Characterization of Agro-ecological Zones in West Lombok Using Automated Land Evaluation System and Geographic Information System

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THESIS

CHARACTERIZATION

OF

AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES

4

I

IN WEST LOMBOK USING AUTOMATED

LAND

EVALUATION

SYSTEM AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

1

1 NYOMAN SADIA 997341MIT

GRADUATE

PROGRAM

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THESIS

CHARACTERIZATION

OF AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES

IN

WEST

LOMBOK USING

AUTOMATED

LAND

EVALUATION

SYSTEM

AND

GEOGRAPHIC

INFOIRMATION SYSTEM

A

Thesis Submitted to

Graduate Program

of

Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia In

fulfill

the requirements for the degree

of

Master

of

Science in

Information

Technology for Natural Resources Management

GRADUATE PROGRAM

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Research Title :

Characterization of Agro-ecological Zones

in West Lombok Using Automated Land Evaluation

System and Geographic Information System

Student Name : I Nyoman Sadia

Student ID : _997341MIT

Study Program

:

Master

of

Science in Information Technology

for Natural Resources Management

Thesis approved by the Advisory Board:

Dr. Ir. Asep Saefuddin, M.Sc+ Supervisor

Dr. Ir. Setyo Pertiwi, M.Agr. Co-supervisor

Chairman of Study Program,

32-

Dr. Ir. Handoko, M.Sc

Date: August 07,2001

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, this study was started, realized, and ended with the fully blessings of God. Because of this, there were support and contributions from so many people for whom I have the pleasure of expressing my appreciation artd gratitude.

I sincerely thank

Professor

Dr.

dr. Mulyanto, the Rector of Mataram University and Dr. Ir. Mansur Ma'sum, Vice Rector I and Ir. Samiadi, SU, Dean of Faculty Animal Husbandry who gave me permission to undertake this study. I would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by LPIU

UNRAM

ADB Loan- DIKTI, which has made this study available.

1 would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Dr. Ir. Handoko, M.Sc, the Director of MIT Study Program and

MIT

Staff for giving me the opportunity to join this course.

I am grateful to Dr. Ir. Asep Saefuddin, M.Sc, my supervisor; for leading the study, for his keen constructive comments, his assistance through critical review for successive drafts chapter by chapter.

I am greatly indebted to Dr. Ir. Setyo Pertiwi, M.Agr, my co supervisor; for her scientific expertice, guidance, assistance, generous support of knowledge, experience, and literatures, constructive comments, attention and positive attitude. I am deeply grateful to her.

I would _also_like_to_thank_Mr._{Marwan Hendrisman,}_{SP.1, my personal}_supervisor

from Puslitbangtanak, for providing generous support of soil and land evaluation knowledge, literatures, constructive comments, for his guidance on the methodology on Agro-ecological zoning, for leaning process of various computer progradSoftware, (i.e. developing Automated Land Evaluation System or ALES, NSM, Expert System, Cropwat), and also for giving support for aH data. I am gratefbl to him.

1 am deeply indebted to Dr. Agus Kristyono, my external examiner for his constructive command, criticisms, and suggestions to improve my Thesis.

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I would also to thank Dr. Imelda C. Stuckle (Deputy of Director for Program and Marketing of _BIOTROP)_and_{Orna P.}Sahertian Bakhoven for editing the _English

structure and grammar of my Thesis.

My

thanks are also extended to It.

G.H.

Anto and

M.

Helmi S.Si

(PT.

Waindo SpecTerra) for giving

me

Landsat Image of West Lombok.

My

thank is also addressed to Pak Adi Priyono as GIs staff in Puslitbangtanak, for his help on GIs technique and procedure, as well as his generous discussion.

I wish to thank my friend Drh. Adji Santoso Dradjat, B.Sc.Vet.Mphil., Ph.D and Ir. Budi Indarsih, M.Agr.Sc., lecture staff in Faculty of Animal Husbandry-Mataram University for their sincere help and support my study.

Also my thanks to Ir. Achmad Maududie, MS.c, Mr. Mulyadi, Agung Budi Cahyono, Sujatna Budi Wibowo, Idung Risdiyanto, Halili, Jamnton Boonyanuphap,

Thin Kaing,

Miss Dewi

Yusup, and

Miss

Farni Kastanya my fiends who made me stay in the class, laboratory, and dormitory very friendly and memorable.

I want to thank all persons who may not have been mentioned one by one, as well as to all others who contributed in the conduct of this study, 1 am most deeply indebted, hopefully God may bless your kindness.

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SUMMARY

Development Planning of agriculture need the land resources that suitable

to its agro-ecology, therefore, it is necessary to arrange an agro-ecological zone of

scale 1:50,000 to h o w the directive and suitable cornmcdities of area

continuously.

In agricultuml development, details support of information on

environmental condition and land resources are needed, particularly information

relating climate, land, hydrology and other living things. which influencing

agriculture and livestock production have to be considered.

Principally, the optimal use of agricultural resources is to provide open

opportunity to develop the concepts of competitive advantage without ignoring two

important principles: agro-ecology and regional principles. Agro-ecological

approach i s a series activity of regional resources evaluation, which considering the

biophysical, social-economic and cultural aspect. AEZ is mainly defined by varies

factors such as slope (contour map), climate (soil temperature regime and soil

moisture regime), landuse type, and management. Addition factors AEZs are

landform (physiography), land characteristic (soil sources and texture, acidity (pH),

drainage, sulfidic material), vegetation, social, economic and cultural factors.

The land condition include climate, lithology soil and terrain of Lombok

Island, especially in West Lombok is various, and its influence to the potential for

agriculture and its management. ?here fore, to support the optimal and sustainable agriculture development planning, it is interested to realize the research and

analyze the physical characteristic of agro-ecological zone in West Lombok using

ALES for land suitability evaluation and G1S technology. Input data and

information of biophysical (quantitative) land are used. To do this analysis, the

computation of quantitative land suitability based on physical parameters using

computerized land evaluation of ALES program version 4.65 d. While, for spatial

analysis and to visualize the result of land suitability (non spatial data) and the

agro-ecological zone to spatial condition, spatial approach or GIS technology is

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The objectives of this study are I) to organize data and information about

biophysical condition of the state into database system and certain kind of map to

provide integrated and sufficient information about environmental condition in

certain area (districtlsub district), this stored as ALES database (non spatial

database) and as GIs database (spatial database); 2) to analyze the suitability of

certain important commodities of agriculture and livestock fodder to identify certain commodities specific area, and 3) to make a map of certain land

characteristic and commdities based on agro-ecological zones on the scale of

1 :50.000.

This research consists of three activities. Firstly is Deskwork to prepare

soil base map (soil polygon map) to determine the land units and collect the

physical land resources data, including climate, soil (physical, morphological, and

chemical properties), terrain and the other environmental data which is relevant for

physical land evaluation. For this research, data From _{semi detailed soil map}_of_l: ₅

0.000 _scale_{is used. The}_choosing_{of land}_{qualities and}_{characteristics defined by}

availability of data and its relevant. Secondary is Field verification for clarification

of physical land suitability class, which is resulted, from deskwork activity, and to

improve recent land resources data. Thirdly is Recompilation of physical land

suitability based from field verification data found.

The physical land suitability is divided into 4 class, i.e. S1 as highly

suitable (no or slight limitation to use); S2 as moderately suitable (moderate

limitation to use); S3 as marginally suitable (severe limitation to use); and N as

unsuitable (use is impossible). The accusation result of land suitability class using

ALES program depend on the selection of land use requirement, land

characteristics, and decision trees which is build from _{its characteristics}_{for each}

land utilization types.

The results of this study are: generally, by using ALES and G I s technology,

the characterization of agro-ecological zone, land suitability based on certain

commodities and its directive used can be _well_determined._{Using systematic}_agro-

ecological approach, each land can be utilized effectively and efficiently. By

dividing and or grouping the land into polygon unit presented in agro-ecological

zone map, it will be easier for users to make decision.

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According to characterhation of agm-ecology, the West Lombok is divided

into 5 main zone and 32 sub-zones. Directives for land use in the West Lombok

Regency are: Zone I for forestry systems, Zone II for perennial cropstestate crops,

Zone I11 for a system of alley-cropping (i.e., perennial plants and seasonal crops in

the alleys), Zone

IV

for seasonal crops (cereals, vegetables, seasonal fn~its,

industrial plants, etc) and forage Crops; Zone

VX

for intensive of pond fisheries

(Fishpond) and forests at the border of the coast. According to evaluation of land

suitability using ALES, in Zone I, all seasonal and perennial are not .suitable class

(N),

Zone

II,

some seasonal crops are S3 class and s o m e others are N class, annual

crops are

S3

and 52 class,

Zone

111, some seasonal and annual crops are 52 _class,

some other are S3 class, and another crops are

N

class, Zone

IV,

some seasonal

crops are S l , S2, S3 and N class, annual crops on the greater part are S2 and S3

class, and h e

VI,

all agricultural commodities are

N

class. Operationalization of

AEZ and GIs, for planning and con~olling of the agriculture development should

have a g o d future. When complemented by existing and other supporting

information technology like RS,

GPS,

Expert system, other IT, could aid

management decisions in agricultural development and productivity will be more

realistic and accurate.

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Characterization of Agro-ecological Zones in West Lombok Using Automated Land Evaluation System and Geographic Information System

THESIS

GEOGRAPHIC

Graduate Program

fulfill

Student Name : I Nyoman Sadia

Master

Thesis approved by the Advisory Board:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, this study was started, realized, and ended with the fully blessings of God. Because of this, there were support and contributions from so many people for whom I have the pleasure of expressing my appreciation artd gratitude.

Professor

1 would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Dr. Ir. Handoko, M.Sc, the Director of MIT Study Program and

I wish to thank my friend Drh. Adji Santoso Dradjat, B.Sc.Vet.Mphil., Ph.D and Ir. Budi Indarsih, M.Agr.Sc., lecture staff in Faculty of Animal Husbandry-Mataram University for their sincere help and support my study.

Thin Kaing,

I want to thank all persons who may not have been mentioned one by one, as well as to all others who contributed in the conduct of this study, 1 am most deeply indebted, hopefully God may bless your kindness.

SUMMARY

Development Planning of agriculture need the land resources that suitable

agriculture and livestock production have to be considered.

biophysical, social-economic and cultural aspect. AEZ is mainly defined by varies

Island, especially in West Lombok is various, and its influence to the potential for

computation of quantitative land suitability based on physical parameters using

According to characterhation of agm-ecology, the West Lombok is divided

industrial plants, etc) and forage Crops; Zone

class, and h e

realistic and accurate.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.2. Problem formulation