Pemanfaatan Kembali Air Buangan Industri Pengolahan Jamur Champignon (Agaricus bisporus) dengan Proses Daur Ulang

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GHAMtSBG8ON

Wgarieus bisporus

>

DENGAN

PROSES

DAOR

ULANG

Oieh

INA NURMALINA

F 23. 0407

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

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I n a N u r m a l i n a .

F

23 0407. P e m a n f a a t a n k e m b a l i a i r b u a n g a n i n d u s t r i p e n g o l a h a n j a m u r c h a m p i g n o n

(m

bisporus) d e - n g a n p r o s e s d a u r u l a n g . D i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n S u h a d i H a r d j o .

RINGKASAN

I n d u s t r i p e n g o l a h a n j a m u r m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u i n d u s t r i

y a n g t i n g k a t k e b u t u h a n d a n p e m b u a n g a n a i r n y a t i n g g i . P e n g o -

l a h a n

j a m u r

s e g a r d a r i j e n i s c h a m p i g n o n m e n j a d i j a m u r y a n g

d i k e m a s k a l e n g a d a l a h s a l a h s a t u c o n t o h n y a . U n t u k mempro-

d u k s i 1 0 0 t o n j a m u r s e g a r d a l a m w a k t u 20 j a m e f e k t i f , d i b u -

t u h k a n s e k i t a r 3 880 m 3 a i r b e r s i h . Dari j u m l a h t e r s e b u t ,

h a n y a s e k i t a r 1 0 % y a n g d i m a n f a a t k a n s e b a g a i komponen p r o d u k .

S e b a g i a n b e s a r a i r d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p r o s e s p e n c u c i a n , p e m a s a k -

a n , p e n d i n g i n a n , s t e r i l i s a s i d a n t r a n s p o r t a s i , y a n g a k h i r n y a

a k a n m e n j a d i a i r b u a n g a n . B e r d a s a r k a n h a 1 i n i , d i b u a t s u a t u

p r a - r a n c a n g a n p e n g o l a h a n a i r y a n g n ~ e m a n f a a t k a n k e m b a l i a.ir

b u a n g a n ( r e c y c l i r ? g ) d a r i p r o s e s p e n g o l a h a n j a m u r m e n j a d i a i r

y a n g m e m e n u h i s y a r a t s e b a g a i a i r p r o s e s . D e n g a n a d a n y a p r a -

r a n c a n g a n i n i d i h a r a p k a n j u m l a h a i r b u a n g a n p e r h a r i m e n j a d i

l e b i h k e c i l d a n p e m a k a i a n a i r d a p a t d i h e m a t . B e r d a s a r k a n p e -

n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n t e r l i h a t b a h w a a i r b u a n g a n y a n g b e r a s a l

d a r i p r o s e s p e m a s a k a n ( b l a n c h i n g ) d a n p e n c u c i a n awal ( p r e -

w a s h i n g ) a d a l a h a i r b u a n g a n y a n g p a l i n g r e n d a h m u t u n y a . O l e h

k a r e n a i t u , m e m i s a h k a n a i r y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i k e d u a sumb

s e b e lum me l a k u k a n p . e n g o l a h a n a i r , m e r u p a k a n p i l i

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B e r d a s a r k a n s i f a t f i s i k d a n k i m i a a i r b u a n g a n g a b u n g a n

( t a n p a a i r b u a n g a n d a r i b l a n c h e r d a n p r e - w a s h e r ) , d i b u a t s u a -

t u r a n c a n g a n p e n g o l a h a n a i r b u a n g a n d e n g a n t u j u a n :

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m e -

n g u r a n g i j u m l a h p a d a t a n , ( 2 ) m e n g u r a n g i k a n d u n g a n a m o n i a k d a n

n i t r i t

,

( 3 ) m e n u r u n k a n k e s a d a h a n . ( 4 ) m e n i n g k a t k a n k a n d u n g a n

o k s i g e n t e r l a r u t , d a n ( 5 ) m e n g h i l a n g k a n r a s a d a n b a u . U n t u k

t u j u a n t e r s e b u t s u s u n a n r a n c a n g a n p e n g o l a h a n a d a l a h p e n a p i s -

a n , k l o r i n a s i a w a l , a e r a s i , k o a g u l a s i , p e n g e n d a p a n , d e n i t r i -

f i k a s i , f i l t r a s i , p e l u n a k a n , d a n k l o r i n a s i a k h i r .

P r a - r a n c a n g a n i n i m e m b u t u h k a n b i a y a i n v e s t a s i awal s e b e -

s a r Rp. 6 5 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 d a n b i a y a o p e r a s i o n a l s e b e s a r Rp. 207 4 0 5

2 5 0 p e r t a h u n . B i a y a a i r h a s i l o l a h a n y a n g d i h a s i l k a n s e b e -

3

s a r Rp. 410/m . J i k a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n b i a y a p e m b e l i a n a i r

b e r s i h m e l a l u i PAM, maka d a r i s e t i a p m 3 a i r h a s i l o l a h a n d a -

p a t d l h e m a t b i a y a s e b e s a r Rp 1 2 7 0 . J i k a p e n g h e m a t a n t e r s e -

b u t d i h i t u n g s e b a g a i k e u n t u n g a n , maka d a l a m w a k t u 8 b u l a n

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PEHANFAATAN KEHBALI A I R BUANGAN I N D U S T R I PENGOLAHAN JAKUR

CHAKPIGNON

(Agarkmi

DENGAN P R O S E S DAUR ULANG

o l e h

I n a N u r m a l i n a

F 23 0407

S K R I P S I

S e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

SARJANA TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

p a d a J u r u s a n T e k n o l o g i I n d u s t r i P e r t a n i a n ,

F a k u l t a s T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

1 9 9 0

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

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I t i ' ! ' I PERTAN 1 A I I BOGOR

FAKI!L,TAS TERNCJLOGI PEKTANIAN

.. . .~ .. . ... -. .. .

['EMANPAATAN KEHRAL'L A I R BUANGAN I N D U S T R T PENGOLAHAN JAHUR

Cti AHPIGNON ( &~~LC.~C-U-LS

hj.spozu.s.)

DENGAN P R O S E S DAllR ULANG

S K R I P S I

:,e!:~seai s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

S A R J A N A TEKNOLOGI P E R T A N I A N

pacia ' J u r u s n n T e k n o l o g i I n d u s t r i P e r t a n i a n ,

i n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

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F 2 3 11407

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h a l a m a n

I . PENDAHAULUAN

. . .

1

I1 . TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

. . .

3

A . A I R BUANGAN INDUSTRI

. . .

3

B . KONSUMSI A I R DALAM INDUSTRI

. . .

4

. . .

C . PARAMETER UMUM KUALITAS AIR 5 1 . B a h a n P a d a t a n

. . .

5

2 . K e s a d a h a n

. . .

6

3 Dissolved O x y g e n . . . 7

4 . B i o c h e m i c a l O x y g e n Demand

. . .

7

5 . C h e m i c a l O x y g e n Demand

. . .

8

6 . Kasa d a n B a u

. . .

8

c- I . k l a r n a . . . Ei 8 . K e k e r u h a n

. . .

9

D . PEMANFAATAN KEMBALI A I R BUANGAN INDUSTRI . . . 9

E . PENGOLAHAN A I R BUANGAN INDUSTRI

. . .

11

1 . P e n y a r i n g a n . . . 13

2 . A e r a s i

. . .

1 4

-

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.

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5

_. F i l t r a s i . . . 18

6 . K l o r i n a s i . . . 20

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. . .

.

I11 PROSES PENGOLAHAN JAMLIR

A . BAHAN BAKU DAN BAHAN PEMBANTU

. . .

.

B

TERNOLOGI PROSES

1

.

S u b I : P e n c u c i a n s a m p a i d e n g a n

. . .

S o r t a s i

.

. . .

2 S u b I1 : P e n g a l e n g a n

3 . S u b I11 : S t e r i l i s a s i

. . .

.

. . .

1 V METODOLOGI

. . .

.

A A N A L I S I S KUALITAS A I R

1 . B a h a n d a n A l a t

. . .

.

. . .

2 W a k t u d a n T e m p a t

3 . P e n r n t u a n L n k a s i P e n g a m b i l a n

4

.

T e k n i k P e n g a m b i l a n C o n t o h

5 . M e t o d a A n a l i s i s . . .

B

. PERENCANAAN . . .

. . .

.

C PERHlTUNGAN BIAYA

I V . HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN . . .

A . DASAR PERENCANAAN . . .

1 . S i f a t d a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k

. . .

A i r B u a n g a n

2 . D e b i t A i r B u a n g a n

. . .

B . PERENCANAAN SISTEM PENGOLAHAN

. . .

A I R BUANGAN

1 _. _{P e n g u m p u l a n d a n P e n a m p u n g a n} _{. . .}

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. . .

.

Z

_{A e r a s i}

3 . K o a g u l a s i d a n P e n g e n d a p a n

. . .

4 . D e n i t r i f i k a s i

. . .

. . . .

5 F i l t r a s i

6 _. _{P e l u n a k a n}

. . .

7 . P e n a m p u n g a n A i r H a s i l O l a h a n

. . .

. . . .

C

_{K A J I A N MASALAH SOSIAL}

. . .

D

. PEKHITUNGAN BIAYA

. . .

V . KESIMPULAN DAN SAEAN

A . KESIMPULAN . . .

. . .

.

B SARAN

UAFTAH PUSTAKA . . .

. . .

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DAFTAR GAMUAR

Ganibnr 1 , 1:ekanisiri~ k e r j a k l o r i n s e b a g a i d i s i n f e k t a n

. .

G a m b a r 2 . S t a s i u n p e n g a m b i i a n c o n t o h

G a m b a r 3 . B a g a n a l i r r a n c a n g a n

. . .

p e n a n g a n a n a i r b u a n g a n

G a m b a r 4 . Bak p e n c a m p u r s i s t e m S e k a t

. . .

G s m b a r 5 . B e n t u k d a n u k u r a n b a k p e n g e n d a p

. . .

G a m b a r 6 . P e n y a r i n g p a s i r

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p e o p l e

may d o u b t

w h a t

vorl s a y

b u t

t h e y

m u s t

be1 i - I ~ P

what

_yo11_{d o}

. .

(102)

GHAMtSBG8ON

Wgarieus bisporus

>

DENGAN

PROSES

DAOR

ULANG

Oieh

INA NURMALINA

F 23. 0407

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

(103)