CONFESSIONS OF A SHOPAHOLIC
A Thesis
Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Strata 1 (S1)
By:
ERLINA PRANISTIASARI 205026000539
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTEMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
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Erlina Pranistiasari, “Shopping Behavior as the Reflection of the Hierarchy of Human Needs on the Main Character in the Film Confessions of A Shopaholic”. Thesis: English Letters Departement. Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2011.
This research that uses descriptive qualitative method is aimed to find how the character of Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character and her shopping behavior in the film Confessions of A Shopaholic reflects the needs based on The Hierarchy of Human Needs of Abraham Maslow’s theory. The writer identifies the character’s characteristics and her shopping behavior because they influence the main character’s attitude in fulfilling her needs. The needs of the main character is analyzed based on Maslow’s theory from the lowest to the highest stage of Maslow’s theory to identify the stage of needs related to shopping behavior of the main character.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise be to Allah SWT, the almighty and the lord af the universe, who has given the writer guidence and strength to achieve and make this thesis possible. May peace and blessings of Allah be upon our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW, and his families, relatives, and all of his followers. Ameen
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.
On this very special occasion, The writer would like to express the very best gratitude to her family especially to my beloved parents, Mr. Yasaruddin BE and Mrs. Endang Rusmiati, who always give the me their prayer, love, affection, support, and advices all the times. This thesis will not accomplish without their contribution in the writer’s life.
The writer also wishes to express her warm and sincere thanks to her thesis advisor Moh. Supardi, SS.,M.Hum, who has supported and given many useful suggestions and inputs throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge. May Allah SWT, always bless him and his family.
The writer would like to express my sincere gratitude to the following people for their remarkable contribution:
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2. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd, the vice of the dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
3. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M. Pd, the head of English Letters Departement. 4. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the secretary of the English Letters Departement. 5. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum and Maria Ulfa, MA., M.Hum as the thesis
examiners.
6. All lecturers in English Letters Departement who have been sincerely transferred their knowledge to the writer during her study.
7. The officials of main library of State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta and the staffs of the office and library of Adab and Humanities Faculty who have been kind of helping the writer to collect the data required.
8. My beloved brother and sister: Evi Ratnasari, Yanto Kusdiantono, Meilani Trianasari, Muhammad Rizky Adinugraha, who give their best motivation to the writer.
9. My beloved sweetheart, Muhammad Ikbal, S.Sos who always accompanies me in any condition and gives his love, affection, supports, and spirits. He contributes in many ways to make this thesis possible.
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Last but not least, the writer also hopes that this paper will be useful for some literary study in advance and give a lot of benefits to the students of English Letters Departement particularly who wants to have a further research. Therefore, it is really a pleasure for her to have any constructive suggestions and critics. May Allah SWT bless us. Ameen.
Ciputat, December 2011
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ... i
APPROVEMENT ... ii
LEGALIZATION ... iii
DECLARATION ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the study ... 1
B. Focus of the study ... 4
C. Research question... 4
D. Objective of the study ... 4
E. Significance of the study ... 5
F. Research methodology. ... 5
1. Method of Research ... 5
2. Data Analysis ... 6
3. Unit of analysis ... 6
4. Instruments of Research ... 6
G. TIME AND PLACE ... 7
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ... 7
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1. Psychological needs ... 11
2. Safety needs ... 12
3. Love and belongingness needs ... 13
4. Esteem needs ... 13
5. Self actualization needs ... 14
B. Consumer behavior ... 16
C. Character and characterization ... 17
1. Character ... 17
2. Characterization ... 19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 23
A. Data description... 23
B. Data analysis ... 37
1. Character analysis of Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character in the film Confession of A Shopaholic ... 37
2. The Hierarchy of Needs on Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character in the film Confession of A Shopaholic ... 43
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 74
A. Conclusion ... 74
B. Suggestion ... 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 77
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
The rapid development of technology today provides many options for many people to be able to choose their way to entertain themselves, such as reading books, listening music, or watching movies. Among those types of entertainments, many of them choose to watch films, because it offers a combination of sounds (audio) and pictures (visual) simultaneously. In its development, the film itself has made a lot of progress both in terms of sounds and visuals of the display.
Film is a work result of a number professionals from various field (such as writer of scenario, film maker, actress, lighting/electric expert, etc). Generally, every film workers are considered to have contribution in the film that they made.1Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating - or indoctrinating - citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.2
Films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that
1
Anggadewi Moesono, Psikoanalisis dan Sastra (Depok: Pusat Penelitian Kemasyarakatan dan Budaya Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Indonesia, 2003), p. 61.
2
motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Viewers perceive motion due to a psychological effect called beta movement.3
Film does not only become something that can entertains, but it can also inspire viewers if it is presented attractively. There are many things that can be summed up in a film, such as the problems of life, love, friendship, or the psychological motivation of the characters in the film, about what and why they do things and what makes them encourage to do so.
In film, the roles of character are very important. Without character, the story can be very difficult to be built. With character, audiences can understand the plot of the story better.
Based on the explanation above, the writer would like to analyze a film with the title Confessions of A Shopaholic (This is a 2009 American film adaptation of the Shopaholic series of novels written by Sophie Kinsella. The film is Directed by P. J. Hogan, with the star Isla Fisher as the shopaholic journalist and Hugh Dancy as her boss.)4 by Sophie Kinsella (Madeleine Wickham was born in London on December 12th 1969. She wrote The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic, Shopaholic & Baby, Chick Lit and Twenties Girl. Wickham
graduated from New College, Oxford. She has worked as an author.)5. The film tells about a young woman named Rebecca Bloomwood (Isla Fisher). She is
3
http://www.pooler-georgia-homepage.com/movie-focused-sites.html. Accessed on August 10th, 2011
4
http://www.worldofkj.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=49241. Accessed on August 10th, 2011
5
a shopping addict who has a problem due to his debts and she lives with her best friend Suze (Krysten Ritter). She works as a journalist for a gardening magazine but dreams to join the fashion magazine Alette, because she thinks that she can get high salary and continually fill her desire in shopping if she can work in Alette, then she tries to get a job there. In the way to realize her dream to work in Alette, she first works in the money magazine Successfull Savings. She becomes a
financial advisor though she doesn’t really love this job, and gradually she
becomes very famous with her financial article in that magazine with her author name “The girl in the green scarf”.
In her popularity, she slowly falls in love with her boss, Luke Brandon (Hugh Dancy). But she still has her personal problem about her debts due to her impulsive shopping habbits she spends more than $.900 for shopping, and it makes her to be pursued by her debt collector Dereck Smith (Robert Stanton). She keeps her secret about her debts and lies to her boss that her debt collector is her ex-boyfriend who stalks her over. Her carrier in Successful Savings gradually makes her popular and it makes her to be invited in one of a financial TV program, but unfortunately her debt collector Dereck Smith proves all secret about her debts in front of her boss and the viewers of the live TV program. She then loses her friend and the love from her boss.
all people that she loves. From the summary of the movie above, the writer is interested in analyzing about the hierarchy needs of the main character that is reflected from her consumer behaviour in her impulsive shopping habbits. According to the writer, the consumer behavior of the main character is the way to satisfy her desire in shopping to reveal her needs that she must fulfill and it can be analyzed by using the concept Hierarchy of Human Needs of Abraham H.
Maslow’s theory.
B. Focus of the Study
According to the background of studies above, this research will be concentrated only on how to understand the needs that must be fulfilled by Rebecca Bloomwood from the consumer behavior that she has in satisfying her shopping desire by using Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory of Abraham H.Maslow.
C. Research Question
Based on the focus of the study, there are two questions in this study, as follows: 1. What are the characteristics of Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character
in Confessions of A Shopaholic’s movie?
2. How does this characteristics influence consumer behavior on Rebecca Bloomwod?
3. In what stage does Rebecca Bloomwod’s consumer behavior fulfill the hierarchy of human needs by Abraham Maslow?
D. Objective of The study
1. To describe the characteristics of Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character in Confessions of A Shopaholic movie
2. To describe how the characteristics of Rebecca Bloomwood influence her consumer behavior.
3. To reveal in what stage does consumer behavior take place as the needs that reflects the hierarchy of needs that must be fulfilled by the main character.
E. Significance of the Study
The benefits of this research are to increase the knowledge and the comprehension about the hierarchy of needs that reflects from the main
character’s consumer behaviour. The writer also hopes that this research can also
be benefits for readers who want to understand more about hierarchy of needs from the point of view Abraham H. Maslow’s theory.
F. Research Methodology
This research methodology comprises by many aspects, such as, method of research, technique of data analysis, instruments of research, and unit of analysis.
1. Method of Research
Based on the research questions and the significance of the study above, the writer applies descriptive qualitative method6, by analyzing the relation among words or sentences that produce particular meaning.
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2. Data Analysis
The writer will explain the data qualitatively. The writer uses Hierarchy of Human Needs of Abraham Maslow’s approach based on critical study and sharp analysis to the qualitative data. First, the writer watches the movie carefully for several times. This is aimed to learn the contents of the movie intensively, so it can prevent misunderstanding in the analysis. Then, the writer underlines the scripts of the movie, captures particular scene from the film, and identifies Confessions of A Shopaholic’s film carefully. Finally, the writer analyzes the related data collected according to human needs theory and how consumer behaviour reveals those needs. 3. Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis that is used in this research is the film Confessions of A Shopaholic by Sophie Kinsella which was released in February 13, 2009
and distributed by Touchstone Pictures. 4. Instruments of Research
H. Place and Time
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. The Hierarchy of Human Needs by Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow is a humanistic psychologist. Humanistic psychology was instead focused on each individual's potential and stressed the importance of
growth and self-actualization. The fundamental belief of humanistic psychology is
that people are innately good and that mental and social problems result from
deviations from this natural tendency7. Humanistic Psychology is so named due to
its core belief in the basic goodness present in and respect for humanity. Its core is
founded upon existential psychology, or the realization and understanding of
one's existence and social responsibility8.
Abraham Maslow developed a theory of personality that has influenced a number of different fields, including education. This theory accurately describes many realities of personal experiences.
The cornerstone of Abraham Maslow’s understanding of motivation is the
proposition that human being posses urges or basic needs at organism level. These basic needs, however, are weak needs, quiet biological urges that are often confused and easy overlooked in day to day affairs.9 It means that the individual seek to satisfy successively the higher needs that occupy a set of hierarchy.
7
http://psychology.about.com/od/historyofpsychology/a/hist_humanistic.htm. Accessed on December 12th, 2011
8
http://www.abraham-maslow.com/m_motivation/Humanistic-Psychology.asp. Accessed on December 12th, 2011
9
John Marshall Reeve, Understanding Motivation and Emotion (New York: Harcourt Brace Collage Publisher, 2004), p. 311
Maslow had little interest in compiling a list of how many needs human beings possess. Rather, Maslow side-stepped the numbers issue and proposed that one master need, the tendency toward growth, governs and organizes all other needs. The growth/actualizing need organizes all others into a hierarchy featuring five clusters based needs. The arrangement of these needs, Maslow felt, was best represented visually by a hierarchy. The first need in Maslow’s hierarchy contains the set of physiological needs necessary for body homeostasis, quiescence, and survival. All the other needs in the hierarchy (safety and security, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization) are psychological in nature of human needs.10
Maslow argued that any comprehensive theory of Human motivation must take into account the individual as a whole. One cannot hope to understand the complexities of the human condition by reducing behavior to specific responses in specific situations. The wholeness of behavior can also serve several motive states at once.11 Thus for example, sexual behavior may serve physiological as well as psychological needs of belonging and esteem.
Maslow argued that one must seek to understand the ultimate goals of behavior rather than the superficial or apparent goals, because the apparent goal for any observed behavior may be quite different from the ultimate goal.12
Maslow argued that human motivation can best be studied by observing human rather than animal behavior. His observations led him to the conclusion
10
Ibid
11
Herbert L. Petri, Motivation: Theory and Research (California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2003), p.289
12
that human needs can be understood in terms of hierarchy of needs. Needs lower on the hierarchy are propotent (i.e., stronger) and must be satisfied before needs higher on the hierarchy will be triangle. Maslow did not, however, regard the hierarchy as totally rigid: one can partially satisfy lower needs, thus allowing higher needs to become partially active. Maslow regarded the satisfaction of needs on the hierarchy in a probabilistic manner. If a lower need is being satisfied most of the time (e.g., 85%), that need will have little influence on behavior.13 The
following diagram shows Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, represented as a pyramid
[image:20.595.115.513.226.668.2]below:
Figure 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs14
13
Ibid
14Brett King, Bank 2.0: How Customer Behavior and Technology Will Change the Future of
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often described as a pyramid consisting of five levels: the four lower levels are grouped together as being associated with physiological needs, while the top level is termed growth needs, associated with psychological needs. Deficiency needs must be met first, once these are met, seeking to satisfy growth needs drives personal growths.15
According to Maslow, once an individual has moved upward to the next level, needs in the lower level will no longer be prioritized. If a lower set of needs is no longer being met, the individual will temporarily reprioritize those needs by focusing attention on the unfulfilled needs, but will not permanently regress to the lower level.16Maslow’s basic needs are as follow:
1. Physiological Needs
The first level of the hierarchy consists of physiological needs. If needs such as hunger or thirst are not adequately being met, the needs above them on the hierarchy are pushed into the background in terms of controlling behavior. The individual is in an emergency situation and his or her whole being is dominated by need.17 Physiological needs consist of needs for oxygen, food, water, and a relatively constant body temperature. Maslow felt that physiological needs are adequately met for most people in our society. When these needs are met, the next need on the hierarchy emerges as a dominant force in controlling and directing behavior.18
15
Lawrence A. Tomei, Lexicon of Online and Distance Learning (United States of America: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009), p. 148
16
Lawrence A. Tomei (2009), op. cit. p. 148
17
Herbert L. Petri (2003), op.cit. p. 290
18
2. Safety Needs
When all physiological needs are satisfied and are no longer controlling thoughts and behaviors, the needs for security can become active.19 These needs represent a need for safety or security in our environment. Like the physiological needs, safety needs are primarily triggered in emergency situations. Higher needs
become unimportant when one’s life is endangered, and our behavior reflects our
attempts to remain secure. An example of his recently occurred when the remnants of a hurricane caused extensive flooding in my neighborhood. Some of my neighbors sustained thousands of dollars of damage to their homes; yet, at the time of the flood, their material loss was unimportant to them because escaping the flood was all that mattered.20
Safety needs dominate our behavior primarily in times of emergency. Maslow, however, felt that working of the safety needs can also be seen in
people’s preference for familiar surroundings, secure jobs, savings account, and
insurance. Safety needs are most evident in your children, as shown when an infant cries if it is dropped suddenly, is startled by a loud sound, or a stranger enters the room.21
Maslow believed that the safety needs of most adults in our society are adequately met. One reason for the clearer appearance of the threat or danger reaction in infants is that individuals do not inhibit this reaction at all, whereas
19
C. George Boree, Personality Theories. http://www.ship.edu/-cgboeree/maslow.html. Accessed on August 10th, 2011
20
Herbert L. Petri (2003), loc.cit
21
individuals in our society have been taught to inhibit it at all costs.22
3. Love or Belonging Needs
If both the physiological and the safety needs are fairly well gratified, there will emerge have love and affection and belongingness needs, and the whole cycle already described will repeat itself with this new center.23 Then, they become unimportant in the direction of behavior, and the love or belongingness needs emerge. These needs involve a hunger for affectionate relationship with
others, a need to feel part a group, or a feeling that one “belong”. The love needs
are not equivalent to sexual needs (which are physiological), though sexual
intimacy can serve to satisfy one’s need to belong.24
Maslow argued that individuals seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation. This involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense of belonging.
4. Esteem Needs
If the love need have been adequately met, they too slip into the background in relation to guiding behavior, and the esteem needs become dominant. These are need for a positive, high evaluation of oneself. This evaluation can be broken down into two subcategories – a need for self esteem and a need for esteem from other.25
The need for self-esteem motivates the individual to strive for achievement, strenght, confidence, independence, and freedom. The related need of esteem from others involves a desire for reputation, status, recognition, appre-
22
http://www.xenodochy.org/ex/lists/maslow.html. Accessed on August 10th, 2011
23
C. Goerge Boeree (2006), loc.cit
24
Herbert L. Petri (2003), loc.cit
25
ciation by others of one’s abilities, and a feeling of importance.26
5. Self-Actualization Needs
When one has satisfied the first four level of need, the final level of development, which Maslow termed self-actualization, can be reached. At the self-actualization level, the person’s behavior is motivated by different conditions than at the lower levels.27 It means, at this level, the individual differences are greatest.
The self-actualized individual has satisfied all the deprivation needs of the first four levels of the hierarchy. The behavior of the self-actualized person is, as a result, motivated by new set of needs, which Maslow termed the being needs (B-motivation, or metamotivation). These B-motives are values such as truth, honesty, beauty, and goodness, and they provide meaning to the life of the self-actualized individual.28 The clear emergence of these needs usually rest upon some prior satisfaction of the physiological, safety, love, and esteem needs.29
The picture Maslow gives us of the self-actualized person is a very positive one. The self-actualized individual is no longer motivated by deficiencies but is motivated to grow and become all that he or she is capable of becoming. Self-actualization constantly stimulates people to test their abilities and expand their horizons.30
26Ibid,
p. 291
27
Ibid
28
Ibid
29
C. George Boeree(2006), loc cit
30
5.1 Characteristics of Self-Actualized People
In addition to describing what is meant by self-actualization in histheory, Maslow also identified some of the key characteristics of self-actualized people: Acceptance and Realism: Self-actualized people have realistic perceptions of themselves, others and the world around them. Problem-centering: Self-actualized individuals are concerned with solving problems outside of themselves, including helping others and finding solutions to problems in the external world. These people are often motivated by a sense of personal responsibility and ethics. Spontaneity: Self-actualized people are spontaneous in their internal thoughts and outward behavior. While they can conform to rules and social expectations, they also tend to be open and unconventional. Autonomy and Solitude: Another characteristics of self-actualized people is the need for independence and privacy. While they enjoy the company of others, these individuals need time to focus on developing their own individual potential. Continued Freshness of Appreciation: Self-actualized people tend to view the world with a continual sense of appreciation, wonder and awe. Even simple experiences continue to be a source of inspiration and pleasure. Peak Experiences: Individuals who are self-actualized often have what Maslow termedpeak experiences, or moments of intense joy, wonder, awe and ecstasy. After these experiences, people feel inspired, strengthened, renewed or transformed.31
Based on the theory above, the significance of this research are to increase the knowledge and the comprehension about the hierarchy of needs ref-
31
Kendra Cherry, Characteristics of Self-Actualized People
lects from the main character’s consumer behaviour.
B. Consumer Behavior
Consumer Behavior is defined as the acts of individuals directly involved in obtaining and using economic goods and services, including the decision processes that precede and determine those acts.32 Consumer behavior may be defined as decision process and physical activity individuals engage in when evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing of goods and services.33 Consumer behavior are acts, process and social relationship exhibited by individuals, groups and organizations in the obtainment, use of, and consequent experience with products, services and other resources.34 Consumer behavior consists of the actions that consumers take in regard to making decisions about purchasing various goods and services. A study of this phenomenon will often focus on the psychological and other factors that motivate people to either buy a product or reject it in favor of some other option.35
In analyzing her thesis, it is important to know the psychological of the main character in the film Confessions of A Shopaholic about what and why she does the shopping. It reflects her consumer behavior and the theory about consumer behavior can help the writer to analyze her research.
32
James F.Engel, David T. Kollat and Roger D. Blackwell, Consumer Behavior (New York: Holt, Rinehart andWinston, 1968), p.5
33
David L. Louden and Albert J. Della Bitta, Consumer Behavior: Concept and Applications (The United States of America: By McGraw Hill Inc, 1984), p. 22
34
Ibid
35
C. Character and Characterization 1. Character
In a film, character is an important element that will develop the story because character is a person who carries out the events of film and then those events become a story. A character, then, is presumably an imagined person who inhabits a story-although that simple definition may admit to a few exceptions. A character is any person, persona, identity, or entity that exists in a work of art. Along with plot, setting, theme, and style, character is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction.36
Character development is essential to a good story. Character should enter the story as dimensional, non-stereotypical character, and become more dimensional as the story and other characters act upon them. To say that someone is a character suggests that he or she has a strange or eccentric personality. To say something about a person’s character involves a discussion of his or her personal values and behavior.37
For analyzing film characters utilizes three different types of pairing: stock character and stereotypes, static versus dynamic character, and flat versus round characters.
Stock character and stereotype. It is not essential or even desirable for every character in a film to have a unique or memorable personality. Stock characters are minor character whose actions are completely predictable or typical or their job or profession. They are in the film simply because the situation
36
X.J. Kennedy, An Introduction to Fiction, (Boston: Little, Bown, 1983), p.4
37
demands their presence. They serve as a natural part of the setting, much as stage properties like a lamp or a chair might function in a play.38 A stereotyped character represents a category of people. The word stereotype comes from printing and refers to a metal mold used to mass produce duplicates of printing type. Stereotypes, however, are characters of somewhat greater importance to the film. They fit into preconceived patterns of behavior common to or representative of a large number of people, at least a large number of fictional people.39
Static versus dynamic characters. It is often useful to determine whether the most important characters in a film are static or dynamic characters. Dynamic characters deeply affected by the action of the plot and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the story. The change they undergo is an important, permanent one, not just a whimsical shift in attitude that will change back again tomorrow. The character will somehow never be the same person he or she was when the action of the film began.40
The change can be of any type but is significant to the total makeup of the individual undergoing the change. Developing characters become sadder or wiser, or happier and more self-confident. They might gain some new awareness of life, become more nature or more responsible, or become more moral or less so. They may become simply more aware and knowing and less innocent or naïve.41
38
Joseph M.Boggs and Dennis W.Petrie, The Art of Watching Film, 5th ed (London:Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000), p.57
39
Jane Bachman Gordon and Karen Kuehner, Fiction, (California:McGraw Hill, 1999), p.97.
40
Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie (2000) loc.cit.p.58
41
Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives. Or they are insensitive to the meaning of the action and thus are not capable of growth or change. Statics characters, however, remain unchanged; their character is the same at the end of the story as at the beginning.42
Another important distinction is made between the characters and round characters. Flat characters are two-dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. They often tend to be representative character types rather than real flesh-and-blood human beings. Unique, individualistic characters who have some degree of complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be categorized are called round characters.43
Round character is a three-dimensional character complex enough to be able to surprise the reader without losing credibility. Round characters are not inherently superior to static characters. The terms merely imply how different characters function within the framework of a story. Round characters are characters who are complex and realistic; they represent a depth of personality which is imitative of life.44
2. Characterization
The characterization means how the writer tells the reader about the physical and non physical characteristics of the person told in the story. It might be done by giving description in words or by being shown in actions or through
42
Jane Bachman Gordon and Karen Kuehner (1999) op.cit.p.97
43
Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie (2000) loc.cit.p.60
44
the comments given by other character. Character creation is the art of characterization-what the author does to bring a character to life, to provide the
reader with a sense of that character’s personality, to make that character unique.45
Characterization can involve developing a variety of aspects of a character such as appearance, dialogue, external action, internal action, or reactions of other characters.
a) Characterization through appearance
Because most of film actors project certain qualities of character the minute they appear on the screen, characterization in film has a great deal to do with casting a major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously.46 The minute we see most actor on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move. Our first visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story progresses, but it is certainly an important means of establishing character.47
b) Characterization through dialogue
Characters in a fictional film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say. But a great deal is also revealed by how they say it. Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause patterns of their speech. Actor use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects (if any) reveals
a great deal about their characters’ social and economic level, educational
45
Jane Bachman Gordon and Karen Kuehner (1999) op.cit.p.98
46
Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie (2000) op.cit.p.50
47
background and mental processes.48 Therefore, we must develop a keen ear, attuned to the faintest and most subtle nuances of meaning revealed through the human voice, listening carefully not only to what is said but also to how it is said. c) Characterization through external action
Although appearance is an important measure of a character’s personality, appearances are often misleading. Perhaps the best reflections of character are a
person’s actions. Some actions are more important in revealing character than
others.49 Even the most ordinary choice can be revealing, for some kind of choice is involved in almost everything we do. Sometimes the most effective characterization is achieved not by the large actions in the film but by the small, seemingly insignificant ones. For example, a fireman may demonstrate his courage by saving a child from a burning building, yet such an act may be only a performance of duty rather than a reflection of a choice.
d) Characterization through internal action
Internal action is character’s minds and emotions which consist of secrets,
unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies. People hopes, dreams, and aspirations can be as important to an understanding of their character as any real achievement, and their fears and insecurities can be more terrible to them than any real catastrophic failure.
e) Characterization through reaction of other characters
The way characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of characterization. Sometimes a great deal of information about a character
48
Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie (2000) op.cit.p.52
49
is already provided through such means before the character first appears on the screen.50
50
23 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
In this chapter the writer discusses about the data description and analysis about Rebecca Bloomwood in the film of Confession of A Shopaholic. The data presented in this chapter are based on the scripts of the film combined with the
particular film’s scenes related to the research. The data are analyzed by the
theory of Abraham Maslow about the hierarchy of human needs as the main theory to analyze this research. The general data description will be presented in the data description while the analysis will be discussed in the data analysis as mentioned below:
A. Data Description
In this part, the writer describes the character’s characteristics of Rebecca Bloomwood and her shopping behavior, then the writer describes the needs that she tries to fullfill from the lower to the highest stage (phsycological needs, safety needs, esteem needs, love and belongingness needs, and self actualization needs)
based on Abraham Maslow’s theory about hierarchy of human needs. Last, the
Data description of character’s characteristics and shopping behavior of the
main character in the movie “Confessions of A Shopaholic”
No. Characte-ristic
Corpus Time Scene
1. Shopping addict
“...But when I looked into shop windows, I saw another world. A dreamy world full of perfect things. A world where grown-up girls got what they wanted. They were beautiful. Like fairies or princesses. They didn't even need any money, they had magic cards. I
wanted one.”
“...A store can awaken a
lust for things you never even knew you needed. And when your fingers grasp those shiny, new
bags...Oh, yes! Oh, yes!”
Rebecca:”Because when I shop, the world gets better. The world is better. And then it's not anymore. And I need to
do it again.”
00:00:55
00:02:08
01:16:39
2. Impulsive “Oh, no... I spent $900.” 00:02:50
3. Immature Rebecca:”Give me the boots and no one gets
hurt”
4. Shallow Rebecca:”...Here! All I have to do first is buy a
new dress.”
Suze:”Bex,no! Absolute ly not. You've 10,000 dresses already.”
00:53:49
5. Vivacious Luke:”Rebecca
Bloomwood was the
most vivacious...”
01:19:07
6. Has an amazing sense of style
“Rebecca Bloomwood.
Occupation: Journalist. Jacket: Visa. Dress:
AMEX. Belt:
MasterCard. It's vintage. And I got one percent cash back. Bag: Gucci!
And worth every penny.”
00:01:31
7. Liar Derek Smeath:”Hello! Hi! Ms. Bloomwood?” Suze:”Hello. I'm sorry. It's actually not..She's still recovering from...You know... OK. I'll have her call you as soon as...”
Derek Smeath:”Yes?” Suze:”As soon as she's come back from... From...”
Rebecca:”Finland!” Suze:”Finland!”
Tarkie:”Why do so many of your excuses involve Finland?”
Rebecca:”Cause no one checks up on Finland, Tarkie.
Rebecca:”...I lied to the man I love...”
00:13:51
Data description of the main character’s hierarchy of human needs in the
movie “Confessions of A Shopaholic”
Num Hierarchy of Needs
Corpus Time Scene
1. Phsycologi cal needs a. Hunger
and thirst
b. Sex
Luke:” ”Drank a lot of majitos, I drank a lot of majitos. It wasn’t always
work and no play”
Rebecca:”Gracias” Luke:”Gracias” Rebecca:”Cheers!” Luke:”Mmm.”
Luke:”Right, uh, ladies and gentlemen,tonight we will be serving...the, uh, brook trout and wild smoked salmon.”
Rebecca:”Thanks.” The
bartender:”Pleasure”
Rebecca:”I thought she
was your girlfriend.”
Luke:”No. She's not my girlfriend. She's not you.
Luke:” It's a desperately important scarf.”
00.49.28
01.02.14
00.41.38
01.03.42
2. Safety needs
a. Security Derek Smeath:”Hello!
Hi! Ms. Bloomwood?”
Suze:”Hello. I'm sorry.
It's actually not.”
Tarkie:”Why do so many of your excuses
involve Finland?”
Rebecca:”'Cause no one checks up on Finland,
Tarkie.”
Rebecca:”Derek Smeath. Oh! No!”
Luke:”Exactly how long has this ex-boyfriend
been stalking you?”
Rebbeca:”Ever since the relationship ended. He's been following me around
pretending to be a debt
collector.”
Hayley:”I was once stalked...by a dog.
Luke:”OK. Look, take the rest of the day and block all future calls
from Derek Smeath.”
Hayley:”Yes, sir.”
Rebecca:”You are getting your own ringtone. Do not answer this call, it's Derek
Luke:”I've had enough of this clown. I'll see
him.”
Rebecca:”Whoa! Luke! No! I never want you to
meet him, ever.”
Hayley:”Don't worry. I've already called
security.”
Rebecca:”See? She
called security.”
01.07.01
3. Love and belonging ness needs a. Friends
b. Family
Suze:”OK, Bex, the most important thing is not to
panic.”
Suze:“How are you going to pay off sixteen thousand twelve hundred and 62 dollars and 70
cents with no job?”
Rebecca:“I could win
the lottery”
Suze:” Maybe you should have a backup plan. Oh! Backup plan, I got it, I got it, Back up
plan.”
Suze:”I just found a
perfect book for you”
Mom:”Doesn’t this just
cheer you up?”
Rebecca:”It’s not
working, Mom.”
Mom:”Come on, you’ll
get another job”
00.13.24
00.15.50
00.23.44
c. Lover
Dad:”Spend it wisely,
huh?”
Dad:”Nothing defines me, except you and your
mother”
Luke:”No. She's not my girlfriend. She's not
you.”
Rebecca: The bidder on the phone was you. But you lost!
Luke:”Both bidders
were me”
Luke:”It’s a desperately
important scarf”
Rebecca:”And instead of a relationship with my credit card, I have a relationship with someone who loves me back. And never declines
me.” 00.36.36 01.22.30 01.03.30 01.38.39 01.38.40 01.39.52
4. Esteem Needs a. Self Esteem Rebecca’s mine:”Rebecca Bloomwood.Occupation: Journalist. Jacket: Visa.
Dress: AMEX. Belt: MasterCard. It's vintage. And I got one percent cash back. Bag: Gucci! And worth every penny.
Rebecca’s mine:”Cause
you know that thing, when you see someone cute and he smiles, and your heart kind of goes like warm butter sliding down hot toast? Well, that's what it's like when I see a store. Only it's better.”
Rebecca’s mine:” You
see, a man will never love you or treat you as well as a store. If a man doesn't fit, you can't exchange him seven days later for a gorgeous cashmere sweater. And a store always smells good. A store can awaken a lust for things you never even knew you needed. And when your fingers grasp those shiny, new bags...Oh, yes! Oh, yes!”
Rebecca:”Give me the boots and no one gets
hurt”
Rebecca:” Because when I shop, the world gets better. The world is better. And then it's not anymore. And I need to do it again.”
00.02.08
00.02.43
00.53.44
b. Confi-dence
The manequin:”The point about this scarf is that it would become part of a definition of your...Of your psyche. Do you see what I mean? Rebecca:”No, I do. Keep talking.
The manequin:”It would make your eyes look bigger.
Rebecca:”Mmm...It would make my haircut look more expensive. The manequin:”You'd wear it with everything. Rebecca:”It would be an investment.
The manequin;”You would walk into that
interview confident.”
Rebecca:”Confident.” The manequin:”And
poised.”
Rebecca:”Poised.” The manequin:”The girl
in the green scarf.”
Shop assistant:”That'll be $120. How would you
like to pay?”
Rebecca:”Here's $50 in cash, can you put 30 on this card...Ten on that.Twenty on that.It's
so cute.”
Shop
assistant:”Declined.” Rebecca:”Do you do
cash back?”
Hotdog’s seller:”What?”
Rebecca:”If I give you a check for $23, will you give me one of your hot
00.05.50
00.06.07
c. Esteem from others
dogs and $20 cash back,
please?”
Hotdog’s seller:”Do I
look like a bank?”
Rebecca:”I have an interview. They don't hold items. It's a desperately important
scarf.”
Receptionist:”Nice
scarf.”
Rebecca:”Thanks. I bought it for the
interview.”
Suze:”Bex, this is so funny. You're so smart. You're the best writer
ever!”
Rebecca:”Do you like
it?”
Suze:”You're fabulous!”
Rebecca:”What?
Luke:”This is good. Rebecca:”Really?
Luke:”Mmm. Is it by Rebecca Bloomwood? Rebecca:”Yes! My friend Suze saw me writing it. Luke:”I mean, is that how you want your name to appear? "By Rebecca Bloomwood"?
Rebecca:”Oh, right.”
Luke:” The Girl in the Green Scarf. Thank
you.”
00.08.30
00.16.28
00.33.27
Woman:”We never get
this kind of response.”
Edgar West:” I've just spent a few minutes rather wrapped up in your "Green Scarf." I like it. Uh, she obviously has a passion for
personal finance.”
Succesfull savings’ employer:”Oh, my God.
Guys! We’re international!”
Mr.Lewis: ”She's like a
breath of fresh air.”
Jane
Virtayen:”Mr.Brandon” Luke:”Yes.”
Jane Virtayen:”We Scandinavians...like her.
A lot.”
Luke:”They want her on the Morning Coffee show. I think Rebecca would be great on television. She's... She's
hard to ignore.”
Alette Naylor:”You may not know this, but your appearance on that TV show has struck a nerve with many, many girls.
They identify with you. Your column will be Affordable Fashion. Five hundred words once a month. Welcome to
Alette.”
5. Self actualiza-tion needs a. Self
actuali-zation
Rebecca: “Did I mention I have an interview at Alette
magazine?”
Suze:”Only about
billion times. Ok...it’s kind of a leap, isn’t it?
Gardening to fashion? I mean, not that I meant,
you couldn’t do it...”
Rebecca:” Suze... since I was I wanted to work at Alette magazine. If I can just get this job I
will be happy forever.”
Suze:”Wow.”
Receptionist:“As we speak, interviews are being held at Successful
Saving.”
Rebecca:”The money
magazine?”
Receptionist:”Snort not, sweet child.” Alette may be your Emerald City,but Successful Saving could be your yellow
-brick road. Dantay-West is a family of magazines that acts like a family. Deeply nepotistic. Ugh. So my advice to you,dear Dorothy, is thus...Once you're in... you're in.”
00.04.02
b. Problem solving
Rebecca:”I'm in.” Suze:”You took a job at a savings magazine?
You?”
Rebecca:”I know it sounds bad, but it is, in fact, part of a very
structured plan.”
Rebecca:”I know I've made some mistakes,but I'm turning my life around. I've got it planned. I'm gonna go to the ball. Impress Alette Naylor. Here! All I have to do first is buy
a new dress.”
Suze:” Bex, no! Absolutely not. You've 10,000 dresses
already.”
Rebecca:” It's perfect. All I have to do now is buy a new bag.”
Rebecca:” I just... I have made so many mistakes,and I feel like taking this job would be
another one.”
Alette Naylor:”Before you make your decision, you should know this, When I leave this house, the opportunity
leave with me.”
Rebecca:”Well, then
you should both go.”
00.22.56
00.31.24
00.54.53
Rebecca:”I'm Rebecca Bloomwood and I'm a
shopaholic.”
Self-help shopping group:”Hi, Rebecca.” Rebecca:”I destroyed my career on national Television. I lied to the man I love. I hurt my best friend. I invented a stalker, and I don't even speak Finnish. But I have a plan, and I need your help. Who's with
me?”
Self-help shopping group:” (All raise their hands to Rebecca)
Dad:”One, two, three, four.
Rebecca:”That's
another thousand.”
Dad:”Wow. $16,586,72 cents.
You are a winner,
babe!”
Rebecca:”Oh, my
God.”
Rebecca:”It is amazing what you have time to do when you're not shopping. For example, I actually learned Finnish. And nstead of a relationship with my credit card, I have a relationship with someone who loves me back. And never
declines me.”
01.28.05
01.33.01
B. Data Analysis
1. Character analysis of Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character in the film Confession of A Shopaholic.
Rebecca Bloomwood is a shopping addict (shopping addict/compulsive buying disorder (CBD) is characterized by an obsession with shopping and buying behavior that causes adverse consequences.)51 She can’t resist her habbit in shopping. Rebecca’s habbit begins when she was young watched many women around her could buy many dresses, shoes, and accessories with the credit cards. She thought that a credit card is a magic card to buy anything she wants. This childhood experience create nostalgia52 (Nostalgia is based on memories of the past and produces a variety of emotions, generally centered around feeling of warmth. The feelings that accompany create approach behaviors that may lead to shopping value, but the feelings themselves also create value directly in the form of hedonic shopping value) then motivates her to have credit cards and she becomes a shopaholic when she is later an addult woman eventhough she lives with her frugal parents. We can see this from the scene and her statement below:
Picture 1
51
http://www.enotes.com/topic/Compulsive_buying_disorder. Accessed on August 10th, 2011
52
Adam Lindgreen, Joëlle Vanhamme, Michael B. Beverland, Memorable Customer Experiences:
“When I was a little girl, there were real prices and mom prices. Real
prices got you shiny, sparkly things that lasted three weeks, and mom prices got you brown things...that lasted forever. But when I looked into shop windows, I saw another world. A dreamy world full of perfect things. A world where grown-up girls got what they wanted. They were beautiful. Like fairies or princesses. They didn't even need any money, they had
magic cards. I wanted one.”(00:00:55)
Rebecca loves to shop and loves new clothes. Her wardrobe is massive. Her room fills with racks and accessories all over the place. She has difficulty to walk past a store window without going in and buying something. She chooses shopping because for her, shopping is like a main activity that must be done to cheer her up. She considers a shop as a place that can make her happier. She gets satisfaction by shopping and she continually does her habbit. She describes her feeling when she gets shopping excessively in her statement below:
Picture 2
“Cause you know that thing, when you see someone cute and he smiles,
and your heart kind of goes like warm butter sliding down hot toast? Well, that's what it's like when I see a store. Only it's better. You see, a man will never love you or treat you as well as a store. If a man doesn't fit, you can't exchange him seven days later for a gorgeous cashmere sweater. And a store always smells good. A store can awaken a lust for things you never even knew you needed. And when your fingers grasp those shiny, new
bags...Oh, yes! Oh, yes!” (00:02:08)
Picture 3
Rebecca:”Because when I shop, the world gets better. The world is better.
And then it's not anymore. And I need to do it again.”( 01:16:39)
Rebecca is very impulsive that she does her habbit in shopping without thinking about the consequences. She becomes a woman who only thinks of shopping. Rebecca goes deeply into debt, but she can't help herself, she always shops. Her habbits in shopping finally brings her to a very large amount of debts through her credit cards, since she has more than one credit card and she can’t pay all of her debts due to her lack of financial means. As the result, she gets many notification letters from her debt collector.
Picture 4
“Oh, no... I spent $900.” (00:02:50)
Picture 5
Rebecca:”Give me the boots and no one gets hurt”(00:53:49)
From the the quotation and scene above, we can see that Rebecca tries to get the boots and she doesn’t feel ashame to fight with another woman to get it. She acts like a children and it can be concluded that she is immature in her age.
She is also a shallow woman. she never thinks before she wants to do things especially when it comes to shopping. It can be seen from the scene and dialogue below where Rebecca wants to buy a new dress although she already has many dresses in her wardrobe. She doesn’t think about her huge number of debts. All she wants to do is buying a new dress.
Picture 6
Rebecca:”...Here! All I have to do first is buy a new dress.” Suze:”Bex,no! Absolute
ly not. You've 10,000 dresses already.”(00:53:49)
words from Luke Brandon. He says that Rebecca is the most vivacious, funny, and inspiring woman he has ever met.
Picture 7
Luke:”Rebecca Bloomwood was the most vivacious, funny, inspiring
woman I have ever met”(01:19:15)
Rebecca knows many branded products from shoes, clothes, bags, to cosmetics, etc. She has an amazing sense of style and she used to wear all the items to show herself up. She thinks that buying those items can be an investement eventhough in fact she doesn’t really need all of the items.
Picture 8
“Rebecca Bloomwood. Occupation: Journalist. Jacket: Visa. Dress:
AMEX. Belt: MasterCard. It's vintage. And I got one percent cash back.
Bag: Gucci! And worth every penny.”(00:01:31)
We can see from the dialogue below that with the help of her bestfriend Suze, Rebecca lies to her debt collector by saying that she is in Finland at that
Picture 9
Derek Smeath:”Hello! Hi! Ms. Bloomwood?”
Suze:”Hello. I'm sorry. It's actually not..She's still recovering from...You know... OK. I'll have her call you as soon as...”
Derek Smeath:”Yes?”
Suze:”As soon as she's come back from... From...” Rebecca:”Finland!”
Suze:”Finland!”
Tarkie:”Why do so many of your excuses involve Finland?”
Rebecca:”Cause no one checks up on Finland, Tarkie.”(00:13:51)
time. She does this thing to avoid her debt collector, because she isn’t ready to tell
the truth that she doesn’t have enough money to pay all her debts.
She also lies to her boss and the man he loves, Luke Brandon. She admits to him that she works in Successfull Savings only to get another opportunity to work in a fashion magazine Alette. It can be seen from the dialogues and scenes below:
Picture 10
Luke:”Just, for once in your life, tell me the truth.”
And then it's not anymore. And I need to do it again.”
Luke:”Well, what about honesty? What about credibility?”
Rebecca:”Well, I wanted to tell you, but I only took the job to get to Alette.”
Luke:”Well, I wish you all the best with that.” Rebecca:”Luke, I'm so sorry.”
Luke:”No, no. I understand. The whole thing was a lie.”( 01:16:39)
Picture 11 Rebecca:”...I lied to the man I love...”(01:28:12)
From the character analysis of Rebecca above, the writer then sums up her characteristics as a shopping addict, impulsive, shallow, immature, has an amazing sense of style, vivacious, and liar.
2. The Hierarchy of Needs on Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character in the film Confession of A Shopaholic.
As it is explained previously in Chapter II, Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory is divided into five level of needs. From the lowest physicological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, self-Esteem needs, and the highest self-Actualization needs.
a. Physicological needs of the main character
Rebecca Bloomwood can fulfill the three of physicological needs, such as, hunger, thirst and sex. Rebecca Bloomwood lives with her best friend named Suze. They share apartement together which the apartement belongs to
becomes very famous with her financial article that she is invited to several prestigious financial events. This condition makes Rebecca doesn’t have any dificulty to fulfill her needs in hunger and thirst as we can see in some of the statements, dialogues, and scenes. The first scene that show Rebecca can fulfill her need in hunger can be seen in the below picture and dialogue:
Picture 12
Rebecca:”Thanks.”
The bartender:”Pleasure”(00:41:38)
From the scene and the short dialogue above between Rebecca and the bartender, we can see that Rebecca can drink anything she likes and she can ask the bartender to get the beverage to be drank whenever she wants. On the scene
above, the beverage she drinks isn’t mineral water, it has a colour and it is served
Picture 13
Luke:”Drank a lot of majitos? I drank a lot of majitos It wasn't always
work and no play.”
Rebecca:” Gracias.” Luke:”Gracias.” Rebecca:” Cheers!’ Luke:”Mmm.” (00:49:28)
tent kick of the rum, and have made this clear highball a popular summer drink.)53 As we can see the place that they both enjoy the beverage is crowd and full of people. Again, majitos isn’t mineral water both flavor and taste. It also served with the garnish to the edge of the glass. As we can see from both the scenes and dialogues above that Rebecca can fulfill her needs in thirst, she even tastes luxurious beverages.
Another psychological needs that can be fulfilled by the main character is hunger. Rebecca dooesn’t have difficulties to fulfill her hunger needs. This can bee seen from the scene and quotation below:
Picture 14
53
Luke:”Right, uh, ladies and gentlemen,tonight we will be serving...the, uh, brook trout and wild smoked salmon.”(01:02:14)
We can see from the scene above, Rebecca drinks something in the middle of dinner time around several people. We also can see the statement from
Luke Brandon that he’s serving some of the menus in the diner time. Although
Rebecca doesn’t say something about the situation, but the statement from Luke
implies that they are having dinner together. Rebecca also wears a formal dress that implies she dinners in a luxurious and special occasion. It can also implies
that Rebecca doesn’t have any difficulties in fulfilling her hunger needs.
The next need is sex. Rebecca also gets her need of sex without having many difficulties, as we can see from the scenes and dialogues below. From both of the scenes and dialogues between Rebecca and Luke, Rebecca gets her sexual need by kissing with luke. The first scene and dialogue below show that Rebecca
ask about Luke’s girlfriend and Luke’s answer implies that he likes Rebecca, then
they naturally kiss to show their interest to each other.
Picture 15
Rebecca:”I thought she was your girlfriend.”
Luke:”No. She's notmy girlfriend. She's not you.”(01:03:42)
Picture 16
Luke:” It's a desperately important scarf.” (01:38:53)
that it is a desperately important scarf and then they kiss each other.From several scenes and dialogues that the writer explaines above, it can be concluded that Rebecca Bloomwood can fulfill her physicological need such as: hunger, thirst, and sex.
b. Safety needs of the main character
Rebecca Bloomwood appears to have the needs of safety and security in her personal and financial condition. Living as a shopaholic with a huge numbers of debt makes Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character searching for her personal and financial security. Since she retires from her job in the gardening magazine due to the bankcrupt of her office, Rebecca starts to feel insecure with her financial condition.
From the scene and dialogue below between Rebecca and her best friend
Suze, it can be seen that Rebecca doesn’t actually like her job in the gardening
Picture 17
Suze:”Well, on the bright side, you hated working for that magazine.” Rebecca:”It was my income, Suze. I need my income!”(00:13:20)
Besides her insecure feeling about her financial condition, Rebecca also feels the same way with her personal security. But both of her financial and personal security relate each other where she feels unsave from her debt collector; Derek Smeath. Since she has much de
