ｾ Department of Agricultural Engineering
;.ｾ ｾ ｆ｡ｃｉｊｾｙ of AjjriculturalｔＮ｣ｾｮｯｬｯｧｹ Unlvtr.lltas GlldjahMads
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be
ＢＬＬＬＮｫＮｾＬ August
2
0 13
The International Symposium on
Agricultural and 8iosystem Engineering
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
"Improving The Role of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering
Toward Food & Energy Self-sufficiency and Sustainable Agriculture"
Supported by: Sponsored by:
M!
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ｉ｜ＧﾷｾｾｾＢＧＺＧＮｊＧ
ISB:\.
978-602-14315-0-4
Editor:
Lilik SuuaTso
\luniningnun
Rc"ic\\crs:
Prof Dr, Sakae ShihusaIVa(Tokyo Uni versit y ofAgricul [lire andTeehnology, Jap"n)
Prof. Dr. Sumio Kawano (Kagoshima CnivcrsilY. Japan)
Prof: Dongil Chang. Ph.D. (Chungnam ｾ｡ｬｩｯｮ｡ｬ Uni\"ersity. Korea)
Associate Professor Taka:.hi Okayasu. Ph.D. (KYliShu Uni\er;;iIY)
Prt,)f. Vinod Jindal. Ph.D. (Visilling Profcs:l>or..\1ahidol Uni\crsit)'.Thllil::md)
Prof. lk Sahid SusanTo(L:niH:rsimsGadjah Marla, lndonc:.ia) Prof. Dr. Budi Rahardju (Unhersitas G:ldjah ;,,'Iada, Indonesia)
ｐｲｯ｣ｻＧ･､ｩｮｧｾ
The Inlcnl:llional Symposiulll Oil Agricullural and lJiosystcm [ngilll'('ring 2013
ThclIle : Improving The Role of Agricultural and l3iosystclll Engineering Toward Food and
Em:rgy Self-sul"ticiency and Su:.:tainable Agriculture:
Published ｢ｾＧ :
Jurusan Tcknik PenanianFukulJasTcknologi Penanian Unin:rsitas G<ldjah i\lada
JI. Flom :'\0.1 Bulaksumur. Yogyakana. IndonC'sia 55281
Telephant' fa:-- :-62-274-5635-12
£-moil: U!pJfp@.ugm.oc,id
Copyright law protected
])on'l to qUOle, reproduce and translate :':0111e or all of these boob without the permission of
the Pllbli:.:hcr
The Illternational Symposium on AClltullural orHI B,osystem ｅｉ｜ｾｩｬ｜ｾｾＧｬｮｧ (ISABE) 2013
ｾ
LIST OF CO'<TE'<T
Foreword .
Li!lt ofCOntCnt .
MAIN PAI'EH.
. II
Inlonn:uiz:ltion Agricuhure in Japan Author: Tnkashi Okayasu
SUB-TII[.\I[: POSTH...\IH/[ST.--\1\'1) FOOO [i'"GIi\EEnL'\'G
\'1-1
ｄｾＧｳｩｧｮ ofThcnnal Conductidty Apparatus Base on Tran::.iC'nt-statc Radial Cylindcr A-I Method
Authors: Bal11bang Dwi Argo, \v,'ahYlInallto A. Nugroho. VOl'S B. Pristya and Ubaidillah
Effect Extraction \'1cthod of Composilion Fatt)' Acid Dieng Carica Seed" Oil ｉ｜Ｍｾ (Carica candamarcensisHOK)as Edible Oil
Authors: Dcwi Larasati, Haslil1r1 andBUl1lbclllg KUl1arto
Adsorption Equilibrium Sntdies of Hio-Based Butanol from Fennelllation Broth by A-3 Immobilized of PotatO Starch Sorbenl
Authors: Dina Wahyu, Tsair-Wang Chung
Q\1ality ｒｾＧｶｪ･ｷ oCThr("c Types ofｍｾ｜ｬＱｧｯ･ｳｴ｣｣ｮ Using Ultmsonic Wavc" /\--1
Authors: EllllllY Dannawmi, Amir Hnlllzah
Intluence of Air Flow Rate on DI)'ing Characterislics ofClo\c .-\-5 Authors: Jun:lcdi Muhidong, lnge Scorpi Tulliza (lnd Ishak
ｐｾｲｦｯｲｬＱＱ｡ｮｲＮＺ･ Tesl of EC]LlipmciIl And Ｎ｜ｾ ｃ｜ｾＧ hines Of BClI1[IIW !,vliIIer for A-n
Mcchanization Technology DC\'clopmC'nt Of Hanana ｬＧｲｯ｣ｾｳｳｩｮｧ In South Kalimaman Provine..:
Til<.> Imernatlonalｓｹｲｮｰｯｾｩｵｭ on Agritultur;; andｂｬｯｾｹｳｴ･ｭ Engineennll(rSAB::) 2013
Continuous Dehumi di tita tiOIl of Organic Sorbent Powder ill Two Connc\:ted A-7 Fluidizcd Beds with A Cooling and A Heating Pipe
J\uthors :Sukmawaty,Syahrul
Method of Waxing on Quulily and Shelf-life ofSemi-Clltting :Vlangosteen in Low A-S
TempcffilUre Stomgc
Authors: Usman ,\hmad. bnmy. Dannuwati. and :\Iur Ruhma Rcfilia
AcithtiedSodiulll ChloriteTreatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded A-9 Papaya
Authors: Vinod K. Jindal. PompailinSimatand NipOli Chmnchan
Fighting for Malnutrition in Indonesiaby Production of Anificial Rice Based on ..-\-10
ArrowRoot and Cassava with Addition of Cowpea
Authors Danial Fatchllrmhman, \Venny Bekti Sunarharum, Anugerah Dany
I'riyal1lo,Fathy Fasial Bal1£tnllll
Produci Featun:sandCOSlAnalysis
or
fl.10CAS (ModIfiedCassa\'aSt.areh) Based A-II Bakel)'PrOOllC!:;Authors: Darmawan Ari Nugroho. Ibnu WahidFA
Fuel Feeding Rate ControllingBase on tlKTemperatureDistributioll Simulation 011 /\-12 Rosella Pod (Hibiscll.\' sabd(lI"!Ur/ finn) DI)'illg Prol'css
AUlhors: Dyuh Wulandani. Leopold Oscnr ;-iclwan. IMad..: Dewa Sllbrata
Idelllification ofｄｾｴ･ｮｮｩｮ｡ｬｬ｜ Factors in Processing and Technology: A Case Study A-13
ofFruit ProcessingIndustries (Fl'ls) in Indonesia
Author: Ida Bagus Suryaningrat
ProfileｯｦｔｨｾＧ Pe<ll1lll Moistun: ContelH During Deep Bcd Drying
Authors: Ans<lr, Sirajllddin,Widhiantari
'"
Theｬｮｬ･ｭ｡ｬＧＨｬｮｾ SymposIum onAgri'll!llJr011o1ndSoosyslem Eniｮ･ｾｲｩｮｧ (lSA6Ejl013
-Effect LindakCacao Fntir Macurity(Theobroma Cacao F.)wnh High Level of A-15 Polyphcnolsas Amioxidanls
Au\hors :Jumriah Lrll1gkong and ivlulyrni Iv!. Thahir
Studyof Active Packaging System byUsing Ethylene Adsorber10Prolong the A-16 StOt1Igo: LiteofAvocndo Fntits(P('rseaolllericlIJw Miff)
Author: Lilik Pujantoro. Andi :-.l'urfaid.1.h and Yadi Haryadi
The Dc\､ｯｰｭｾｴＱｉ of Technology Bundle in Packaging of Export Quality of A-17
\ ｬ｡ｬｬｧｯｾｴ･･ｮｳＧ T ranspomn ion
Authors: Ni Luh Yulial1ti and Gcdc Arda
Synthesis ofChitos<ln·Ag+<IS Anlibackrifll l'vbterial 1\-18
Authors: Shinta Rosalia Dcwi.Sri Juari Santosa and Dwi Sis\\anw
Developmcnt of Collee ｬｩ｣｡ｮｾ Calfeine Extraction using PressurenndTempcr:.Hurc A- [9 Controllable ReactOr
Author: Sukrisno WidyotOlllO
Optimiz:llion ofThc High Refined C..--lIulosc Process Production frol11lhc Sago A-20 Fiber\V,lsleby j\ Ddigniticmion ｐｲｯ｣ｾＧｳｳ Involving Nitric Acid. Sodium hydroxid-:
and Hydrogen peroxideasThe Dcligniljcming Agent
Author: Suprmno
Sl!H-T1IE:\IE: L\'ERGY ANO AGRICUI.TURAL ＧｉＺ｜ｃｉｾｅｒｙ
Technical Allalysis and Performance Test of A Small Scale Hanana Milling
t>.lachine
,\uthors : ;\dc M Krnll1:1clibrala,Totok j-krwnntoand 130yRic:lI'c!o
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Boosys:em :nginecrmg (.SABE) 2013
Oesign of t-.lcnsurcmen! System \\'aler Comen! in Pressurized Chamber withollt B-2 Disturbing the Process
Authors: Anang L.'1striytanto. Sudjito S . Roedy Sand SUlllardi
DC50ign of Farm Road Construction at the Tel1iary Plot of Paddy Field B-3 Authors: Aso:p S:lp<..'i. Erizal. Tatang SUlllarna
Acrodynamics Properties of Castor Bcan and It's Application for Blower Syslem at 13-4 Ricinus CaSlOr Bean Ilulling Machin\:
Authors: Cahyawan C:tlllr Edi \'brg:llla, Rahmat Sahani. and Baklruddin
The EtTectofSugarcanc Liller Compost toSoil Physical r-,..lechanical Properties and 13-5 Ramon Sugarcane Perfonnancc
Authors: Iqbal. TinekC' Mandang.E. :"'amaken Semhiring, ｾｉＮａＮ Chozin
Tillage CharUl:t\.'rblics of Rotavators in F3ml:l.nd Conditioll of Korea H-u
Authors: Dae-Cheol Kim, Ju-Seok"\lam. t\lyoung-Ho Kim and Dae-Chun Kim
Feasibility Alwlysis of Palm Oil \1il1 Efl1ucnt lJtilizalion as A Source of Electrical 8-7 Energy
Authors: Supriha\in, E. Gumbira-Sa'id, O. SlIpnlllo. D,O. Suryanto and SMonu
Potentia I Product iOIl of i\griculturnl 13 yprodl.1cls :lnd The Economic Feasibi lily of B-8 Rice Straw as /\ Fecdstock for Bioelhanol in Korea
Authors: Yconghw3n Bac, Kidong Park, Keul11 Joo Park
Snldy on Oil Palm Fresh Fwit BUllch Bruise in I bnc:::.ling and Transpol1mion as A 8-9 Function (0Quali(y
Authors: Andreas \\'ah)'\l Krisdiano and Lilik SUliarso
Application of KUBOTA DC-uOfor PaddyWei Field Han'esling B-IO
l
ｲｨｾ ｉｮＺｾｲｮ｡ｴｩｯｮ［ＩＬＧ Symposium un AiricuｴｵｲｾＱ and Biosys(em Eng,neenog (I$A:I:!1013
Engineering Charactcristics and POIenlial Energy ofDil Palm Fntit Bunches B-II
Harvesting
Authors: Wawnn HCnll.:lWan. Dcsrial. Muhanumtd Iqbal Nazamuddin
Design of Iron Whc<.:1 of A Light Tractor for Crop l\laintenancc in L;nconsolid::ucd B-12
Paddy Field
Authors: !':'adilC P.A,S, l. W. ASllka. D, \1, SlIbnlta and A. Azis
Design ::mdPerformance Test oft\ktnl Kiln Venturi Drum Typefor Coconut Shell H-I}
Carbonization
Authors: S. Endah Agustina nnd Nllrul Hasanah
Design of Sugarcane(Sacc:/wl"l/m Officiiml"lllllL)CUlling :'vlachine for Seedling H-l-l
Pr..:paration with Bud-chip \Iethod
Authors: Siswoyo Soekamo, Luqman Budi Seti.:lwanandAskin
The Clay (omCn! Effect on the Formation of Shallow t\lolc Drainage: An 13-15
Experimental Study
Authors: Siti Suhary,:ltlill. 13nl1lbang Pllrwalltalla. Abdul Ro.mq and Nluhjidin
\1awardi
The Usageof Shaft to Shaft Transmission for ROli\l"YSaw Crusher for Paddy Stl"Uw 8-16 Authors: Tri Tlingglll, Tamaria Panggabcan and Hildal\gustina
Functional Intcr.lction between Pressure- and SoilSinkage for TCITl'strial Robotic 13-17 ｜Ｇｾｨｩ｣ｬ･ｳ
Author: Lenny S:lulia
Design A Mechanical Device for ｾｴｮｫｩｮｧ Briquettes 8-18
Authors: Wiludjeng Tris.:lsiwi. AgllS t-.largiwiY3mo. Petru" Hary Tjahja SOl'dlbyo
A Method of Workload Application fur Tractorｔｲ｡ｬ｜ｳｭｩｾｳｩｯｮ 8-19
Authors: Su (hul Kim,Yoo Joo Kim. SCling lae Park
•
The IntErnallOnal Sympos,urn on Agricultural ond B,osYltemｅｮｾｩｮ･･ｲｩｲ･ !ISAB:) 2013
SCB-TIIL\IE: LA:'\'U A:\'D W.-\TEn IlESOCnCES J:::'\'Gl:\'EERI.'IG
Waler Conservation Concern inSuwk:lrta, ｬｮ､ｯｮＮＮＺｾｪ｡ C-l
Author: Agus Suyamo
Influcnceof Increasing Rain dueto Climateｃｬｩ｡ｬｬｾ｣ｯｮ Forest Slope Stability in Aso C-.::' City. Kumamoto Pr..:lecturc.J:IP:lIl
Authors: Aril Aditian andT..:tsuya Kubota
Evaluation on Land Usc towardthe Environment SUpp0l1 ill POllorogoRegency C-3
Authors: I3nl11bang Rnhadi,TUllggul Sutnn Haji,Euis Elili Nurlelilland i\lovin
Lusiana
The Potential andConstraint!>of Agricultural EnginecringApplication inTidal C-4
Lowlands SUPPOl1 Sustainable Food Crops Farming lA Cas\,.' Study of Form..:r
ｔｲＺｬｬｬｾｭｩｧｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ Areaof Banyuasin Regency, South Sum:ltra Province. Indonesia) Authors: Husin, Robiyanto H. Susanto. Henyamin Lakitan.Ardiyan Saptawan and Yl. Yazid
The EffcL·\ ofElcvaliol1 Oil PlllllliJ1gC<lknclerill \\'i;st Timor ｕｾｩｬ｜ｧ Agriculluml C-5
ｒ｡ｩｬｬＡｾＱＱＱ Inde.\ (ARI) tvlclhods
Authors: Jonathan E.Koehuall andJuliScty:mto
Ana! ysis of Soi I Erosion011 The Catchment Ar.:a of Musi Hydro-POWc'r Plan!, C-f)
Bellgkulu Province
Authors: Khairul Amri. A. Halim,:'\!gudiamoro :'Ind1\1. FaiLBare-hia
Distribution and Char<l<.:teri:'lic of Landslide'i in Vokanie- \ lountains of West Java. C-7
ｉｬｬ､ｯｮ｣ｾｩ｡
Authors: Ngadisih. Ryuichi Yatabc. t'elr.L P. I3handary and Ranjan K. Dahal
rheIntc,nat,onal SVmp<Hium on Ag,iluJturJI Jnd Biosy,lemｾｮｧｩｮ･ＨＧＬｩｮｬｬ (ISABE)2013
S...dimcnt Relmed Disasters Induced by Imcnsc Precipitation During I lurricane ｃｾｓ
Events in :\IllC\'O Leon, ｍｾＧｸｩ｣ｯＮ
Auchors; Luura Sanchez-Cascilla, Tetsuya Kubota. Israel Cnnw-Silva and Hasna\\ ir
Prediction of Water Balance10Detennine Growing Period ofｓｬｬｧ｡ｲｾＧ｡ｬＱ･ C-9
(Saccharum OfficiI/arumL.)In Kalasan. Sit-man
ａｵｴｨｯｾ : K:unelia Dwi Jayanti,ｉｾｵｲｵ Sudira and Bambang I-Iendro Sunarmimo
EtTeclofSilica Extr:tClcd from Sugar Cane Bagasse and Compo:.t to Soil's Physical C-10
Properties Under Rninfall Simulator
Authors: ,\1usthofn Lmfi, Hafidz YuswandhilOUand Wahyun::uuo Agung:\l
Detenn;n;ng The Rclat;onships 8clwecn Soil Elecmeal CondnCli,ily nnd Some Soil C-II
Properties Measured by The Real-Time Soil Sensor (RTSS)
Author:. : Ni Nyoman Slllastri, Sakae Shibusflwa find f....I;l:.akazll Kodnira
lmpkmenlingAMinimum Em ironmcntal Flow nnd Its Effectson Wafer Managemelltnt Sckmnpung IrrigatiollArea
Authors: Endro Pr3scryo Wnhono. D. Legonoand!stinrtolind 13.
C-11
C(Jl1stmim and Accclcnning Factors of Hydrology aile! \Yakr Resources in C-13
Monsoon ｒｾｧｩｯｬＱ for The Devclopment ofIrrigated Paddy Lal\d:A C:lse Snldy ,·n
!.lnli Island
Author: S::lhidSUSal1lO
Dcvdopmellt of !:lio-System Management for Land and\V<Iter Conservat ion of ("-14
Watershed
AUlhor: Snhid Susanro
Th.. JII:erll"tiollaf Symp:llil,lm 011 Agri(l,lflllraJ JOe' Biosysr",m rlleioeermg (JSMlE)ｾｏｬ｝
Prospec!i\'cs of Water Table Management on Reclaimed Tidal Lowl3nds with C-15
SubsurJilcc Drainage Systems (Case Srudy of Banyll Urip of Banyl.lasin, South
Sumatera Province. Indonesia)
Authors' Erry Koriyami. Robiyall1o H. Susanto. Dedi Setiablldidaya.
ｾｧｬｬ､ｩ｡ｬｬｬｯｲｯ
and F.X. SuryadiLoad Force of Water in Tuocsall Irrigation Waler-Scooped Wheel
Authors: .\Johanllnad Agita Tjandra and Apri Roma Habeahan
Organic Y1ulching for Soil Water Conservation
Author: :'\1uhjidin Mawardi
I'erfonnnncc of Rotary Sprinkler on The 01)' Land
Author: Silli ;-"f ur Fl1ridah. Daniel Useng. ,\lahmud Aehmad. Aryuni
Soil Const'rvation ｓｴｲｾｬｬｬＧｧｹ for Potentially Landslide Areas in Gilltllllg
Sllh-Watershed. Celllral Java Province. Indonesia
/\uthors: Nur Airnlll Pulungfln. Chandnf SCly:man, So:kar Jatiningl)'as, Jllnun Sanohadi
SUB-THEME OJ: CNVIR01\'i\1ENTAL Ei\CI1\'EEnl.\'C;
Water Quality (0005 and COD) Mapping of West Tanull Calla I as \\Imer R\,.'sourees JorJrrigalion
Awhors : MouJi Dc Rizka Dewantoro and Yan El J{izal U.D.
C-16
C-17
C-IS
C-19
D-I
n
CllllfilCICrislic of Friction and Shading Rate for AJ-Screl'n Curtain 0-2
Authors: Wonsi" Choi, Sunmi Choi. Kyungran Kim. Changju Lee. Jacyoung !3yun. undSungyoung Park, and Daeyoung Park
Tne InternJI onal Sympo,:um On Agritu.\UfJI ,,00 B,osystemｾｮｧｩｮ･･ｦｬｬｬＸ (ISABE) 2013
Utilization of Cassava Ped as Feed by Fcrmenwtiotl (Z,'1"O \Vast(' Application in D-3 Mocnr IndllStly)
Authors: Andrew Setinwan. Gcnsi Ginting. Sukatiningsih. Achmad Subagio
Ulilization of Tofu Liquid WasH: as Growing \lC'dia lor Hair Wom1(TI/bifex sp.)10 D--t Reduce Environmental Pollution
AllIhors : Arief Muammnr, Aditya \'Iahendra, Astin R. Safitri
Cultivation ofChlol"ello5/). ill Tofu Processing W:lstcwater Using Raceway 0-5 Recirculated PondIlioreactor
Authors: WahyunantoA. t\'ugroho. r..'lustofa Lutti
Effect ofTransicni Organic LOJd f1ucnlation using Cassava ｜ｖ｡ｾｴ･ Water on D-6 Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor
Authors: Yllsroll Sugi<"lrlo. Pratin Kulbv:lllijayn
Reduction of (vlctal t-.lercury Concentration by The Plant's \·131a Lele(A::olla
pinllOIaR. H,..) lor Irrigation Waler
Amhors: Rllsnam. ,\smi\\arti and ;"laid:lr Pratomo
SUB-TIIEMEIh: 13I0PIIYSICSEi\GI!\I::ERI1\G
D-7
Inoculation of Uromyel:ldium Teppcrinnum Causes Gall Rust Disease in Various 0-8 ProvenmlCI,.'::' Sengon(Fafca/(l,.ia mofllcc{/I/(I(f\liq.)
Authurs: j\ricf t-.tu3mmar, Gila i\lcidiana. Filria R. RatmacJllnti. Sili H.f'.:urrohm:1h and Diah Rachmaw.:ui
Spectral Imaging Technology for Quality r.:valtmtion of Agricultural ｲ｜Ｇｬ｡ｬ･ｲｩ｡ｬｾ D-9 AlIlhor: Byoung-Kwan Cho
TheＱＢＨ｣ｲｮｾｴｩｯＢｊｉ SYln ..ｾｳｩｵｭ onAericullUfJI,mcBiOWIlemＨｮｆＬｬｉＱ｣｣ｲｩｮｾ lISABE)20 1J
.
Phenotypic Characters Analysis of Cross Melon(Cucumis metaL.) Tacapn
Cuhi\'ar
Authors: Gallies Riza Arislya ,Andi"a Tripranl\ldya Ollggo. Budi Sctiadi D;ll)'otlO
Yield Function .'Vlodel of Vegetable Crops
Author!'.: Ralunan Ari[ Rahmad Hari I>umomo and HildaAgustina
Jelent!fic,ltioll of:"Jilrogcll Sw tliS in BmssicajUII("(:'{/L. Usi 11gCoIor MomCllt,
G LCMand 13ackpropagarion Ncural Network
Authors: [ Putu Gede I3udisanjaya.I. K.G. Dilflna Pulra andI ｾｹｯｬｬｬ｡ｮ Satya Kumara
D-IO
D-II
0-1]
Rcal Time [)cto:ctionof Pin Hole on Worm-eaten Chestnut with 2CCD Camera 0-13
Authors: Soo Hyun Park,$00 Hee Lee. Seong t\lin Kim and Sang Ha Koh
Growth and Liglll Utilization EfficictKy of LCtltu:e as Affected by Frcquency and 0-1-1
DutyRatio of LED Illumination
Authors: JacSu Lco..: and Yong Hycoll Kim
i\ \Iodel-Based Approach for Extracting Viscoelastic Propenies from Ultrasound D-15 McasuretllCnls
Authors: Sri \Vnluyo.YaGlIO. (j;lJ)gYao"me!Jinglu T(Ul
Energy and｛ｭｩＡＧＮｳｩｯｮｾ on LClnuru(Sardinellasp.) Fishing in Bali Stmit 0-16
AUlhors; Miftahul Choiron, \Vahyu Supanono.Ag. Suryandono
Scale·upofProduction Systcm Prior to COlllmcn.:ial ｍｯｾｳ lSphagfl/l1ll sfJ-) Rooftop 0-17
Greeningｾｬ｡ｴＨＧｲｩｈｊ
Authors: Mirwan Cshada, WHdan Fnjar I3achtinr. Ario \\'ic<!ksol1o.llaruhiko
MUr:lse
The RoJ.: ofSct'd Producer in Mainwining Corn Production Susl<linabilily
Alllhors: \\'inda Amilia. Didik Pumadi. Hcnry Yuliando
Xt
Theｉｮｬ･ｲｮＳｴｯｯｮｾＱ Symposium en Agritvl(UrJI and B,owstem Engineeril\& (ISAB£) 2013
5 ri
Non DCSInH:live Measurcment of C:Hcchin ComelH ill Gambir(Unctlritl gambir 0-19
Roxb) Using NIR Spectroscopy
AUlhors: Andasuryani, Y.A. Purwanto. I.\\'.Budiaslra, K. Syamsll and Lady C.E.Lengkey
NonDestructivc Prediction or Ripc-St.:lge Qualityof .\1:lt1go FrtlitCV 'UL'dvng ｄＭｾＨｊ
Gmeu'stored in Low Temperature byL\'IRSpeclroscoPY
Authors: Yohanes ATis Purwanto, Putri Wulandari Zainal, SUlrisno,L'SIll:lll
Ahmad. Yoshio Makino, Sciichi 0:.hit3, Yoshinori Kawagoc and Shinichi Kuroki
SUIl-TI-IL\IE : SYST£i\1 AI\D J\IAN.-\GE:'\IENT
Production Oplimization ofCmde Palm Oil al PTPK VII Unll Usaha l3etung by E-l Csing Goal Programming Mcthod
Authors: Ra11l11"d Hari PUl'1l01110, En doArgo Kll11COroand ｜ｾ［ｬＱｩｳ Scpli:1I1
Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in Selection ofl-krbal Product ｛Ｍｾ
Author:.: luh PUlll \\"rasimi. DC\\'a Ayui\nom Yuarini_ Ida Ayu i\lahalllla Tuning",{ and 1Made Anom Sutrisna Wijaya
Subak Devcloplllcml'rograms to lmpkment Agro-[colOurism E-3 Authors: SumiY.:lti_ Wayan Windia. [ Wayan Tikuand Ni ;':yoillan Sulnstri
A Sll1dy on Delenninant Factor1\fTcr.:1ing ｐｃＧｲｦｯｮｮ｡ｮ｣ｾ of Palm Oil Productivity in E-t Pc1alnwan Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: \Vidya Alwarrilziand PUlll [langga
Oesignof Wireless Measurcrncnl of Soil Gases nnd Soil Environmcnl Based on ｅｾＵ
Programmable Systcm-oll-Chip lPSOC)
Authors: AriefSudar1ll3ji. Akio Kiwg:lwa and Junichi t\killl
Tile Internil:lOrlillｓｹｭｰｏｓｉｾｭ onａｧｮ｣ｵｬｴＧｾｲｊｉ i1ndBrnystem Engmeennl:1s/.SEj 2013
"
Development of UV and Violet Illumination SystC'm with High Power LED for [-6 Fluon.:sccncC' lm.:lging
Authors: Ho)'oung Lee, Moon S. Kim. Soo HYUll Park and Sung Ha :.Ioh
Development or Real Time Change Point Analysis lorFidd En\"ironmcrHal Informal ion inAgriculture
Authors: Andri Prim.:! Nugroho. Takashi Okrlyasu. tvluneshi MilsuOka. Eiji Inoue.
Yasumaru Hirai and Lilik SUliurso
Simphfi,-d Aigmilhm "" D,ily Time SlOp Sin",I,"ion ofSl3nd,lono PV SjSlcm E-S
Using Po:ak Sun HOllr Data
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NOll Destructive Measurement
of
Catechin Content in GUlllbir
(Um'ariagal1lbir Roxb.)
Using NI R Spectroscopy
AndasuQ'anil V.A. Purwanto2I W. Budiastra 2 K. Syamsu,l and lady C.F.:.Ch,Lcngkeyl IphD srudenlal Department of Agricultural Engineering. Faculty of Agricultural Technolog)
and Engineering. Bogor Agricultural Uni\crsiry, Bogar. Indonesia. Email: ancb ....ul) ani!a grn;lll.cofl1_
"Dcpal1ll1ent of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering. Faculty of Agricultural T\.'chnotogy and Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University. 13ogor. Indonesia.
;Departmenl of Agro industrial Technology. Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Engineering, Bogar Agricultural University. Bogor. Indonesia.
Abstract
Gambir is one of Indonesian export commodities. Catechin content is main determinant of gambir quality, In tnlditional market. determining of the gambir catechin content is condllctcdqllalitutively based onexperience ofthe assessor which led to subjeclivemeasuremenl. Chemical method 10 detennine catechin ｣ｯｭｾＱｬｉ of gamblr quantil3tively, Thismethodis notefficiem since il requires cxpensivechemical reagenb.takes 3
long lime. and destnlclive. ,t=ar infrared ( IR) ｾｰ･｣Ｈｲｯｳ｣ｯｰｹ is one of Ihe non dcstmctiw Icchniques which can infonn gumbir quality. The objective of this study was to demonsmlle of i\IR speclroscopy 10 measure of catechin content in gambir. PaniaJ Leasl Square (PLS) method by combination pre-treatment between normalization between 0 and I (nOl). and firs! derivative Savitzky-Golay 9 pOInts (dgt) WilS llsed tu develop calibration model. Value of
consistency and V-Set PRESS was used 10 detell11ine the optimu111 !lumber of ilLS ｴｨ｣ｴｯｲｾＮ
The result showed Ihal calibrmion model with 6 PLS factors was the bcsi prediCli\c models for catechin content since it provided a high accuracy as well as precise models. \1odel for catechin conlent showed thc bias value - 0.10%. SEC == 3.560 0 , SEP = 3.27 00.correlalion coefficient (r) = 0.95, CY = 4.86 %. and RPD = 3.60. The rcsull demonslrated that NIR spectroscopy might be applied to meClsure catechin content in gambir accur;'lIcly_
ｋＨｾ｜ｗｏｬＧ､ｳＺ gmllbil'. carechin, .rv'IR spcclrw;copy, 11011 deslrllcliw:, lHi;'aS/tr(!I!Il'III, PiS
Introduction
Gambir is an extr.lcted product from the leaves andyoungtwigsof gmnbir((;ncari.,
gambierRoxb.) pl:ml. Gambir is one of Ihe Indonesian export commodities. It contributes to
around 80% of the gClmbir trading in tile world (Glimbira-Sa'id, 2009),50111e studies rdated the presence of catechin in gambir revealed that it is USllCllly tile most abundant bioacllve compound (Taniguchi et al.. 2007a: Apca-Bah et al.. ZOOt): Anggraini et al.. 2011). It is potential as araw malerial in various indllstrie:o.. particularly phannaccuticaJ anucusmetic inUuslries. Catechin content in gambir is used as one of the quality parameters of garnbir in accordance with lhe Indonesia gamblr Imding standard. St 101-3391-2000. Tradilionally. delennining of the gambir catcchin cOlllent is conducled qualitatively based on experience of Ihe assessor which Jed 10 subjective measurement. rvleanwhile. there is chemical melhod to delenlline catechin content of gambir quantitatively. However, this method is not efficient since it requires expensive chemical re,lgCnlS and takes a long time. In addition. this method
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Eng,neenng (ISABE) 2013
is destructive, Therefore, an efficient and non-destl11ctive method is needed 10 detennine
gambir catechin content,
In recent years, Near Infra Red (NJR) spectroscopy isone of non-destructive techniques for measLlrillg qualityparamelers of different commodities. NIH. spectroscopy is particularly sensitive to the presence of molecules containing the C-I-LO-H, and \J-H groups (Abu-KhalaC 20(2). N1R spectroscopy has deClsive advantages comparcd to traditional methods, whereby it analyse sample rapidly (a few seconds per sample) and no necd sample preparation (Guggenbitchler et a!., 2006; Pissard et aI., 2012; Saleh, 2012). In additIon. it is a chemical-free (limited to the reagents required for reference analyscs1 and no waste is produced (Yan et al.. 2009; Pissard et al.. 2012) and can be carried Ollt on-hnt (Saleh. 2012) and can be applied quickly, accurately and nOll destructive which has grown rapidly and can replacethe old chemical analysis (Chen el 01" 2009). NIR spectroscopy has been applJed to delennine bioactive compound such as carotenoids, glucosinolates, phenolics, fatty aCIds (McGoverin et al., 2010),The objecll\'e of this study was to demonstrate ofNIR spectroscopy to measure of catechin COlllent in gambir.
Materials and methods
SamplcPreparutioll
The 162 raw gambir llsed in this study were randomly divided into two groups of samples: the first group was used to develop the calibration models (108 samples) and the other for predicting quality and model vaildation purposes (54 samples). The samples wereobrainedfromSigunturvillage, Koto IlTarusan subdistrict. Pesisir Selatan District. West Sumatera, Indonesia,
Methods
ChemicalAIIlllysis
Delermining catechin content of gambJr was conductedby reklTing to Indonesia National standard namely was SNI 0j-3391-2000. Instrument of SpcclrophotometerU-20 10, Hitachi was used to measure gambircatechincontent.
Spectra acquisition
This study used inslrumclll Buchi NIRFlex N-500 Fiber optics solids wlmh had [·esolution of4cm-I and 8 scans, tocollect samplc spectra, The instrument was operated using software NIR Ware 1.2 (Bi.ichi Labortechlllk AG, Flawil. Switzerland). Spectnt data was collected from 10000 to4000cm-1
(\000 to 2500 nm) WIth interval of4 cm-I• Measurements
of each sample were conducted three times at different positions in a room temperature 01'25
fie.
Spectrum which was produced by each samples, was averaged prior to build a calibration model.Chemomctrics
Chem01l1etricsanalysis in this study used NIRC1IS.2(Bl\chi LabortechnikAG, Fbwil. SWitzerland) byusmg Partial LeastSquare(PLS) algorithm. ThiS study did nOI only use Ihe originalspectra(original), but also combination of normalization between 0 and j
(nOI)witbfirst derivative Savitzky-Golay 9 points (dgl). Selection the number ofoptimumPLS factors \vas done based on value 0[consistency(80-IIO°/'1) andas smallest as
SEC(%) ｾ
The Intern"tional Sympo'lum on Ajllcultur.al ilnd BloSySlem Engineering IISAB{jl013
possiblt: value of PredicledResidunISumSquareError(PRESS) of ｉｨ･ｶ｡ｬｩ､｡ｬｩｯｮｾ｣ｴＨｖＭｳ･ｬﾭ
PRESS). The number ofPLSfnctorswas )10 15.
Data analysis
Stulislicalpammeli:rsusedloc\ alu31elhe resultc-d model \\ ere bla". )wndard errorofcalibmlionset (SEC). standard errorofvalidalionsel (SEP). coefficient corrdation (r).ccoefficienlofvnriation(CY) and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD).
Bias (%)
=
A
L
(XII - Yn)_1_,\(, _ Y )'
ｎ｟ｬｾＧｮ n
SEP (%)
ｾ
Nｾ
1L
(xo - Yo - Bias)'r
=
ｾｾｌ］ＨｘｾＧ
Ｂ］ＭｾｘＰｩＧｩＩｾＨｹ｣ｩＢｾＭ］］ｙ
ｯｾＩｾ
.)L(X"
'oj'Ley"
Yo)'SEP
CV(%) ｾ -_-
x
100x
SD RPD==
SEP
PRESS
=
L
(x" - Yo)'SEC Consistency
COlo)
=
SEpx100
WhereNisthe number of samples: Xn is value of reference catechin: Yn i:-Ihe \altlc of\IRprediclion clIlechin.
Resulls and discussion
Data of Gambir Catechin allCl Spectra
[image:17.608.78.505.117.415.2]Table I shows the statistics summa!)' for all samples calechin COtHenl in the calibration sci and \'alidation seL Standnrd de\intion bd\\een the calibration sel and \alidutlon )et showed insignificant differences. Therefore. lhe \'ariance of data in the SCi calibration and validation sel are equal.
Table 1, SIal istieal
or
value of gilmbir catechincOlltcnt (')/1) \v/w)Srunplｾ SCI Number of sample i'vlinimul1l Maxilnllll1 Av-:r:lge ｓｴｾｮ､Ｚｵ､
dc\ Intion
Calibration Set 108 40.71 84.79 65.65 11.88
Vahdalion Sel 54 41.54 83.91 67.21 11.76
The original rencctance spectra of some gmnbir samples revenl some \'illleys III the region of 1000-2500 nm (Figure 1). The:-e \alle):- exist hecuuse molecule SlrtlClurcs of catechin contain has many hydnc groups. However, as NIl{ spectra ill thl.: region ｯｦＲＲｮＬｾｾ
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- 2500 nm showed high noise, it wa,> climinated for al1aly'>ls. Therefore spectra in the region 1000 . 2222.22 11m were used to develop the model.
"'
ｾ 0 "E
ｾ 0"
0.2'- 1-000 1«.0 I 2OCO
\\ 3\\'ll'ogth (om)
Figure I.The original reflectance spectra of some gambir samples
The influence of differentpre-processing methodsand number offat'lorsto ｡ｃｬＧｬｬｲ｡ｴＢｾ of PLS J\lodcl
PLS IS an effective dimension reduclion method in near-infrared spectroSCOP)
analysis. The spectrum infonnmion of sample componems are showed the lalent variable:>. Funhennore. the selection of number of PLS factors was \ery essential 10 ｲ･､ｌｬｮｾ nOIse and use of speclral information fu lly (Chen et a1.. 201 3), Figure2sho\\"s influence of the Ilumber uf PLS filctorS to consistency and V-sel PRCSS valuc, If spet'tril pre-processing treiltment was not applied, a minimum of validation en·or was observed in the 15 PLS factors,It provided consistency value 98.69 % and V-set PRESS value 948.51. Optimal number 01" factor obtained while using nOI in combination with dgl pre-trealmem method was 6. This number of factor provided consistency 108.960/0 value and V-sel PRI:.SS value 566.126.11 was found
that if spectra pre-processing method W;'lS applil:'d. Ihe number of PLS-faetor. cuuld be
reduced.It could be explained that spectra pre·processing lnl:'thod of tho: ､･ｲｩ｜ｭｩ｜ｾ could overcome the overlapping spectra and throw other components excepl calechin which left
factot"s thal inform about catechin only,
. . . .ｾ A to ｾ , ' - ' ｾ
ＭＮｾｯ ｾ
-
...,-;, t> <> ...
--.-
..
I".,,
,
, • " ' I ''- I' , \ ,.ＬｾＮＧ ,,'ｾｉＧ "',....
",.. 6
ｾｬＱﾷｊｾＱ
".
-
..
,..---.-.
,
..
•
---,
...
,
•
•
\...
",.
,"
,.
',,,,
,
..
i:. .'",.
,
--.-.
...
....
....
..
..
ｾ__ ...
ｾＬ...,
t
b
'.5<1""['"'
ｾ ｾ.,
.. '" II 1ｾ ,,1.\
...
,
ｏｴｾｾ ..1
,,"
....
-.--
.
...---....
ＭＭＭＮＭｾＮ"
,.'
[image:18.608.154.458.108.263.2]Ｎｾ
,..,
Figure 2. The influence anhe number ofPLSfactorslOconsislency and V-Sel-PRESS
Perfom1ance of paramelers of the model using different pre-processing melhods to predict catechin con lent of gambir arc given in Table2. Spectra pre-processing method ofnO 1 in combination with dgl increased C01Tc!ation coefficient between calechin references and predicted from 0.94 10 0.95 whilst SEP value decreased from 4.14 % to 3.27 % and numher
[image:18.608.89.505.514.608.2]The InternaClonal SympoSium on Agncult",ral and 6i05ystem Engineering (lSABEJ2013
[image:19.610.82.499.116.177.2]of PLS factors decreased f!"Om 15 to 6, It could be concluded thai sp('ctm pre-pl'ocessing methodand number of faclOr had effects on the rrediclion pafonnance of model PLS.
Table 2. The result ofcalibrmionandvalidation ofgambircmcchin content Prc-
PLS
Consistency Calibration Setprocessing Factor (°0 )
SEC
,
(%1
Original 15 98.70 4,09 0.94
nOI. dgl 6 10H.96 3.56 0.95
ValidationSci
SEP
,
C\' BiasRPD
(°0) (" 0) (Uoj
-l,14 094 6,16 -0,K6 :2.K"
.1.27 0.96 -U..6 0.10 3.60
Prediction of Catcchin ContE'nt in Cambir
Figure 3shows calibration model forpredicting catechin contenL II \\as y - 0.91 .\ Ｎｾ 5,90.The model provided low v<llue of SEC (3,56%)and SfP (3,27 %). In addition, the SI:::P
valuc was not greater than two times ofSEC prevented over fining (HrtlschJ.;a. 1990). The
values of SEC and SEP which were generated by the model indicated that lhe modd has high precision. Bias values closed to zero indicated thaI the model has high accuracy (Williams and Norris, 1990). II means thai th.: model will be maintained for the prediction of catechin content in gambir. Furthennorc. the modelalsoshoweda goodcOlT.:Jationbd\\..:cn therd"er.:nce calechin content withNIRpredktion catechin, as indicated by thehiglnalue ofthccorrelationcoeflicicnl(r>O.90) (Williams andNorris, 1990),
The model obtained CVvallle<5%. which indicatedthauhe reslilted modeh\3S appropriate to predict catechin content of gambir in the newdata
set.
RPO was measurement abilit)' of NIR modeltopredicta componenl lefficiently (Williams and Noms. 1990). Bast'd onobtained RPDvallies (3.6).then theresulted modeh\3S e.\cdlenltoprcdict the gamblr catechin conten1.RPO value above 3.0 b \c-ry good for predicting {iv!oua7en eta!.. .:!005).\t could be concluded thaI ll1o{id witharpliciltion of pre-processing mcthod of 1101 in combination with dgl showed higher aecm<lcyandrrecisionthan the originall1lodel. It indicated that pre-processing methodwas importanl prior 10 modelingas itwould improve theaccuracy and precision of calibration model (Schulz ctaL 1999: UdelhovenclaJ., 2002: and Ouyangetal., 2012).
The loterniltlOoillｓｹｭｰｯｓｉｾｭ on Air cullurillilnd Blosystem Engml:'l:'rrng (·SABEI2013
90
"
Y'" 091" ... 5.900
f"'O'lS
'"
80 SF:P - .'-+",-.
•Z
ｾ
ｾ 70
"
u"
u 60ｾ
ｾu
50
ｾ
..
::
ｾ
40
40 50 60 70 80 90
Measured cat.:chin byｲ･ｦ･ｲｾｮ｣･ method(00)
[image:20.611.193.425.81.279.2]8C'liibr,ltionS..:l OVlllidiHion set
Figure 3. Scaner plot of measured versus predicted catechin content U''1ng nOI In combination with dgl and 6 PLSfactors
Conclusion
The prediction modelwas developed using thePLSalgorithm to explain rellilionship between :'-IIR spectra data and catechin cOIuent.The model hada lowSECandSEP. a hIgh rand aslighlly difference between SEC and SEP values. These ｲ･ｾｬｬｬｴ were achieved when nOI 11l
combination with dglpre-processing method and 6 PLS 1'actors was applied.Tllls smd} dcmonstrated capability of l\'IR spectroscopy as a methou which could replace trnuitional ns well as chemical method to detennine emechin content of gambir. It is also showed that there is possibility10develop non-deSlnlClive method 10 measure gambir catechin content.
Acknowledgment
The authors express their appreciation for the linaneial suppOrt by Strategic Research Granl of DGHE Ministry of EduC:lIion and Cullure. The Republic of Indonesia No. SO IT3.41.2 Ll SPKJ2013 (01 \1ei 1013).
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