findings of this study are expected to contribute faithful
information about thematic progression for students, teachers or lecturers.
For students, they can enrich their knowledge about thematic progression.
For teachers or lecturers, they can use it to support teaching and learning
materials related to the thematic progression.
The findings of this study are expected to know the patterns of thematic
62 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 CONCLUSIONS
This study was concerned on the thematic progression in business news of
The Jakarta Post. It was aimed at describing the patterns of thematic progression
and the way of cohesive elements used in business news and the reasons of using
thematic progression in business news of The Jakarta Post. After all the data have
been analyzed, the conclusion can be stated as the following.
1. There are only three of four patterns of thematic progression that found in
business news of The Jakarta Post, they are constant theme pattern, linear
theme pattern, and split rheme pattern.
2. There are only three context (genre) that found in business news of The
Jakarta Post. They were narrative, expository, and argumentative.
3. The used of thematic progression depend on what kinds of pattern that
used, if the writer used constant theme pattern usually the writer want to
make in narrative form, while the pattern is linear theme pattern, the writer
want to make in argumentative form, and if the writer used split rheme or
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5.2 SUGGESTIONS
The suggestions are as the following:
1. It is suggested for the other researchers to study about language structure
in business news, social, etc to analyze the clauses used by the speaker or
writer.
2. It is suggested for other researcher who want to elaborate the study about
thematic progression to do the research in other fields, such as politics, or
even in teaching learning process.
3. It is suggested for the students who want to study aboutthe theory of
thematic progression ( patterns of thematic progression, and in what
context the thematic progression used) in social interaction or to apply in
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