Pengaruh Pencampuran Karet Alam dengan Karet Khloropren dan Nitril terhadap Sifat Ketahanan Panas dan Minyak

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PENGARUN PENCAMPURAN KARET ALAM

DEMGAN

KARET

KHLBRBPREN DAN

NlTWll

TERKADAP SEAT KETANANAN

PANAS DAN MINYAK

Olen

DlYAN GEUMALA

F.

24. 0767

1 9 9 2

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

IKSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

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D i y a n G e u m a l a . E24.0767. P e n g a r u h p e n c a m p u r a n k a r e t alam

d e n g a n k a r e t k h l o r o p r e n d a n n i t r i l t e r h a d a p s i f a t k e t a h a n -

a n p a n a s d a n m i n y a k . D i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n T a t i t K. B u n a s o r ,

S o e w a r t i S o e s e n o dan R i d h a A r i z a l .

RINGKASAN

Karet alam umumnya b e r a s a l d a r i l a t e k s pohon Hevea

brasiliensis, m e m p u n y a i s i f a t - s i f a t m e k a n i k y a n g b a i k t e -

t a p i k u r a n g t a h a n t e r h a d a p p a n a s d a n m i n y a k . K a r e t k h l o -

r o p r e n d a n n i t r i l a d a l a h k a r e t s i n t e t i k y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i

m i n y a k b u m i . Karet k h l o r o p r e n m e m i l i k i s i f a t l e b i h t a h a n

t e r h a d a p p a n a s d a n o k s i d a s i , s e d a n g k a n k a r e t n i t r i l l e b i h

t a h a n t e r h a d a p m i n y a k .

T u j u a n d a r i p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e m p e l a j a r i

p e n g a r u h p e n c a m p u r a n k a r e t alam d e n g a n k a r e t k h l o r o p r e n

d a n n i t r i l t e r h a d a p s i f a t k e t a h a n a n p a n a s d a n m i n y a k .

P e n e l i t i a n d i b a g i n e n j a d i d u a t a h a p y a i t u p e n e l i t i a n

p e n d a h u l u a n clan p e n e l i t i a n l a n j u t a n . P e n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u -

l u a n d i l a k s a n a k a n u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h k o m b i n a s i k o m p o s i s i

p e n c a m p u r a n k a r e t k h 1 o r o p r e n . d e . n n i t r i l y a n g optimum t e r -

h a d a p s i f a t - s i f a t f i s i k v u l k a n i s a t n y a . P e n e l i t i a n l a n j u t a n

a d a l a h p e n e l i t i a n p e n c a m p u r a n k a r e t alam d e n g a n k o m b i n a s i

o p t i m u m h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n

.

R a n c a n g a n y a n g d i -

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t a r i k , p e r p a n j a n g a n p u t u s , M o d u l u s i O O % , k e k e r a s a n d a n v o -

l u m e v u l k a n i s a t

.

P e n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n m e m p e r l i h a t k a n k o m b i n a s i 8 0 %

k h l o r o p r e n d a n 20% n i t r i l s e r t a k o m b i n a s i 4 0 % k h l o r o p r e n

d a n 6 0 % n i t r i l mampu m e m p e r t a h a n k a n s i f a t f i s i k v u l k a n i s a t

t e r h a d a p p a n a s d a n m i n y a k . P e n e l i t i a n l a n j u t a n . memper-

l i h a t k a n p e n a m b a h a n k a r e t c a m p u r a n p a d a k a r e t alam d a p a t

m e m p e r b a i k i s i f a t f i s i k v u l k a n i s a t y a n g d i h a s i l k a n .

H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i m e n u n j u k k a n k o m b i n a s i 4 0 % k h l o -

r o p r e n d a n 6 0 % n i t r i l m e m i l i k i s i f a t k e t a h a n a n p a n a s y a n g

l e b i h b a i k t e r h a d a p s i f a t k e k u a t a n t a r i k , p e r p a n j a n g a n -

p u t u s , d a n k e k e r a s a n d e n g a n p e n a m b a h a n k a r e t c a m p u r a n ti-

d a k l e b i h d a r i 20 p e r s e n . K o m b i n a s i 8 0 % k h l o r o p r e n d a n 2 0 %

n i t r i l m e m b e r i k a n i i e t a h a n a n m i n y a k y a n g l e b i h b a i k p a d a

M o d u l u s 1 0 0 % d a n p a d a i n t e r a k s i a n t a r a m i n y a k d a n s u h u ,

k o m b i n a s i 4 0 % k h l o r o p r e n d a n 6 0 % n i t r i l l e b i h d a p a t

m e m p e r t a h a n k a n M o d u l u s 1 0 0 X . Pada _{s i f}_{a t}_{p e r u l a h a n} _{v o l u m e ,}

k e d u a B n m b i n a s i k a r e t k h l o r c p r e n d a n n i t r i l m e m p e r l i h a t k a n

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PENGARUH PENCAMPURAN KARET ALAM DENGAN

KARET KHLOROPREN DAN NITRIL TERHADAP SIFAT KETAHANAN

PANAS DAN I I I i l Y h i

O l e h

D I Y A N GEUMALA

F 2 4 . 0 7 6 7

S K R I P S I

S e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

SARJANA TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

p a a a J ~ ~ r u s a n TEENOLOG1 INDUSTRI PEPTBMIAB,

F a k u l t a s T e k n o i o g i P e r t a n i a n .

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

1 9 9 2

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTBMIAN

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

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FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

KARET KHLOROPREN DAN NITRIL TERHADAP SIFAT KETAHANAN PANAS DAN MINYAK

RINGKASAN SKRIPSI

S e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k memperoleh g e l a r

p a d a J u r u s a n TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN,

F a k u l t a s T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n ,

O l e h

D I Y A N GEUMALA

F

_{2 4 . 0 7 6 7}

D i l a h i r k a n p a d a t a n g g a l 6 Desember 1968 d i Bogor

T a n g g a l l u l u s : _{1 0 J a n u a r i 1992}

D i s e t u j u i ,

-aidha.

-

M.Sc.

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KATA PENGANTAR

F u j i d a n s y u k u r p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n ke h a d i r a t A l l a h

SWT, k a r e n a b e r k a t h i d a y a h d a n rahmat-Nya maka p e n u l i s a n

h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n d a l a m b e n t u k s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t d i s e l e s a i -

k a n

.

P e n u l i s mengucapkan t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a :

1. D r . T a t i t K . B u n a s o r , M.Sc. s e b a g a i d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g

u t a m a a k a d e m i k ,

2 . D r . I r . S o e w a r t i S o e s e n o s e l a k u d o s e n pembimbing I 1 _{d i}

l a p a n g a n ,

3 . _{D r . R i d h a A r i z a l , M.Sc. s e l a k u d o s e n pembimbing}

I11

_{d i} l a p a n g a n ,

4 . S e l u r u h s t a f d i p a b r i k p e r c o n t o h a n d a n l a b o r a t o r i u m F i -

s i k a , P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n P e r k e b u n a n Bogor

5 . P a p a , Mama, d i k Boya s e r t a b e r b a g a i p i h a k y a n g t e l a h

m e m b e r i k a n b a n t u a n , b i m b i n g a n d a n a r a h a n b a i k m o r i l

maupun s p i r i t u i l k e p a d a p e n u l i s s e l a m a p e n e l i t i a n

b e r l a n g s u n g .

K r i t i k d a n s a r a n membangun p e n u l i s h a r a p k a n demi

p e r b a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i , d a n s e m o g a b e r m a n f a a t k e p a d a y a n g

memer l u k a n

B o g o r , Desember 1 9 9 1 P e n u l i s

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DAFTAR

IS1

h a l a m a n

KATA PENGAMTAR

. . .

i i i .

DAFTAR I S 1

. . .

i v

. . .

DAFTAR TABEL v i

DAFTAR GAMBAR

. . .

v i i

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

. . .

i x

I

.

PENDAHULUAN

. . .

1

I1

.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

. . .

4

. . .

A

.

KARET ALAM 4

B

.

KARET KHLOROPREN

. . .

7

C

.

_{KARET NITRIL}

. . .

₁₁

D

.

KOMPON KARET

. . .

1 6

E

.

PENCAMPURAN (BLENDING)

. . .

1 9

111

.

BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN

. . .

2 1

A

.

BAHAN DAN ALAT

. . .

2 1

B

.

WAKTU D A N TEMPAT

. . .

2 1

C

.

METODE PEMELITIAN

. . .

2 2

1

.

P e n e l i t i a n P e n d a h u l u a n

. . .

2 2

2

.

P e n e l i t i a n L a n j u t a n

. . .

2 6

3

.

R a n c a n g a n P e r c o b a a n

. . .

2 8

4

.

P e n g a m a t a n

. . .

2 9

I V

.

HASIL D A N PEMBAHASAN

. . .

33

A

.

PENELITIAN PENDAHULUAN

. . .

33

. . .

.

1 P e r u b a h a n Volume ( S w e l l i n g ) 33

. . .

2

.

R e k u a t a n T a r i k ( T e n s i l e S t r e n g t h ) 37

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3

.

P e r p a n j a n g a n P u t u s ( E l o n g a t i o n a t B r e a k )

. . . .

4 1

a h

4

.

Modulus 100% . . .

5

.

K e k e r a s a n ( H a r d n e s s )

. . .

4 6

B

.

PENELITIAN LANJUTAN

. . .

48

1

.

K e k u a t a n T a r i k

. . .

48

2

.

P e r p a n j a n g a n P u t u s

. . .

5 3

3

.

_{Modulus 1 0 0 %}

. . .

_{5 5}

4

.

_{K e k e r a s a n}

. . .

₆₀

5 . _Volume

. . .

_6'4

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

. . .

6 7

A

.

KESIMPULAN

. . .

6 7

B

.

SARAN

. . .

69

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

. . .

70

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DAFTAR

TABEL

h a l a m a n

. . .

.

T a b e l 1 K o m p o s i s i k a r e t alam 4

T a b e l 2

.

Hubungan a n t a r a k e t a h a n a n minyak k o m b i n a s i .

. . .

a k r i l o n i t r i l d a l a m k o p o l i m e r 1 2

.

. . .

T a b e l 3 F o r m u l a kompon k a r e t 2 3

[image:9.590.108.531.60.792.2]

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DBETAR GAMBAR

l i e l a m a n

[image:10.593.77.510.83.739.2]

. . .

Gambar 1. S t r u k t u r m o l e k u l k a r e t a l a m . . 5

. . .

Gambar 2 . S t r u k t u r m o l e k u l k h l o r o p r e n 8

. . .

Gambar 3 . _{Gugus p o l a r k h l o r o p r e n} ₁₁

Gambar 4 . S t r u k t u r m o l e k u l l i a r e t n i t r i l

. . .

1 2

Gambar 5 . _{Gupus p o l a r k a r e t n i t r i l}

. . .

_{1 4}

Gambar 6 . C o n t o h u j i d a y u n g ( d u m b b e l ) .

. . .

3 2

Gambar 7 . G r a f i k p e r u b a h a n v o l u m e v u l k a n i s a t cam- .

. . .

p u r a n k a r e t k h l o r o p r e n d a n n i t r i l . . 3 4 Gambar 8 . G r a f i k k e k u a t a n t a r i k v u l k a n i s a t campur-

. . .

a n k a r e t k h l o r o p r e n d a n n i t r i l 37

Gambar 9 . G r s f i k p e r p a n j a n g a n p u t u s v u l k a n i s a t cam- p u r a n k a r e t k h l o r o p r e n d a n n i t r i l

. . .

4 2

Gambar 1 0 . G r a f i k Modulus 100% v u l k a n i s a t campuran

k a r e t k h l o r o p r e n d a n n i t r i l

. . .

4 4

Gambar 11. G r a f i k k e k e r a s a n v u l k a n i s a t campuran ka-

r e t k h l o r o p r e n dan n i t r i l

. . .

4 6

Gambar 1 2 . H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o m b i n a s i penambahan c a m p u r a n d a n s ~ t h u t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n t a r i k v u l k a n i s a t ( 4 0 % k h l o r o p r e n d a n 602' n i t r i l d a l a m 1 0 0 % k a r e t a l a m

. . .

5 1

Gambar 1 3 . H i s t o g r a m p e n p a r u h k o m b i n a s i penambahan c a m p u r a n d a n suhu t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n t a r i k v u l k a n i s a t (SO% k h l o r o p r e n d a n 60% n i t r i l d a l a m 1 0 0 % k a r e t a l a m

. . .

5 1

Gambar 1 4 . H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h m i n y a k d a n suhu t e r - h a d a p k e k u a t a n t a r i k v u l k a n i s a t ( 4 0 % k h l o - r o p r e n d a n 6 0 % n i t r i l d a l a m 100% k a r e t

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PENGARUN PENCAMPURAN KARET ALAM

DEMGAN

KARET

KHLBRBPREN DAN

NlTWll

TERKADAP SEAT KETANANAN

PANAS DAN MINYAK

Olen

DlYAN GEUMALA

F.

24. 0767

1 9 9 2

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

IKSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

(135)