A Thesis
Submitted to Letter and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Strata One Degree (S1)
By
DELLA MAYVALENCIA 2060-2600-4317
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANTIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
i ABSTRACT
Della Mayvalencia, “An Analysis of Meaning Equivalence of English Slang Language Translation in Wild Child Movie Text”. Thesis: English Letters Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2011.
The aim of the research is to analyze the English slang language in the text and how it is translated into Indonesian language in Wild Child movie and the aim of the research is to know how the meaning equivalence between translated text and the original text in Wild Child movie especially in English slang language. The method used in this research is qualitative description. The sources of the data in this study are sentences and utterances that contain English slang language and their translation in Indonesian.
iv
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material published own written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or strata 1 of the university or the other institute of higher learning, expect where due acknowledge has been made in the text.
Jakarta, 6th July 2011
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to ALLAH SWT,
almighty, for his blessing and mercy. I realize that without HIS blessing, mercy and wish this research will not be finished. Then, my greatest respect goes to
Prophet MUHAMMAD, the messenger of ALLAH.
On this occasion, I would like to be grateful to my helpful advisor, Dr. M. Farkhan, M.Pd for all his help in giving me important clues and guiding patiently in finishing this research. I hope that God will bless you for all of your
kindness to me and you will get good reward in your life.
I also thank my lovely parents, Hasan Basri and Asnah Hasan for their love
and pray for me, for my goodness and success in the future. My lovely sisters
Betha, Sherra and brother Andre who keep supporting me with full attention. I
love you all, in the pure hope that God will always maintain our love forever.
The writer would also like to give her special thanks and appreciation for
these noble persons:
1. Prof. Dr. Komarudin Hidayat, MA, the Rector of Syarif Hidayatullah State
Islamic University of Jakarta.
2. Dr. H. Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M.Ag, the Dean of Faculty of Adab and
vi
2. Drs. Asep Saifuddin, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department, Letters
and Humanities Faculty, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of
Jakarta.
3. Elve Oktaviani, the Secretary of English Letters Department.
4 The lectures and the staffs of Faculty of Adab and Humanities.
5. Then, with all my heart, the writer would like to thank to Teteh Deli for her
helpful advice to finishing this research and process of the research.
6. All of her classmates in the English Department; Literature Class and
Translation Class, thanks for being her inspiration and motivation.
7. All library staffs of Center Library and English Departement Library of
UIN.
8. All library staffs of PKBB Library of Unika Atma Jaya.
9. My gratitude goes to all of my lovely friends especially Wendy, Fadly,
Bibah, Nanik, Ryo and Aldi who have encouraged me in finishing this
research.
Finally, the writer realizes that this paper is far from being perfect; therefore,
she needs suggestion and critics from anyone that will encourage her to have
further study.
Jakarta, March 2011
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ... i
APPROVEMENT ... ii
LEGALIZATION ... iii
DECLARATION ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A.Background of Study ... 1
B.Focus of the Study ... 4
C.Research Questions... 5
D.Objective of the Study ... 5
E.Significance of the Research ... 5
F. Research Methodology……… 6
1. The Method of Research………. 6
2. Technique of Data Analysis……… 6
3. Research Instrument……… 7
4. Unit of Analysis……… . 7
5. Procedure of the research………... 7
G.Place and Time of the Research………. .... 8
viii
B. Definitions of Slang Language ... 10
C. History of Slang Language... 12
D. Why People Use Slang language ... 13
E. Varieties of Slang ... 14
F. The Translation of Equivalence ... 16
CHAPTER III. THE MAIN FINDINGS A. Data Descriptions ... 20
B. Data Analysis ... 23
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusions ... 36
B. Suggestions ... 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 38
1 A. Background of Study
Humans are social creatures who cannot live alone but they must always
interact with each other. For these purposes, human beings use language as a
mean of communication. In communication there are two kinds of language; they
are formal language and informal language. To determine which category of the
language it belongs to whether formal or informal we should look at the degree of
politeness which is influenced by the speaker, the person who is spoken to and the
context of the conversation. Formal English, for example, is used in international
meeting and the writing of academic journal. Basically, to determine whether a
text is using a variety of formal or informal can be observed from the selected
vocabulary.
Informal vocabulary in English includes slang or vocabulary called Slang
Language (language of jargon or slang). “Slang is a label frequently that is used to
denote certain informal or faddy usages of nearly anyone in the speech
community.”1 From the explanation, Slang includes informal language commonly
used in everyday conversations. The slang vocabulary is always growing and
developing as humans try to find a language that is fresh, interesting and colorful.
1
Slang sometimes can be vulgar, sex, humorous, and hard which is close to the
language of young people. So it is not wrong to say that slang is the language of
young people which is used by a lot of teenagers.
The use of slang in American English is found almost in all the activities of
community life there. Variations of this language can easily be found in various
media such as newspapers, magazines, novels, music, and movies. In the movie,
slang can be found in the presentation of different languages. Therefore to help us
understanding American English language programs (foreign) in the movie we
certainly need a translator. The function of the translator is to translate the
language content of the source language movie (the relevant foreign language)
into the target language (Indonesian), so that we can grasp the content submitted
by a movie. According to Newmark the definition of translation is "rendering the
meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the
text."2 In translating the English slang language it is also associated with linguistic
factors such as: phonology, phonetic, semantic, cultural factors and
sociolinguistics that we often call the speech components.
For example, “when we travel to college campuses in the United States
(U.S.), do not be surprised if someone said, "You so Obama!" This does not mean you look like President Barack Obama, but it is another form of expression "Elu
Keren Banget! (You’re so cool)" In the pages of the daily The Washington Post
revealed that "Obama" has now become one of the new vocabularies that became
2
popular among young people on campus. No wonder the word was included in the
slang dictionary published by the British-American University of California
(UCLA) in Los Angeles.”3
To find out how important the understanding of these slangs to avoid
misunderstanding in translation in Indonesian language and to be more familiar
with the expression, the writer uses the concept of equivalence to analyze the
slang meaning contained in a movie script titled "Wild Child". The Wild Child
movie was produced at Universal Pictures and directed by Nick Moore. In this
movie, the slang language which is used by entire player is American and British
slang language.
In this movie, there are some examples of English slang language that is
used in Wild Child movie, some of them are:
Dude: Teman ("Dude, Who loves ya?")
Loser: Pecundang ("These girls are all ugly losers")
Arsehole: Bajingan/ Brengsek ("So, if you behave like an arsehole")
SULA (Sweaty Upper Lip Alert)4: Waspadai Hasrat Ciuman Bibir.
From the examples above, we can see that slang languages in that movie
some could be understood directly without opening a dictionary, but some slang
languages cannot be understood directly; we must see in a dictionary and find the
real meaning of the slang language.
3
http://www.lintasberita.com/go/720926. Accessed on August 12, 2010.
4
In the first example, the writer used the word Dude, in dictionary it means
“pesolek”, it is far from the real meaning in Wild Child movie, because if we
make a deep analysis by seeing a slang dictionary, it means “teman” and it
explained that the word comes from American slang today.
Then in the second example, the writer put the word “loser”, it means,
“pecundang”. It is clear that this word can be understood directly, without opening
a dictionary because this word is widely used in various movie and everyday
conversation.
In the third example, the writer put the word “arsehole”, it means,
“bajingan/brengsek (intended to a man). It is clear that this word cannot be
understood directly; but it must be seen in slang dictionary to know the real
meaning.
The next word the writer put is SULA (Sweaty Upper Lip Alert), in Wild
Child movie, it means, “Waspadai Hasrat Ciuman Bibir” and it explained that the
word includes slang because long words that are shortened and a new acronyms
used by teenagers which they play with by creating many new word and
expressions in the movie can be called slang language.
From the description of the slang language, then the writer wants to discuss
“An Analysis of Meaning Equivalence of English Slang Language Translation in
Wild Child Movie Text.” B. Focus of the Study
In this research, the writer limits the scope of the study by focusing on
August 2008 (Netherlands), produced by Nick Moore, played by Emma Robert
and the others actresses and actor.
C. Research Questions
To ease the research, the writer formulates the questions of the research:
1. How is the English slang language translated into Indonesian language in
Wild Child movie text?
2. How is the meaning equivalence between translated text and the original
text in Wild Child movie especially in English slang language?
D. Objective of the Research
The objectives of the study are:
1. To know how the English slang language translated into Indonesia
language in Wild Child movie text.
2. To know how the meaning equivalence between translated text and the
original text in Wild Child movie especially in English slang language.
E. Significance of the Research
The writer considers that this analysis is worth doing because of several
reasons. Firstly, the writer hopes that this research can give more information and
knowledge to the reader on how slangs are applied in teenager’s daily
conversation, for slang is also part of language in society and has an important
gives contribution to the readers about the meanings of those slang words and
phrases so they know not Indonesia slang only, but also American and British
slang. Third, this research can be used as an additional reference for other students
who are interested in studying further about the writer’s related topic, especially
for the students of English Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State
Islamic University, Jakarta.
F. Research Methodology 1. The Method of Research
The writer uses the descriptive qualitative as a method of the research. Thus,
the descriptive method is the way to describe and explain something as what it is.
By using this method the writer tries to explain about slang language used in Wild
Child movie.
2. Technique of Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis is to find out some evidences related to slang
language in Wild child movie. The first step, the writer watches the movie and
reads the script. The second step, the writer gives a sign of slang words or phrases
in the text of this film. Then look for the equivalence of slang terms used in the
film. The next step, the writer identifies the meaning of slang language found in
the movie. And then the writer compares between English slang language and the
between slang language and the translation in Indonesian. Therefore, the writer
uses describe qualitative analysis techniques.
3. Research Instrument
The Instrument in this research is the writer herself as a subject that is by
watching movies, recording data obtained marks as well as slang and classifying
the words contained in the script to discover the meaning of slang and equivalence
that existed in the film Wild Child. Then, other data obtained from the writer of
books, articles, internet, and so on.
4. Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis in this study is the movie English slang language text on
Wild Child movie directed by: Nick Moore Release Date: 14 August 2008
(Netherlands).
5. Procedure of the research
In writing in this research, the writer does the following steps:
a. Watching wild child movie and then observe the slang words or phrases
in the text of this film.
b. Analyze the translation of English Slang language into Indonesian
language.
c. Analyze the meaning equivalence of the translation especially slang
d. Making conclusion.
G. Place and Time of the Research
The writer starts doing this research from August 2010, when the writer was
studying at ninth semester at the English Department, Adab and Humanities
Faculty, State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. This research
9 A. Definitions of Translation
There are many definitions of translation on the references that all give the
theories, they are:
According to Nida and Teber, “Translating consists in reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural equivalence of a source language message,
firstly in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”5 From the explanation,
reproducing means made to closely resemble, copy or equivalent of source
language to target language.
According to Newmark, “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into
another language in the way that the author intended the text.”6 From the
explanation, rendering means a written communication in a second language
having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language.
And according to J.C.Catford, “Translation is the replacement of textual
material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language.”7
From the explanation, replacement means a process of replacing or of being
replaced; substitution of source language to target language.
5
Eugene A Nida and Charles R Taber, The Theory and Practie of Translation, (Leiden: EJ Brill, 1974), p. 12.
6
Peter Newmark , A Textbook of Translation, (London :Prentice Hall, 1998), p.5.
7
Based on those definitions above there are three purposes in translation: the
first, it Includes two languages; the source language (SL) and target language
(TL). The second, Translation is to defend the content from message or meaning
in source language text to target language text. And the third, a translator tries to
find the equivalent of source language text to target language text.
B. Definitions of Slang Language
Slang has been described as “language that is being slung about instead of
being handled with stately consideration”. It is often vigorous, colorful and to the
point.8 So, slang is not stylistic means, but loaded with expressive content. Many
linguists have written about the slang language. This might be due to the
uncertainty status, so that there are many definitions about a variety of slang.
Among them:
“Slang is a form of language that is not appropriate for either formal writing
or speech.”9 Then According Eric Partridge, “Slang is easy enough to use, but
very hard to write about with the facile convincingness that a subject apparently
so simple would, at first sight, seem to demand. But the simplest things are often
the hardest to discuss, for it is usually at first sight only that their simplicity is
what strikes one the most forcibly.”10 “And slang being the quintessence of
8
Hans P.Guth, and Edgar H.Schuster, American English Today; The Uses of Language, ( New York: Mc Graw-Hill book Company, 1970), p.190.
9
Grammar Speech and Style, (India: New Delhi, Pentagon Press, 2005), p.93.
10
colloquial, must always be related to convenience rather than to scientific laws,
grammatical rules and philosophical speech.”11
The definition of slang receives a particularly systematic treatment. Slang
here is defined as any expression that meets at least of the following criteria
(paraphrased):
a. It lowers the dignity of formal or serious speech or writing.
b. Its use implies that the user’s is familiarity either with the referent or with the less statusful or less responsible class of people who have such special familiarity and use the term.
c. It is a taboo term in ordinary discourse with people of a higher social status or greater responsibility.
d. It is used in placed of the well-known conventional synonym. Especially in order to (1) protect the user from the discomfort caused by the conventional item or (2) protect the user from the discomfort or annoyance of further elaboration.12
Here are examples of sentences in English subtitles that contain the words
and slang phrases:
• What the hell are you doing? (The hell has no meaning). The hell as an
insert is used to punctuate sentences what are you doing? This sentence can be spoken in anger, or spoken to friends who are very familiar. It also depends on intonation.
• Bloody: The meaning is bleeding, but this word is often used to show
annoyance or emphasis on the word that follows it, like bloody hell.
Different groups use different slang. Here's an example:
• American Slang: "What's up, dude?"
• Australian Slang: "G'day, mate!"
• General Slang: "How's it going?"
Based on those definitions above the writer knows that every linguist has his
own theory about slang. But the writer can conclude that slang appears because
young and attractive person wants something fresh, new, and original words to
share their ideas, emotion, and desire.
C. History of Slang Language
To know about English slang language, the writer searches some materials
or references that related to slang language. After reading and browsing in the
internet, the writer has assumption that slang appears for the first time because of
war and some people want another language beside the Standard English to make
it easier and simpler to convey ideas or desire. Some of them are using English by
shortening the words, so it will be easier for them to express it. From the book
“Slang To-day and Yesterday”13 by Eric Partridge, there are five decades of slang
history and there are the characteristics of slang in each decade. They are:
Table 3.1 Parts of Slang History
No Decades Characteristics
1. 16th Century Thieves’ of slang appear between 1517 and 1537. 2. 17th Century Slang is related for the immoral action of the society at
the time
3. 18th Century Slang is usually used for comedy.
4. 19th Century Slang is more growth and slang is the life of London’s society to make a conversation each other. 5. 20th Century Slang is being part of the spoken language.
13
D. Why People Use Slang
"According to the British lexicographer, Eric Partridge (1894-1979)14,
people use slang for any of at least 15 reasons:
1. In sheer high spirits, by the young in heart as well as by the young in years; 'just for the fun of the thing'; in playfulness or waggishness.
2. As an exercise either in wit and ingenuity or in humour. (The motive behind this is usually self-display or snobbishness, emulation or responsiveness, delight in virtuosity).
3. To be 'different', to be novel.
4. To be picturesque (either positively or - as in the wish to avoid insipidity - negatively).
5. To be unmistakeably arresting, even startling.
6. To escape from clichés, or to be brief and concise. (Actuated by impatience with existing terms.)
7. To enrich the language. (This deliberateness is rare save among the well-educated, Cockneys forming the most notable exception; it is literary rather than spontaneous.)
8. To lend an air of solidity, concreteness, to the abstract; of earthiness to the idealistic; of immediacy and appositeness to the remote. (In the cultured the effort is usually premeditated, while in the uncultured it is almost always unconscious when it is not rather subconscious.)
9a. To lessen the sting of, or on the other hand to give additional point to, a refusal, a rejection, a recantation;
9b. To reduce, perhaps also to disperse, the solemnity, the pomposity, the excessive seriousness of a conversation (or of a piece of writing);
12. To induce either friendliness or intimacy of a deep or a durable kind. (Same remark).
13. To show that one belongs to a certain school, trade, or profession, artistic or intellectual set, or social class; in brief, to be 'in the swim' or to establish contact.
14. Hence, to show or prove that someone is not 'in the swim'.
15. To be secret - not understood by those around one. (Children, students, lovers, members of political secret societies, and criminals in or out of prison, innocent persons in prison, are the chief exponents.)
E. Varieties of Slang
After reading the book “Slang, Today and Yesterday” by Eric Partridge15
,
the writer finds some types of English slang language. Some of slang types are:
1. Jargon
Jargon, originally as in Chaucer used of the warbling of birds, has long
been employed loosely and synonymously for slang, but it should be reserved
for the technicalities of science, abuse or impertinence, as in Foote’s play , the
professions, and trades: though, for such technicalities shop is an equally good
word.
For example, common people who live in Indonesia says: kelahiran ", but
obstetrician say partus. In every operation there is usually a specialist whose jobs anesthetize patients before surgery. This doctor was not called "dokter
bius" or "tukang bius" but called "anastetis" (anesthetist).
15
In discussing the spelling system, two linguists may prefer to use the word
"ortografi" (orthography). Rhyme at the end of lines of poetry called "rima" (ryme) by the writer. To make a word more polite (example: bathroom
replacing a water closet) is called "euphemism" (Euphemism).16
2. Argot
Argot slang is a kind of social groups is limited and often suspects
activities as contrary to social norms and regulations. Members of these
groups have their own argot as one of self- identity that sets it apart from other
groups. “And argot has chiefly among the cultured and the pretentious. Now
argot, being merely the French for slang, has no business to be used.”17
For example of the use of argot can be seen in the writings of James
Kirkup entitled "Erotica and Exotica", published in the Sunday Times "dated
June 30, 1991 is:
"I was obsessed by public lavatories -" cottages "or" tea-rooms "in the gay argot that was so very far from gay."
The above story illustrates the lifestyle of the “homosexual” community
group. Definition of the term "lavatory" was not that of smaller rooms as
understood by the wider community but a place which is used by
homosexual groups for sex. Similarly, the term "tea-room" does not mean
room for a cup of tea also “smoking room” is not a special room for
smoking but a place provided to inhale marijuana.
16
Wishnubroto Widarso, Bahasa Inggris: Dialek, Ragam, Jargon, Slang, Blends, Clipped Words, (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989), p.64.
17
3. Colloquial
Colloquialism is therefore taken to be a sectional distinctiveness of speech.
In this way the word has come to be associated with a certain kind of
reproach. Mostly people avoid using words that are described in the dictionary
as colloquial. But colloquial words do not have much to do with sectional
distinctions and can be used under some specific situations. “The word
colloquialism merely used to describe words that are not very often used in
formal writing and are more used in every speech.”18
Here it is an example of a colloquial sentence and its formal counterpart:
Colloquial : You should not cook up stories. Formal : you should not tell lies.
Colloquial also referred to as the everyday language. A typical
characteristic of this language is reduced usage of linguistic features contained
in the sentence. Reductions of the linguistic features of language
communication are meant to be more concise and practical, familiar and create
an atmosphere that is not rigid (informal / formal), as an example:
o Wanna a reduced form of Want to. It means want (Ingin). o Gonna is the reduced form of Going to. It means will (Akan).
o Gotcha is the reduced form of Got You. It has various meaning which depend upon the context.
F. The Translation of Equivalence
The meaning equivalence is a core part of the theory translation (Barnstone,
1993), and the practice of translation as the realization of the translation process
always involves searching for equivalence of meaning. Searching for equivalence
18
itself will lead translator to the concept of translatability and untranslatability. As
implied by its name, the concept translatability in general does not cause problems
for translators so long as he has a good knowledge of the elements that form the
text of the source language and target language and Socio-Cultural Studies of both
languages. “Conversely, the concept untranslatability will automatically lead to a
dilemmatic situation for translator; he attempts to search an equivalence that he
does not find in the target language.”19
Besides that, In the process of translation translator is just a communicator
who bridges the flow of information from authors and readers should be able to
eliminate such interference or subjectivity. For that every interpreter should have
some guidelines in an equivalence and alteration (Machali, 2000: 104).
According to Newmark offers “general translating strategies is cultural
equivalent. It is used to replace the cultural concept of source language by the
cultural concept of receptor language; at least the concept could be similar to the
one in source language.”20
Unlike the Newmark, Eugene Nida divided two types of equivalence: formal
equivalence and dynamic equivalence (in Bassnett-McGuire, 1981). Formal
Equivalence is basically recreated from the process orientated in the source
language structure and arrowed to come across as wide as possible the form and
the meaning of the original message. Therefore, in the process of translating all
the efforts aimed to reproduce the formal elements include (1) grammatical units
19
Drs. M. Rudolf Nababan, M.Ed, Teori Menerjemah Bahasa Inggris, (Pustaka Pelajar Offset, 1999/ 2003), p.93.
20
(2) the meaning that fits the context of the source text. Contrary to formal
equivalence, dynamic equivalence is „the principle of equivalent effect’, where the
relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as
that which existed between the original receptors and the message.”21 This natural
Thesaurus contains terms in accordance with (1) language and culture of the
target, (2) the context of a particular message, and (3) the target language
audience.
Unlike the Nida and Taber, Baker(1992), distinguish five types of matching,
namely: the equivalence at the level of words, matching the top level of words,
textual equivalence, grammatical equivalence, and pragmatic equivalence. Baker
distinguishes between:
a. Equivalence that can appear at word level and above word level, when
translating from one language into another. Baker acknowledges that, in a
bottom-up approach to translation, equivalence at word level is the first
element to be taken into consideration by the translator. In fact, when the
translator starts to analyzing the ST she/he looks at the words as single units
and order to find a direct „equivalent’ term in the TL. Baker gives a
definition of the term word since it should be remembered that a single word
can sometimes be assigned different meanings in different languages and
might be regarded as being a more complex unit or morpheme. This means
that the translator should pay attention to a number of factors when
considering a single word, such as number, gender and tense.
21
b. Grammatical equivalence, when referring to the diversity of grammatical
categories across languages. Baker notes that grammatical rules may vary
across languages and this may pose some problems in terms of finding a
direct correspondence in the TL. In facts, she claims that different
grammatical structures in the SL and TL may cause remarkable changes in
the way the information or message is carried across. These changes may
induce the translator either to add or to omit information in the TT because
of the lack of particular grammatical devices in the TL itself. Amongst these
grammatical devices which might cause problems in translation Baker on
number, tense and aspects, voice, person and gender.
c. Pragmatic equivalence, when referring to implicatures and strategies of
avoidance during the translation process. Implicature is not about what is
explicitly said but what is implied. Therefore, the translator needs to work
out implied meanings in translation in order to get the ST message across.
The role of the translator is to recreate the author’s intention in another
culture in such a way that enables the TC reader to understand it clearly.22
22
20 A. Data Description
In this data description, the writer wants to discuss the slang language that is
used in the Wild Child movie by Nick Moore, which was published on 14 August
2008 (Netherlands). Here, the writer tries to tabulate the collected data through the
following table:
a. The slang language used in the movie.
b. The meaning in the Standard English.
c. The meaning of words.
d. The translation of English Slang language into Indonesian language.
e. The varieties of slang.
In this chapter, the research focuses on slang language used by actresses and
actors who played in Wild Child movie. Below are the illustrations of the slang
language in the movie. The writer tries to analyze them one by one into the
Standard English. After that, the writer identifies the meaning of slang language
found in the movie. The writer analyzes the meaning equivalence between slang
language and the translation in Indonesian. And then, the writer limits herself in
discussing three varieties of slang; they are jargon, argot and colloquial. The
10. Ballistic relating to projectiles or
their flight
Wild24 Marah besar Argot
11. SULA None Sweaty Upper Lip
http://www.world-english.org/slang_world.htm. Accessed on February 9, 2011.
26
19. Gosh None God and used to
From the tabulated data above, then the writer tries to analyze the selected
slang words by categorizing them into the types of slang and knowing the
meaning equivalence between translated text and the original text. To get further
description of analysis, the writer tries to illustrate as follows:
A. Jargon 1. Suck
Source Text Target Text
Everything's going to suck without you Semuanya akan kacau tanpamu?
The word “suck” was translated to “kacau”. Literally, “suck” means “to
draw into the mouth by contracting the muscles of the lips and mouth to make a
partial vacuum”, translated to “isap”(verb). Actually, according this movie
poppy’s friend doesn’t want poppy go to school and stay in another country.
Therefore, based on slang dictionary, the translator used the term “suck” is “to
27
http://www.slangsite.com/slang/H.html. Accessed on February 15, 2011.
28
be bad and unacceptable”, in Indonesian it means “kacau”(adjective). The
translator prefers to use dynamic equivalence to make the most natural
translation. And the word “suck” includes jargon.
2. Dude
Source Text Target Text
Dude, who loves ya? Teman, siapa yang menyayangimu?
As written above, “Dude” was translated to “Teman”(noun). Literally,
“dude” will be translated to “pesolek” (noun). This translation will be
ineffectively used and may confuse the reader. So the translator used “teman’’
(This is can be used to refer to any person whether they are known by the
speaker or not) after seeing slang dictionary. The translator rather used Cultural
equivalence because cultural phrases which derive their meaning from a cultural
reference with which the speaker and listener must both be familiar in America.
It explained that he word comes from American slang today and it includes
jargon.
3. Shit
Source Text Target Language
She means no home clothes for a week like I give ashit
Maksudnya tidak boleh memakai pakaian biasa selama seminggu, Sial.
As written above, “like I give a shit” was translated “sial”. The literal
meaning of “like I give a shit” in Indonesia is “seperti aku memberi kotoran”. It
that way it would not make a sense. So it was translated “sial” to make a sound
more natural. It includes dynamic equivalence and jargon.
4. Buddy
The word “Buddy” was translated to “teman”. The true meaning buddy is a
close friend. In Indonesia means “kawan”(noun). It is showed pragmatic
equivalence because have reproduce meaning in modulation that the word
buddy means a process that is experienced by a word where is the old meaning
has a wider meaning than the new one(narrowing meaning). The translator
focused on the source text message and context and still the translation is
acceptable in target language. And it explained that the word comes from
American slang today and includes jargon.
5. PDF ( Pretty Damn straight Forward )
Source Text Target Language
Translation today, everyone. So, PDF, Pretty Damn straight Forward.
Terjemahan hari ini, semuanya. Jadi, PDF, cukup lansung saja
The acronym “PDF” is Pretty Damn straight Forward, it explained that the
word is long words that are shortened and a new acronym used by teenagers
who they play with by creating many new word and expressions in the Wild
Child movie, it called jargon (familiar in cyber world). Based on slang
Document Format” was translated “Format dokumen portable”. It is far from the
real meaning. So, the translator rather used dynamic equivalence to translate the
slang language and reproduce more natural translation.
6. SAD (Seasonal Affected Disorder)
Source Text Target Language
You will definitely get SAD Kamu pasti akan merasa PPM.
The acronym “SAD” is Seasonal Affected Disorder, it explained that the
word is long words that are shortened and a new acronym used by teenagers
which they play with by creating many new word and expressions in the Wild
Child movie, it called jargon (familiar in cyber world). Based on slang
dictionary “SAD” is Seasonal Affected Disorder was translated “Penyakit
Pengaruh Musim” and acronym (PPM). In dictionary means someone feel sad
and feeling or showing sorrow, unhappy. It is far from the real meaning because
in Wild Child movie it explained that the teenagers depression due to lack of
sunlight, resulting in acne and weight gain. The translator rather used dynamic
equivalence to translate the slang language and reproduce more natural
translation because this acronym is different form, but the meanings are equal.
7. FYI (For Your Information)
Source Text Target Language
Okay, but I choose my friends, and FYI, you don't make the cut. I'm
sure that comment would sting a lot more if I knew what FYI meant.
Oke, tapi aku yang memilih teman, dan FYI, bukan kau yang
memutuskan.
The acronym FYI is For Your Information, it explained that the word is long
words that are shortened and a new acronym used by teenagers which they play
with by creating many new word and expressions in the Wild Child movie, it
called jargon. Based on slang dictionary “FYI” is “For Your Information”, it means “sekedar info”. In dictionary cannot find the real meaning. So, the
translator focused on the source text message and context which acronym still
kept translated in target language. It called formal equivalence.
B. Argot 8. Guys
Source Text Target Language
Let's go, you guys. You can keep that.
Your dad's a Mafia guy or something.
Ayo, semua. Kau bisa memilikinya.
Ayahmu mafia atau yang lainnya.
The first example, the word “guys” is translated into “semua”, the true
meaning of guys is “a man”, in Indonesia means orang laki-laki/ pria. It is far
from the real meaning in Wild Child movie. It includes modulation that the
word a change meaning process that is experienced by a word which firstly
contents a special meaning, and then it widens until cover a meaning class
which is more general (generalization meaning). This is called pragmatic
equivalence.
The second example, the word “a mafia guy”(noun) is translated into
“mafia”. Literally, “a mafia guy” in Indonesia is “seorang mafia (laki-laki)” but
“mafia” to make a sound more natural. It includes grammatical equivalence and
argot (a kind of social groups is limited and often suspects activities as contrary
to social norms and regulations).
9. Asshole/ Arsehole
Source Text Target Language
So, if you behave like an arsehole, we all suffer, so do not get us in your shit
Jadi, jika kau bertindak seperti
bajingan, maka kita semua menderita, jadi jangan berulah.
As written above, “arsehole” was translated to “bajingan”. Literally, in
dictionary the word “Arsehole” cannot find the real the meaning. In Wild Child
movie it means that Poppy behavior so wild. So, the translator rather used
culture equivalence to translate the slang language because it word from English
and it called the British slang while in American called “asshole”. In addition, it
includes argot and vulgar slang.
10.Ballistic
Source Text Target Language
Mrs Kingsley will go ballistic. Ny. Kingsley pasti akan marah besar
The word “ballistic” is translated “marah besar”(adjective). Literally,
“ballistic” means “relating to projectiles or their flight or moving under the
force of gravity only and science.” is translated to “ilmu ballistic or gerakan
peluru”(noun). Therefore, based on slang dictionary, the translator used the term
dynamic equivalence to make the most natural translation. It includes argot and
British slang language.
11.SULA ( Sweaty Upper Lip Alert)
Source Text Target Language
Don't try and hide it, honey. We've got ourselves a SULA
Jangan pernah mencoba dan menyembunyikannya, sayang. Kami
menamakan diri kami "SULA".
The acronym SULA is Sweaty Upper Lip Alert, it explained that the word is
long words that are shortened and a new acronym which they play with by
creating many new word and expressions in the Wild Child movie, it called
argot (members of these groups have their own argot as one of self-identity that
sets it apart from other groups). Based on slang dictionary “SULA”, it means
“Waspadai Hasrat Ciuman Bibir”. In dictionary cannot find the real meaning.
So, the translator focused on the source text message and context which
acronym still kept translated in target language. It called formal equivalence.
12.Screw
Source Text Target Text
Screw them. Persetan dengan mereka.
The word “screw” was translated “Persetan or masa bodoh”. Literally, based
on the dictionary the meaning of “screw” is “sharp-pointed metal pin with a
raised helical thread running around it and a slotted head”29, in Indonesian it
means the nouns “sekrup”. It is far from the real meaning or it is not equal in
29
Wild Child movie, because after seeing a slang dictionary and watch the movie,
it means “sexual intercourse”, in Indonesian it means the particle “persetan or
masa bodoh” which explained in this movie that Poppy does not care about the
rule in her school. The translator prefers to use dynamic equivalence to more
natural translation. It includes vulgar slang and argot.
13.Snog
Source Text Target Language
Oh, my God. You have to snog
Freddie
Oh, Tuhanku. Kau harus berciuman
dengan Freddie.
The word “snog” was translated to “berciuman”. Literally, in dictionary the
word “snog” cannot find the real meaning. In Wild Child movie it means that
Poppy must to kiss lustily or a really wet kiss with Freedy. So, the translator
rather used culture equivalence to translate the slang language because from
England, it is called the British slang while in French it called French kiss. It
includes vulgar slang and argot.
C. Colloquial 14.Bitch
Source Text Target Language
Welcome to Malibu, bitch!
You awful bitch!
Selamat datang di Malibu, jalang!
Kau pelacur jelek!
The first example, the word noun“bitch” was translated to noun “wanita
is equal in formal equivalence which focuses on the source target message
context. Furthermore, it is clear that this word can be understood directly,
without opening a dictionary because this word is widely used in various
movies. It includes colloquial because used in everyday conversation.
The second example, the phrase “awful bitch” (adjective+noun) was
translated into”pelacur jelek” (noun+adjective). It includes transposition
because the phrase changes the structure from source language which
adjective+noun was translated into noun+adjective. So, the translation rather
used grammatical equivalence to translate the slang language and reproduce
more effective and natural translation. They are different form, but meaning are
equal.
15.BTW ( By The Way)
Source Text Target Language
I don't know how much help I'm going to be. And BTW, which, FYI, means
"By the way,"
aku tidak tahu seberapa banyak bisa kubantu. Dan BTW , FYI, yang
artinya “ngomong-ngomong”
The acronym BTW is By The Way, it explained that the word is long words
that are shortened and a new acronym, it is called colloquial (familiar in
everyday conversation). Based on slang dictionary “BTW” is By The Way, it
means “ngomong- ngomong”. In dictionary cannot find the real meaning. The
translator focused on the source text message and context which acronym still
kept translated to ease in target language so that it can used in other sentence. It
16.Loser
Source Text Target Language
These girls are all ugly losers who think a mani-pedi
Mereka ini pecundangyang buruk
yang hanya memikirkan menikur-pedikur
As written above, “ugly loser” (adjective+noun) was translated into
“pecundang yang buruk” (noun+adjective). Based on the dictionary, the word
“loser” means a person who fails frequently or is generally unsuccessful in life”.
In Indonesia is “pecundang”. It explained transposition because the phrase
changes the structure from source language which adjective+noun translated
into noun+adjective. The translator rather used grammatical equivalence to
translate the slang language and reproduce more effective and natural
translation. In addition, it is clear that this word is widely used in various movie
and everyday conversation. It called colloquial because used in everyday
conversation.
17.Shut up
Source Text Target Language
Shut up. Hit it.
Feel free to shut me up
Diamlah. Catat itu.
Terlalu merasa bebas untuk membuatku diam.
As written above, “shut up” was translated to “diamlah”. Literally, “shut” is
translated to “move (something) into position so as to block an opening” with
preposition “up”. In Indonesia the word “shut” means “mengunci/ menutup” and
word is phrase. However, the translator changed the form of the source language
and omitted the preposition. The translator rather used dynamic equivalence to
translate slang language and reproduce more effective translation. It includes
colloquial because used in everyday conversation.
18.Hook up
Source Text Target Language
So, all I have to do is hook up with the headmistress' son
jadi, yang hanya harus aku lakukan adalah menggoda anak kepala sekolah
The phase “hook up” was translated to “menggoda”. Literally, in dictionary
the word “hook” is “a piece of metal or other hard material curved or bent back
at an angle, for catching hold of or hanging things on”, it means “kail/ kait” and “up” is a preposition. So this word cannot translate word by word. However,
the translator changed the form of the source language and omitted the
preposition. The translator prefers to use dynamic equivalence to translate slang
language and reproduce more effective translation. It includes colloquial
because used in everyday conversation.
19.Gosh
Source Text Target Language
Gosh, you look like James Bond Ya Tuhan, kau terlihat seperti James Bond.
The word “Gosh” is translated into “Ya Tuhan”. In dictionary the word
cannot be found, while based on slang dictionary, the word is slang language
same meaning and equal in formal equivalence. The translator still kept the
original meaning and context, the Indonesian translation is acceptable. It
includes colloquial because used in everyday conversation.
20.Hot
Source Text Target Language
That dress is so hot!
We need to look really hot for the social.
Bajunya seksi sekali.
kita harus terlihat sexy diacara sosial.
The word “hot” was translated into “seksi”. Literally, in dictionary the word
“hot” means “having a high degree of heat or a high temperature”, in Indonesia
translated “panas”. It is far from the real meaning in Wild Child movie, so the
translator rather used modulation that has association meaning to translate the
slang language and reproduce more effective and natural translation because
before the word hot just mean denotative meaning but now the word hot can
mean connotative meaning. It is called pragmatic equivalence. It includes
colloquial because used in everyday conversation.
21.Naughty
Source Text Target Language
No, I have certainly not been naughty. Tidak, aku tidak pernah nakal. .
As written above, the word “naughty” was translated to “nakal” (adjective).
Literally, “naughty” means (especially of a child) badly behaved, disobedient).
change as contradiction of ameliorative, which is value of old meaning is felt
higher or better than the new one. Pejorative relates that is applied in the social
life (pejorativ) because the word naughty especially to a child, now in slang
language the word “naughty” means negative meaning especially a woman have
related sex or indecent. The translator rather used pragmatic equivalence to
translate the slang language and reproduce more effective translation. And it
36 A. Conclusions
After analyzing the main findings, then the writer wants to draw some
conclusions. In this chapter, the writer describes some conclusions as follows:
1. The slang languages that utilized in this movie scripts are from the
America or American slang and English or British slang.
2. Relating to the varieties of slang, they can be classified into jargon,
argot, and colloquial. These varieties can be found in the movie scripts
and in the facts that these words have been written in text such as Screw,
buddy, Snog, Gosh, Ballistic, SAD, PDF, Guys, BTW, FYI , etc.
3. The translation of slang language in Wild Child movie into Standard
English was referred to slang dictionaries, book references, internet and
the original movie scripts.
4. The translation of slang language into Indonesian language in Wild
Child movie based on the meaning equivalence between translated text
and original text. The equivalence in this translation consists of formal
equivalence, dynamic equivalence, cultural equivalence, grammatical
5. Although the slang language is non- standard language, it makes people
more creative to develop their language and their vocabularies as they
used the language in a suitable position or situation
B. Suggestions
After the conclusions above, the writer has some suggestions as below:
1. In slang language translation we should consider the culture from source
language in order to make equivalence in the used language and we
should consider the conversation context to match the meaning.
2. For all the readers or students of English Department, especially at the
Adab and Humanities Faculty or the other faculty of the State Islamic
University, Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, hopefully will further study
about the slang language and make it as one of topics for research study
in the future.
3. The writer hopes that this research will be useful for the future
38
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40
http://www.veryabc.cn/movie/uploads/script/WildChild.txt.
Genre: Comedy
Synopsis: A rebellious Malibu princess is shipped off to a strict English boarding school by her father.
Running Time: 1 hr. 38 min.
In Theaters: Aug 14, 2008 Wide (Netherlands)
Distributor:Universal Pictures
Directed By: Nick Moore
The Plot Summary of Wild Child Movie
The film starts with Poppy Moore and her friends trashing all her dad's
girlfriend's stuff in a wild prank. When her father angrily arrives, he tells her he is
sending her to boarding school in England.
Arriving at the school, called Abbey Mount, Poppy meets the headmistress
Mrs. Kingsley, head girl Harriet, and her 'buddy' Kate. She is miserable in her
new life, as she does not fit in and has no friends.
After getting dirty water on her by Harriet's helper, Poppy and Kate become
semi-friends. Discovering that the girls’ old phones were decoys, Kate lets Poppy
use hers to call Ruby. When Ruby sees the message she is disgusted and goes to
sleep with Roddy.
When she reveals that her mother had died several years ago, her roommates
decide to help her get expelled. Together, they carry out several pranks which
gradually bring them closer together. When none of their plans work they decide
to seduce the headmistress's son Freddie, who is strictly forbidden to flirt with any
of the girls. After dancing with Freddie at the school dance, Poppy trips and hits
her head, which leads Freddie to take the concussed girl outside for air, where he
asks her out on a date.
The next day, Poppy discovers her talent for lacrosse and whips the school's
team into shape, getting them into the finals. On the date Poppy finds herself
roommates reading an email supposedly sent by Poppy stating that she thought all
of her new friends were losers. She then finds that Freddie has been given a
similar email and is thereafter ignored by her friends. Poppy, with no one else to
turn to, sneaks down to the cook's room and rings Ruby, who accidentally reveals
how much she dislikes Poppy. Feeling even more alone, Poppy starts playing with
her lighter, accidentally setting a curtain alight. Hearing footsteps, she quickly
puts out the fire and runs off. A few minutes later, she looks out her window to
see a fire, and wakes the school. When they find that Drippy is missing, Poppy
runs into the burning school to rescue her. After the fire is put out, Freddie finds
her lighter and gives it back to her, refusing to listen to what happened. Just as she
realizes that she no longer wants to leave, Poppy goes to the headmistress and
confesses.
While Poppy waits for the Honors Court, who will decide if she should be
expelled, Freddie finds her crying and becomes convinced that the fire was an
accident. During the hearing, Poppy tells her story while her roommates find out
that Poppy didn't send the emails. Going to the court, they stand up for Poppy and
Harriet accidentally confesses to restarting the fire after Poppy had put it out. The
movie is left off at the lacrosse finals. Poppy's father comes to the game and is
shocked by Poppy's dramatic change of appearance and how much she looks like
her mother. Abbey Mount wins the Lacrosse finals and the film ends with Poppy
