A BRIEF STUDY ON AUXILIARY VERBS
PAPER
BY
AMMAYATI SILABAN
062202042
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
FAKULTAS SASTRA
PROGRAM STUDY BAHASA INGGRIS
MEDAN
Approved by Supervisor,
(Dr.Drs.H.Syahron Lubis, M.A.) NIP. 130535807
Submitted to Faculty of Letters University of Sumatera Utara
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English.
Approved by
Head of English Study Program,
(Dra.Syahyar Hanum, D.P.F.E.) NIP.130702287
Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held on the Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatera on 20 June 2009
Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara Dean,
(Drs.Syaifuddin, M.A.,Ph.D) NIP.132098531
Board of Examiner and Reader:
Examiner : Dr.Drs.H.Syahron Lubis, M.A. ( )
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, AMMAYATI SILABAN declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : AMMAYATI SILABAN
Title of Paper : A BRIEF STUDY ON AUXILIARY VERBS Qualification : D -III / Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
1. I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
2. I am not willing that my paper be made available for reproduction.
Signed :
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In this chance, the writer wants to express her gratitude and thankfulness to those who have given contribution to accomplish this paper.
1. Drs.Syaifuddin,M.A,Ph.D, as the Dean Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatera.
2. Dra.Syahyar Hanum,D.P.F.E, as the Head of English Diploma III Departement, who always pays me attention and gives encouragement to finish this paper.
3. Dr.Drs.H.Syahron Lubis,MA, as her supervisor who has given her much support, advice, and correction in accomplishing this paper.
4. Rudy Sofyan S.S as her reader who given her suggestions and comments on the improvement of the paper.
5. Her lovely mother, Mrs. Ernita br Barus for her care, attention, prayers financial and all loves for her and also for my younger sister, Farida isneini silaban and brother Wahidin S.H. Silaban, who has fulfil her life with love.
Finally, the writer would like to thank all sides and for their help in writing this paper and the writer need and advices because there maybe mistakes in it and she also hopes this paper will be beneficial for her and the readers.
Medan, 19 June 2009 The Writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF AUXILIARY VERS ... 4
2.1. Definitions of Auxiliary Verbs ... 4
2.2. Forms And Divisions of auxiliary Verbs ... 5
2.3. Functions of Auxiliary Verbs ... 6
4.2. Shall and Should ... 20
4.3. Can and Could ... 23
4.4. May and Might ... 26
4.5. Must ... 28
CHAPTER V ... 30
5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 30
5.1. Conclusions ... 30
5.2. Suggestions ... 31
ABSTRAK
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Human is a social creature that always interacts with each other. The social interaction is performed with language. Language is arrangement of words, which has meaning. The meaning is conveyed to other people.
As a form of social relation, language can help someone to tell his or her purpose and aim to other people. By using language, we can communicate with one another in society. In other words, language is an instrument of communication that is very important in our life. Language has structures and rules. One language is different from the other. It has its own characteristic. One of them is called grammar.
As international language, English language is one of the languages that we learn in our school since elementary until university. Nevertheless, many people are still confused of the structure or the grammar because they feel that the structure of English is very difficult so they are not confident to learn it more.
1.2 The Objective of The Study
In accomplishing this paper, the writer hopes that she should be able to finish this paper about English auxiliary verb entirely. So that everybody will be able to use this paper as literature for their study and to improve their knowledge about auxiliary verbs.
1.3 The Significance of The Study
After learning this subject, the writer hopes that every body who reads this paper will find what they would like to learn about auxiliaries. They are especially for students who is learning English auxiliary and who has related to English language in their daily life so they are able to:
Increase the reader’s knowledge about auxiliary and describe it clearly. Know division and usages of each auxiliary group.
Find out how the auxiliary verbs work to help main idea and
appear the new meaning.
Analyze auxiliary verbs in sentences to make it correct. Apply auxiliary verb in English language orally or literally.
1.4 The Scope of The Study
1.5 Method of Study
The study is library research. The data were collected by looking for some references in the library. The other source of data is the internet. After all the data about auxiliary had been collected, then they were analyzed based on the theories of how to use auxiliary in sentence proposed by English grammarians.
CHAPTER II
A BRIEF DESRIPTION OF AUXILIARY VERBS
2.1 Definition of Auxiliary
The term of auxiliaries comes from the Latin auxilia (help). It is generally used to describe people employed in an organization, often pre-existing as; reserve force, acting in a support of a main military force. The term auxiliaries or auxiliary force may refer to organization where word auxiliary does not necessarily form the formal title. Auxiliaries may also be locally recruit people who serve as an adjunct to regular military force, especially in the form of colonial troops. We can see some statement in historical usage:
• Auxiliary Division, British paramilitary police forced raised during the
Irish War of Independence 1919-21. • Colonial Auxiliary Forces.
• Roman auxiliaries, non-citizen troops supporting the Roman Legion.
The term auxiliaries as other discrete uses in specific context. However, in this paper it is about auxiliaries that refer to auxiliary verbs in linguistics.
Auxiliary verbs are other verbs to form a complete sentence structure. It usually occurs before the main verb. The main characteristic of auxiliary verbs is that it cannot stand up alone in a sentence but it needs another word.
separate word. Examples of finite verbs include write (no auxiliary verb), have written (one auxiliary verb), and have been written (two auxiliary verbs).
In linguistics, an auxiliary (also called helping verb, helper verb, auxiliary verb, or verbal auxiliary) is a verb functioning to give further semantic or syntactic information about the main or full verb following it. In English, the extra meaning of an auxiliary verb imparts/alters the basic form of the main verb to have one or more of the following functions: passive, progressive, perfect, modal, or dummy.
2.2 Forms and Divisions of Auxiliary Verbs
As a word class, verb can be divided into three categories according to their function within the verb phrase. The open class of full verbs and the very small closed class of primary verbs and modal auxiliary verbs. Since the primary verbs and the modal auxiliary verbs are closed classes, we can list them in full.
Full verbs : believe, follow, like, see... Primary auxiliary verbs : To be, to have, to do.
Modal auxiliaries : can, may, shall, will, must, could, might,
should, would.
If there is only one verb in the verb phrase, it is the main verb. If there is more than one verb the final one is the main verb, and the one or more verbs that come before it is auxiliary.
He must be missed the bus
Leaving and missed in both sentences are the main verbs and might, must and be are auxiliaries.
There is a syntactic difference between an auxiliary verb and a full verb; that is, each has a different grammatical function within the sentence. In English, and in many other languages, some verbs can act either as auxiliary or as full verbs, such as be “I am writing a letter” vs “I am a postman” and have “I have written a letter” vs “I have a letter”. In the case of be, it is sometimes ambiguous whether it is auxiliary or not; for example, "The ice cream was melted" could mean either "Someone/something melted the ice cream" (in which case melt would be the main verb) or "the ice cream was mostly liquid" (in which case be would be the main verb).
Auxiliary words are formed by conjugation into the different forms: am, is, are, shall, should, be, being, been, was, were, will, would, has, have, having, had, do, does, did, can, could, may, might, must, ought(to), get, got, gotten.
2.3 The Functions of Auxiliary Verbs
The operator is functional term given to the finite element of a verb group. Auxiliary verbs become the operator when they occur as the first verb in a finite verb group. See the examples bellow.
The girl must shoot a goal : obligation
Generally, the function of auxiliary verb can be divided into two groups, they are as follows.
A. Primary helping verbs
It is used mainly to change the tense or voice of the main verb and in making questions and negative sentence. In other words, auxiliary verbs determine the tense of verb forms and how the verb as a whole reveals the time or relative time of the action.
B. Modal helping verbs
These verbs are used to show mood change of the main verb. Therefore, it gives more information about the function of the main verb that follows it.
There are some characteristic of how auxiliary is used in a phrase so that we know what is the auxiliary exactly. Primary verbs work as auxiliary also has same characteristic with modals.
1. Auxiliary verbs (sometimes known as helping verbs) are verbs that are used to assist the verb.
CHAPTER III
PRIMARY HELPING VERBS
To be
Generally, as an auxiliary verbs, be has two distinct grammatical functions. 1. As an aspect auxiliary for the progressive
Examples:
• Ann is learning English.
• The schedule has been changing
• The last light was fading by the time he entered the town.
2. As an passive auxiliary Examples:
• That competition was won by Farida.
• He has been come a group of his students from USU. • The system of government is called presidential.
Both of these auxiliary uses of be can occur together in the same clause (the progressive passive).
Examples:
• A mutual investment fund for eastern is being launched to day with the
backing of continental grain.
• A piece of bread is being made for me.
Be is the most common verb in the English language. It has its other forms:
Be, Is/Am/Are, Was/Were, Being, Been. Each of the form has a rule of usage.
Specifically, see the table bellow.
Table I Form of To Be
Subject Present Past Perfect Form Continuous Form
I Am Was Have/had been Am/was being
She, He, It Is Was Has/had been Is/Was being You, We,
They
Are Were Have/had been Are/were being
There are some usages of to be verb in sentence and show the specific meaning which appear.
Normally, we use the verb to be to show the status or characteristic of something or someone. It says what I am, what you are or what something is.
Examples:
• They are friends. (Present simple) • She was a doctor. (Past simple) • It will be nice later. (Future simple) • They will be students. (Future simple)
When used with the present participle of other verbs it describes actions that are or were still continuing.
Examples:
• He was having a meeting when he called me last night.(Past
continuous)
The verb to be (Is/Am/Are, Was/Were) is used to create simple “yes/no” questions by simply inverting the order of subject and the “to be”
Examples:
• Am I disturbing you? Yes you are/ No you are not.
• Is this your coat? Yes it is/ No it is not.
• Is he killing that animal? Yes he was/ No he was not.
• Were they talking in the class? Yes they were/ No they were not
The verb to be is also used to form the passive voice. Examples:
• The car is being repaired by Jack in the garage. • My mother is often helped by John.
• My paper was being corrected in the room.
To do
Table II Form of To Do
Subject Present Past Present Participle
Past Participle
He, She, It Does Did Doing Done
I, You, We, They Do Did Doing Done
There are some functions of verb to do:
Do support in negatives and interrogatives. Do function as auxiliary verb when
lexical main verbs are made negatives or used in interrogatives. Examples:
a) Negatives
• He doesn’t smoke or drink. • They don’t take this examination. • I didn’t care what he told to me. • It didn’t work well yesterday.
b) Interrogatives
Let us compare the sentence bellow.
• I realized it was from smoking. (Positive clause) • I didn’t realize it was from smoking. (Negative clause) • Did you see Andy to day? (Interrogative clause) • You saw Andy to day. (Declarative).
Emphatic do occurs as an auxiliary verb in a clause that is not negated and is not a question. It is used to emphasize the meaning of the main verb or the rest of the clause in positive, in contrast with what one might expect. In speech, emphatic do is usually stressed. It most commonly occurs in conversation and fiction.
Examples:
• I did have a protractor, but it broke. • I really did go to see him
• But in the final hours he did deliver the goods
Emphatic do cannot be combined with another auxiliary. • it does might help
• they do can careful
Emphatic do usually marks a state of affairs that contrasts with an expected state of affairs. The contrast is sometimes explicitly marked by connectives such as but, however, nevertheless, though and although.
Examples:
A special use of emphatic do is in commands or suggestion/ invitations that use the imperative form. Although this use sounds controversial, it occurs more commonly in fictional dialog than in actual conversation.
Examples:
• Oh do shut up!
• Do come and see me sometime.
• Do get on with your work, John.
• I do beg you to consider seriously the points I’ve put to you.
Auxiliary do as a pro-verb. Like main verb do, auxiliary do can act as a pro-verb, standing in for the whole verb phrase + complement. It is used in both positive and negative clauses:
Examples:
• A: He does not event know you.
B: He does! (does= does know me)
• I think his mom wants him to come back but his dad doesn’t.
Auxiliary do in question tags. Do function as auxiliary in question tags. Examples:
• This delay solves nothing, does it? • You hit him, don’t you?
• They went to Berastagi, didn’t they?
Examples:
• Did your mother know me? Yes she did.
• Do wildflowers grow in your back yard? Yes it does.
• Does your classmates are solid in an organization? No, they do not.
Forms of do are useful in expressing similarity and differences in conjunction with so and neither. It is also helpful because we do not have to repeat the verb. Examples:
• My sister hates vegetables and so does my brother. • I do not enjoy my holiday; neither do them.
• Raisya excelled in language English; so did I. • Keisya studies as hard as her brother does.
Do also can be used with be to make imperative sentences.
Examples:
• Don’t be silly!
• Do be quite!
• Do be a good girl.
To have
Have also is one of the most common verbs in the English language. it
functions in various ways. To have also has its other forms. They consist of: to have, to has, to had. As other primary helping verbs, to have also has a rule in
Table III Form of To Have
Subject Present Past Continuous
I, You, We, They Have Had Having
She, He, It Has Had Having
Forms of the verb to have are used to create tenses known as the present perfect and past perfect. The present perfect tense indicates that something has happened. The present perfect continuous indicates that something happens and might be continuing to happen. The past perfect indicates that something happened prior to something else happening.
Examples:
• They have gone to Bandung.(Present perfect)
• She has made a decision for that affair. (Present perfect) • We had married in this city. (Past perfect)
• He had come here.(Past perfect)
• It had been bursting since a year ago. (Future perfect continuous) • I have been enjoying my holiday for three days. (Future Perfect
continuous)
To have is also used in questions and negatives without do.
Examples:
• Has he gone to the market?
• No, I have not seen him before.
There are no progressive (having) forms of the auxiliary verb have. Examples:
• He has gone to school.(Not he is having gone to the school)
• She has made many accessories. (Not they are having made many
accessories.
To have sometimes combined with to get is used to express a logical inference.
Examples:
• It is been raining all week; the street has to be flooded by now. • He hit his head on the door. He has got to be sick.
Have is often combined with an infinitive to form an auxiliary whose meaning is
similar to must. Examples:
• I have to have a phone like that.
• He has to pay his fee school tomorrow.
• She has to have been the first student to try that.
To have is also combination with other modal auxiliary verbs to express
probability and possibility in the past.
As an affirmative statement and in negatives statement, to have can express how certain you are that something happened.
Examples:
• They might have voted already.
• I may not have been there at the time of party started.
To ask about possibility or probability in the past. Examples:
• Could Clinton have known about the gifts? • Would they have understood about this problem? • Might they have started the competition?
For short answer, a modal is combined with have. Examples:
CHAPTER IV
THE MODALS IN ENGLISH
We also include among the kinds of auxiliary verb, those auxiliary verbs are called Modal Auxiliaries or Modals. They differ from the other auxiliaries both in that they are defective verbs and in that, they can never function as main verb. There are ten modal Verbs; can, could, may, might, ought, shall, should, will, would, and must. It do not change form for differ subjects.
Modal auxiliary verbs give more information about the function of the main verb that follows it. There is also a separate section on the modal auxiliaries or modals, which divides these verbs into their various meanings of possibility and necessity in terms of freedom to act (including ability, permission and duty), and the other (shall not included) concerns it self with the theoretical possibility of propositions being true or not true including likelihood and certainty. These verbs provide sample sentences in various tenses. The shades of meaning among modal auxiliaries are multifarious and complex.
4.1 Will and Would
There are some sentence how this modal verbs used in sentence and what is the specific meaning which appeared from each sentence.
Will and would used to make polite request.
Examples:
• Will you open the door please? • Will you speak louder, please?
• Would you mind helping me please?
• Would you sit down
Will and would can be express willingness.
Examples:
• We’re going to the movies. Will you join us? • I will wash the dishes if you dry.
• Wait! I will help you to carry out the luggage. • Would you please take off your hat?
• I can wait if you would pick me up.
Will and would also used to express futurity. Will use for act in the future
meanwhile would used to express act in the future past and in the second form conjunctive sentence.
Examples:
• They would come to see you tomorrow.
Modal verb will and would are virtually interchangeable, but there are differences. In modal verbs will, it can also express intention especially for the first person: Examples:
• I will do my exercises later on.
• I will get the best point in this semester.
Meanwhile in form of modal would express insistence; rather rare and with a strong stress on the word would, characteristic activity, a sense of probability and express hypothetical meaning.
Examples:
• Now you have ruined everything. You would act that way. (insistence) • Customary; after work, he would walk to his home in West Hartford.
(characteristic activity)
• Typical (casual); She would cause the whole family to be late every
time. (characteristic activity)
• I hear a whistle. It would be the five o’clock train.(sense of probability) • My cocker spaniel would weigh a ton if I let her eat what she wants.
(hypothetical meaning)
4.2 Shall and Should
perhaps in old fashioned English, shall in the first person, singular and plural, indicates mere futurity. However in other person shows an order, command or prophecy; “Cinderella, you shall go to the ball!” Therefore , it is impossible to make shall questions in this person. Shall we? Makes sense, shall you? Does not.
Shall is also used in legal and engineering language to write firm laws and
specifications as in these samples;
“Those convicted of violating this law shall be imprisoned for a term of not less than three years,” and “The electronics assembly shall be able to operate with in its specifications over a temperature range of 0 degrees Celsius to 70 degree Celsius”.
Meanwhile should is commonly used, even in dialect where shall is not. The negation is should not or the contraction shouldn’t.
Should can describe an ideal behavior or occurrence and imparts a normative
meaning to the sentence; for example, “you should never lie” means roughly, “ If you always behaved perfectly, you would never lie”; and “ if this works, you should not feel a thing” means roughly, “ I hope this will work. If it does, you will
not feel a thing” in dialects that use shall commonly, however, this restriction does not apply; for example, a speaker of such a dialect might say, “ If I failed that test, I think I should cry”, meaning the same thing as, “ if I failed that test, I think I would cry”.
prepared for it” or “ Should it happen, we are prepared for it” ; when early modern English would say, “if it happen, we are prepared for it”, and many dialects of would say , “ if it happens, we are prepared for it”.
There are some examples of shall and should in sentences bellow. It shows how it use and various meaning which appeared.
Shall is often used in formal situations (legal or legalistic documents, minutes to
meeting, etc) to express obligation, even in third person and second person constructions.
Examples:
• The college president shall report financial shortfalls to executive
director each semester.
• The board of directors shall be responsible for payments to
stockholders.
• The contract states that tenant shall pay landlord a monthly rental of
Rp.500.000
Shall seldom use for anything other than polite questions (suggesting an element
of permission) in the first person. Examples:
• Shall we go now?
• Shall I call a doctor for you?
Should is usually replaced, nowadays by would. It is still used however to means
ought to.
Examples:
• You really shouldn’t do that.
• If you think that was amazing, you should have seen it last night.
Should with the first person pronouns in expressions of liking such as “I should
prefer iced tea” and in tentative expression of opinion Examples:
• I should imagine they’ll vote conservative. • I should have thought so.
4.3Can and Could
Modal verb can is used to possession of ability in general or in a particular circumstance at the present or future time. Can is regularly and correctly used to ask for and give permission and it has been used that way for centuries. It is also used to express a general possibility. The negative of can is the single word ‘cannot’. Can is request and permission is often used informally. It usually sounds less polite than could.
Could is a complex modal with several meanings and kinds of nuances.
Could offer suggestions and possibilities when could is used in the negative to
also use sometimes with the sense of ‘may’ or ‘might’, expressing specific possibility. Could function can also use to conditional idea.
There are some rules of auxiliary verbs can and could it has little different with rules of ‘may and might’. For clearly, we can see bellow:
a) There is no suffix-as for third person singular. b) Questions in negatives are made without do.
c) After can and could it is use with infinitive without to of other verbs. d) Modals verbs of can and could have no infinitive or participles.
e) Modal verb could it sometimes use as the past of can. However, it can also be use as last definite or conditional form of can, revering to the present or future.
f) Certain past ideas can be express by can or could followed by a perfect infinitive.
Modals verbs can and could can use to all person on the present and future. If the subject of third person singular the verb is not “s/es”. generally the usage of modal verb can and could are use to express ability, possibility, permission, request, critics, order and suggestion. Beside the usage of modal verbs, there are also function that use in the usage of modal verbs.
Can used to express ability (in the sense of being able to do something or
knowing how to do something). Meanwhile it is used form in the past. Examples :
• I could always beat you a tennis when we were kids. • We could finish this work if you were not leave me.
In expression ability, can and could frequently also imply willingness; “can you help me with my homework?”
Auxiliary verbs of can used to express permission (in the sense of being allowed or permitted to do something, and to express past or future permission used could). Can is less formal than may.
Examples:
• Can I talk to my friends in the library waiting room? • You can go home now.
• Could I bury my cat in your back yard?
• I could go to the mountain with my friends.
Can also use to express theoretical possibility and could express possibility or
ability in contingent circumstances. Examples:
• It can be hard rainfall if there are many dark clouds in the skies.
• American automobile makers can make better cars if they think there
is a profit in it.
• If he studied harder, he could past this course.
• If they didn’t drive fast, the accident could not be happened.
Could also always express present possibility.
• They could often find much money from that job.
4.4May and Might
Modal verb of may is used for permission and possibility. However, it can be also used for another function in sentences such as request, hopes, suggestion, etc. May is used to express a week degree of certainty. May is more polite and formal than can to obligation and freedom to act and the other situation.
Modal verb of might is past form of may, but some situation in sentences or action use might quite commonly with a present or future. It is more common to use may or might with the perfect aspect to provide a past tense. Might can be used conditional sentence or mood. While there are some dialects where the use of might to replace may is common, even in colloquial or informal speech, there are
other dialects where might serves a more polite or formal form of may. It is almost the same as could with can. Might is also to express weak.
There are some rules may and might as modal auxiliary verbs: a) There is no suffix-s for the third person singular.
b) Questions and negatives are made without do.
c) After may and might, it is used with infinitive without to (bare infinitive) of other verbs.
d) May and might do not have infinitives or participles (to may, maying, mighted do not exist)
usually refer to situation that are less definite. Might also replace may in the past indirect speech.
f) However, certain past ideas can be expressed by may or might followed by a perfect infinitive.
g) Might has a contracted negative mightn’t. May is very unusual.
Modal verb of may and might can used to all subject pronoun, they are; I, you, they, we, she, he, it. Generally, the meaning which appeared from verb may and might are used to express possibility, permission, request and hopes or wishes. There are some kinds of specified meaning of may and might verb when it use in sentence.
When make the context of granting and seeking permission use may. Might is the past tense of may. Might is considerably more tentative than may.
Examples:
• May I go home now?
• May he come in here?
• May I borrow your car?
May also used to offering help.
Examples:
• May I help you?
• May I take this book for you?
In the context of expressing possibility, may and might are interchangeable in present and future forms. It forms the past tense when; might +have + past participle.
Examples:
• He might be my advisor next semester. • He may be my advisor next semester.
• She might have advised me to continue my study in capital city. • They might have cooked kinds of food for us.
• I do not see her in that class, she may be unwell.
Avoid confusing the sense of possibility in may with the implication of might that a hypothetical situation has not in fact occurred. For instance, let’s say “There is been a helicopter crash at the airport”. In his initial report, before all the facts are gathered, a newscaster could say that “The pilot may have been injured”. After we discover that the pilot is in fact all right, the newscaster now say that “The pilot might have been injured” because it is a hypothetical situation that has not occurred. Another example: “a body had been identified after much work by a detective”. It was reported that “without this painstaking work, the body may have remained unidentified.” Since the body, in fact identified, might is clearly called for.
4.5Must
It used to express something is imperative or obligatory. Examples:
• Students must come to school on time. • Workers must obey the regulations • Children must respect the parents
Must also use to express certainty
Examples:
• Robert must be at home, I see his car in the carport. • Working all day? You must be tired.
• Clara must know English well because she has been in England for
ten years.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
Language has important role in our life. We can communicate by using language with each other. In communication, we must know the rules of language such as polite communication. If we want to request for something and to express permission or give criticism we use rules of speech. If we know the rules, so that somebody as our intercolocuter will feel happy to speak with us.
Auxiliary verbs are divided into two groups, they are primary verbs and modal helping verbs. In primary verbs there are to do, to have, to be. This group is function as main verb either as auxiliary verbs and both of them have similar meaning.
Meanwhile, modal auxiliary verbs consists of shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, must. They cannot stand up alone without other verbs in
5.2 Suggestions
After reading and learning about the modal verbs, the writer of this paper realizes that there are auxiliary verbs which have important function. The auxiliary verbs are important in daily communication when we need help from someone like permission, request, suggestion, etc. The writer thinks that this study should be continued to make it easier for readers to use auxiliary verbs because there are many similarities of functions that may make us confused.
The writer hopes by reading this paper, the readers will feel easy to understand auxiliary verbs. She also hopes that teachers should pay attention to this subject and to teach it to their students. Because many students who just know the auxiliary in general.
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