i ABSTRACT
AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER TALK AND STUDENTS TALK IN SPEAKING CLASS AT THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASSES AT SMA N 1
GADINGREJO
(A Script)
TIAS WINDI ALVITA
The objectives of this research were to find out the pattern of teacher talk and student talk in English classroom interaction of the second grade students of natural science class and social science class at SMA N 1 Gadingrejo based on Flanders Interaction Categories and to find out the differences of teacher talk in these two classes related to the pattern occurred in these two classes. The sample of this research was the second grade students of natural science 4 and second grade students of social science 2 of SMA N 1 Gadingrejo in academic year 2011/2012.
This research was classroom interaction analysis. This research was done in two meetings for each class by using one lesson plan. The data were recorded, observed, transcribed, coded and analyzed by the researcher based on Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories. The result of the research showed that the pattern of teacher talk frequency in XI IPA 4 is lower than teacher talk in XI IPS 2 and the pattern of student talk frequency in XI IPA 4 is higher than student talk in XI IPS 2. In addition, the difference of interaction in XI IPA 4 and XI IPS 2 was in the positive and negative reinforcement that were given by the teacher. The teacher in XI IPA 4 used more positive reinforcement than negative
reinforcement. In other ways, the teacher in XI IPS 2 used more negative reinforcement than positive reinforcement.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Praise is to Allah SWT, for Allah’s gracious mercy and blessing that enables me to accomplish the writing of this script entitled “An Analysis of Teacher Talk and Students Talk in Speaking Class at Second Grade Students of Natural Science and Social Science Classes at SMA N 1 Gadingrejo”.
I would like to express my special appreciation to my first advisor, Drs. Hery Yufrizal, M.A., Ph.D. and my second advisor, Budi Kadaryanto, S.Pd., M.A. for their valuable assistance and inspiration to the completion of this script. I also wish to acknowledge my debt to Drs. Sudirman, M.Pd., the examiner of my script, who has given me valuable input for the improvement of my script.
My appreciation is also expressed to Budi Kadaryanto, S.Pd., M.A., my academic advisor, for his guidance to my study in Lampung University, and to the Dean of the Teacher Training and Education Faculty, the Head of Language and Art Education Department and the Head of English Education Study Program of Lampung University.
I also would like to extend my gratitude to Dra. Hermin Budiarsi, M.Pd., the headmaster of SMA N 1 Gadingrejo who has given me permission to do the research, to the students of class XI IPA 4 and class XI IPS 2. I also want to extend my great appreciation for SMA N 1 Gadingrejo teachers, especially for Ibu Hidanti Karnila, S. Pd. and Ibu Setiyani Tatarina, S. Pd. for their assistance during the research.
Last but not least, I would like to direct my thankfulness to my father, Sukarman and my mother, Kasmiyati, who always pray for my success and provide all the best for me. Special thanks for my friends in English Education Study Program Mbyu, Uwo, Changmi, Nisa, Mb Nur, Dee Dee, Istya, Berber, Diah, Anu, Devina, Mb Mei, Eni, Milah, Mb Hesti, Mb Pur, Deva, Anisa, Mb Kiki, Indah, Gestia, and all of my classmates.
Bandar Lampung, August 2012
iii ADMISSION
1. Examination Committee
Chairperson : Drs. Hery Yufrizal, M.A., Ph.D. …………..
Examiner : Drs. Sudirman, M.Pd. ………….
Secretary : Budi Kadaryanto, S.Pd., M.A. …………...
2. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Dr. Hi. Bujang Rahman, M.Si. NIP 19600315 198503 1 003
ii APPROVAL
Research Title : AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER TALK AND
STUDENTS TALK IN SPEAKING CLASS AT THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASSES AT SMA N 1 GADINGREJO
Student’s Name : Tias Windi Alvita Student’s Number : 0813042048
Department : Language and Arts Education Study Program : English Education
Faculty : Teacher Training and Education
APPROVED BY
1. Advisory Committee
Advisor I Advisor II
Drs. Hery Yufrizal, M.A., Ph.D. Budi Kadaryanto, S.Pd., M.A.
NIP 19600719 198511 1 001 NIP 19810326 200501 1 002
2. The Chairperson of
The Department of Language and Arts Education
v
DEDICATION
This script would highly be dedicated to:
My beloved mother Ibu Kasmiyati and my beloved father Bapak Sukarman (Thank you for your loves, prayers, and supports me in everything I do in my
life)
My beloved father Ayah Suwito
(Thank you for your love in my childhood and making me exist in this world)
My beloved brother, Singgih Tedy Kurniawan and my beloved sister, Septi Mustika Rani
My new brothers, Hutama Priangga and Adetyo Prasojo and my new sister Adinda Septi Karina with my cute niece Kanaya Immania Az-Zahra
My beloved sisters, the fighter of Syariah and Khilafah
My beloved English teacher, Ibu Hidanti Karnila and Ibu setiyani Tatarina
My best friends, Novi Fitri, Tuti Handayani, Reni Mariana and Fadhilah Nurjannah
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
1. Lesson Plan ………...……….. 2. Category Number of FIAC……….….. 3. Transcription of the First Meeting in XI IPA 4………...….. 4. Transcription of the Second Meeting in XI IPA 4……… 5. Transcription of the First Meeting in XI IPS 2………. 6. Transcription of the Second Meeting in XI IPS 2………. 7. Observation Sheet of the First Meeting in XI IPA 4………. 8. Observation Sheet of the Second Meeting in XI IPA 4……… 9. Observation Sheet of the First Meeting in XI IPS 2………. 10. Observation Sheet of the Second Meeting in XI IPS 2………. 11. Surat Izin Penelitian………..
x
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 3.8a Table of Specification of Flanders’s Interaction Analysis
Categories (FIAC) ………...……….. 34
Table 3.8b The Matrix of Data Tabulation………...………….. Table 4.1.1 Pattern of the Teacher Talk and Student Talk in Class XI IPA 4………..……… Table 4.1.2 Pattern of the Teacher Talk and Student Talk in Class XI IPS 2………..………
37
53
68 Table 4.1.3.a Data Tabulation of the Meeting in XI IPA 4…………..…….. Chart 4.1.3a Frequency Diagram of the First and Second Meeting in Class XI IPA 4………..………….…….….
70
71 Table 4.1.3.b Data Tabulation of the Meeting in XI IPS 2…….………...…
Chart 4.1.3b Frequency Diagram of the First and Second Meeting in Class XI IPS 2……….….
77
x
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 3.8a Table of Specification of Flanders’s Interaction Analysis
Categories (FIAC) ………...……….. 34
Table 3.8b The Matrix of Data Tabulation………...………….. Table 4.1.1 Pattern of the Teacher Talk and Student Talk in Class XI IPA 4………..……… Table 4.1.2 Pattern of the Teacher Talk and Student Talk in Class XI IPS 2………..………
37
53
68 Table 4.1.3.a Data Tabulation of the Meeting in XI IPA 4…………..…….. Chart 4.1.3a Frequency Diagram of the First and Second Meeting in Class XI IPA 4………..………….…….….
70
71 Table 4.1.3.b Data Tabulation of the Meeting in XI IPS 2…….………...…
Chart 4.1.3b Frequency Diagram of the First and Second Meeting in Class XI IPS 2……….….
77
vi MOTTO
“Allah SWT is enough for me and Allah is the best protector”. (Q.S. Ali Imran:
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT…. ……….……….……….….….…...
APPROVAL……….……….……….…..……... i ii
ADMISSION……….……….…….. iii
CURRICULUM VITAE………..………..……... iv
DEDICATION……….……….….... v
MOTTO………..….. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………....….. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………..………..….…. LIST OF TABLES………..….…. LIST OF APPENDICES……….….. viii x xi I. INTRODUCTION………..…..……….… 1
1.1 Background of the Problem………..…….…....…... 1
1.2 Research Questions………...….…...… 5
1.3 Objectives of the Research………..………...……..……. 6
1.4 Uses of the Research………..……….……..….……...… 6
1.5 Scope of the Research……….……... 7
1.6 Definition of Terms……….…….. 8
II. LITERATURE REVIEW………..…...….... 9
2.1 Concept of Classroom Interaction…….………....…... 9
2.2 Concept of Speaking………. 2.3 Concept of Teacher Talk and Student Talk …………..………... 12 14 2.4 Concept of Interaction Analysis …….……….….... 17
2.5Procedure of Flanders Interaction Analysis …….……….…….….. 22
2.6Characteristics of Flanders’ Verbal Interaction Analysis………. 24
III. RESEARCH METHOD……..………...………..……….. 26
3.1 Research Design………...………...….. 26
3.2 Data………...………..…….. 27
3.3 Sample……….………... 28
3.4 Instrument………...………...…… 30
3.5 Validity and Reliability of the Data….………... 31
3.6 Research Procedure……….……….…………...….. 32
3.7 Data Collection……….…… 33
ix
IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………...…….….. 39
4.1 Research Findings………..……...…. 4.1.1 Pattern of Teacher Talk and Student Talk in XI IPA 4…………...… 4.1.1.1 First Meeting..………..………...…. 4.1.1.2 Second Meeting……….….. 39 40 40 46 4.1.2 Pattern of Teacher Talk and Student Talk in XI IPS 2………... 54
4.1.2.1 First Meeting………...…. 54
4.1.2.2 Second Meeting……….….. 61
4.1.3 The Difference of the Interaction……… 68
4.2 Discussion of the Findings……….…..……. 83
4.2.1 Pattern of Teacher Talk and Student Talk in XI IPA 4…………...… 83
4.2.2 Pattern of Teacher Talk and Student Talk in XI IPS 2…………..…. 91
4.2.3 The Difference of the Interaction……… 99
V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION………..….……. 102
5.1 Conclusion……….…………..………. 102
5.2 Suggestion……….…..…….. 104
REFERENCES……….…..…….. 106
