In Vitro Fertilization
INDICATION-PROCEDURE-MONITORING
dr.I B. Putra Adnyana, SpOG(K)
(
Obgyn Dept.-Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology Subdivision)
Medical Faculty Udayana Univ.- Sanglah Hospital
ROYAL IVF Clinic- Bali Royal Hospital
Introductio
n
• DEFINISI
“A disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve
a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected
sexual intercourse.”…
(WHO-ICMART glossary).
Indication Procedure Management And Monitoring Risk and complicationINFERTILITAS
Introduction
• EPIDEMIOLOGI: DI DUNIA 3-7%
• Based on the Demographic Health Survey (1994–2000), WHO has estimated that
186 million women
in developing countries experience childlessness
despite 5 years of attempting for pregnancy or a live birth.
Indication Procedure Monitoring Risk and complication
INFERTILITAS
WHO,2013,Meeting to Develop a Global Consensus on Preconception Care to Reduce Maternal and Childhood Mortality and Morbidity. WHO, 2012, National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of 277 Health Surveys
• ETIOLOGI
Introductio
n
Indication Procedure Monitoring Risk and complicationFritz M. A., Speroff L., Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 2010
• 3 - 7 % dari seluruh pasangan yang mengalami gangguan
fertilitas yang tidak bisa diatasi
• IVF adalah suatu kemajuan besar dalam mengatasi
infertilitas
Introductio
n
Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and complicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Introduction
Fertilisasi invitro adalah proses pembiakan embrio di
laboratorium yang diperoleh dari hasil pembuahan sel telur
oleh sperma diluar tubuh (invitro) dan dilanjutkan dengan
embryo transfer.
Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Introduction Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and Complications
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
SEJARAH
• FERTILISASI IN VITRO
PERTAMA KALI BERHASIL
PADA KELINCI TAHUN 1959
• PADA MANUSIA FERTILISASI
IN VITRO PERTAMA KALI
BERHASIL TAHUN 1978
Introduction Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and Complications
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
LOUISE BROWN
Dari lahir
sampai saat ini
27 JULI 1978
LAHIR BAYI TABUNG I DI DUNIA
LOUISE BROWN
DI
INGGRIS
LAHIR BAYI TABUNG IDI INDONESIA
2 MEI 1988
NUGROHO KARYANTO
DI
RSAB HARAPAN KITA
Salah satu yang sukses di
Indonesia….
Syukur yo mas
Adam.. kita
punya
momongan
Hehe…
Introduction Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and Complications
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
DI
INDONESIA
PELAYANAN BAYI
TABUNG
32 IVF ClinicsIntroduction Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and Complications
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
DI
INDONESIA
KEBERHASI
LAN
Fresh embryo Frozen embryo Total
All ages combined
Number of cycles 6398 2237 8635
Cycles resulting pregnancy 1640 827 2467
Cycles cancelation 1623 3 1626
Avarage number of embryo transferred 2.05 1.99 2.02
Pregnancy with twins 292 128 420
Pregnancy with triplets or more 45 9 54
28,6%
Based on: Indonesian
Association for In Vitro Fertilization’s National Report
2017
Introduction Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and Complications
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
DI
Royal IVF Clinic -BROS
KEBERHASI
LAN
Fresh embryo Frozen embryo Total
All ages combined
Number of cycles 169 9 178
Cycles resulting pregnancy 84 6 90
Cycles cancelation 9 0 9
Avarage number of embryo transferred 1.4 1.00 1.2
Pregnancy with twins 36 0 36
Pregnancy with triplets or more 6 0 6
50,6%
Based on: Indonesian
Association for In Vitro Fertilization’s National Report
2017
Introduction Indication Procedure Monitoring Risks and Complications
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
KEBERHASI
LAN
1.Embryo Quality
2.Embryo Transfer Technique
Introduction
Indicatio
n
Procedure Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Indikasi FIV
• Berdaraskan panduan ART tahun 2013 indikasi FIV adalah semua
pasangan
YG BELUM HAMIL
setelah menjalani terapi fertilitas
berdasarkan prosedur teknologi reproduksi berbantu (TRB) baik itu
dengan terapi obat, terapi hormonal atau pembedahan.
Introduction
Indicatio
n
Procedure Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Gagal dengan inseminasi artifisial dengan
gonadotropin (FSH) atau hiperstimulasi
ovarium menggunakan clomiphen citrate
atau
Pasangan yang dengan proses inseminasi
alami atau artifisial diperkirakan akan
mengalami kegagalan:
Introduction
Indicatio
n
Procedure Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Pria dengan Azoospermia atau
penurunan kuantitas sperma (<10M)
dan kualitas (<4% bentuk normal) dan
pasangan ini menolak untuk dilakukan
donor sperma (diharapkan pria
Introduction
Indicatio
n
Procedure Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
• Wanita dengan faktor tuba
• penyakit tuba bilateral (obstruksi tuba, absen,
hidrosalfing)
• endometriosis grade 3 atau 4
• pasca pembedahan pelvis dengan perbaikan
anatomi pelvis menjadi normal
• infertilitas akibat kehamilan ektopik
• terjadi kehamilan ektopi selama penanganan
infertilitas berlangsung
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
TAHAPAN PADA PELAYANAN BAYI TABUNG
1. SELEKSI PESERTA
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
SELEKSI PESERTA
SALURAN TELUR BUNTU
KELAINAN PADA SPERMA
KEGAGALAN INSEMINASI BERULANG
ENDOMETRIOSIS YANG SUDAH DIOBATI
TAPI BELUM BISA HAMIL
INFERTILITAS YANG TIDAK DIKETAHUI
PENYEBABNYA
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Syarat-syarat berikut ini harus dipenuhi :
• Penanganan infertilitas sebelumnya telah lengkap.
• Umur istri sebaiknya kurang dari 38 tahun
• Mampu membiayai layanan FIV
• Pasangan suami istri yang sah
• Sel telur,spermatozoa dan embrio berasal dari pasutri yang
sah
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
PERSYARATAN PESERTA
• TELAH DILAKUKAN PENGELOLAAN
PELAYANAN INFERTILITAS SELENGKAPNYA
• INDIKASI
JELAS
• MEMAHAMI SELURUH PROSEDUR DENGAN
SEGALA AKIBATNYA
• Screening INFEKSI HIV, HEPATITIS B/C,
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Tes yang diperlukan sebelum FIV
• yakin bahwa pasangan ini tidak terinfeki HIV yang dapat merugikan
kesehatan, kesejahteraan, dan bahkan kelangsungan hidup
keturunannya.
• Kewajiban hukum dan moral. Seorang dokter harus dapat
memastikan bahwa program FIV yang akan dijalankan oleh setiap
pasangan tidak mengarah pada kelahiran anak dengan infeksi
HIV/AIDS
• Tes ini tidak bisa mendeteksi mereka yang berada pada window
period
• Tes HIV bersifat pribadi dan sukarela.
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
• Hepatitis B dan C merupakan penyakit yang dapat ditularkan
melalui hubungan seksual atau melalui kontaminasi darah atau
dari ibu yang terinfeksi kepada janinnya.
• Resiko menularkan meningkat 10% kepada janinnya
• dokter yang merawat wajib untuk menyampaikan semua
informasi yang relevan ini secara terperinci selama masa
persiapan.
Hepatitis B dan C
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
• PMS seperti sifilis saat ini meningkat jumlahnya
• Dapat menyebabkan kelainan bawaan yang serius menjalani
pemeriksaan darah untuk mendeteksi adanya infeksi sifilis
sebelum menjalani program FIV.
• Jika penyakit ini terdeteksi pada salah satu pihak harus dilakukan
pengobatan terlebih dahulu
Sifilis
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Infeksi ini dapat mengenai laki-laki dan / atau perempuan,
mereka yang terinfeksi klamidia atau gonore dapat
menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, sehingga semua pasangan
yang akan menjalani program FIV harus dilakukan
pemeriksaan tes laboratorium ini sebelum prosedur FIV
dilakukan
Clamidia dan Gonorhea
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Tes persiapan pada pria
faktor infertilitas pria yang ringan didefinisikan ketika dua atau
lebih analisa memiliki satu atau lebih variabel dibawah 5
persentil dan telah melakukan hubungan seksual alami selama
2 tahun termasuk dengan wanita dengan endometriosis.
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
USG Salin
USG salin adalah prosedur pemeriksaan dengan memasukkan cairan kedalam
kavum uteri melalui serviks kemudian diikuti dengan pemeriksaan USG uterus
dan tuba fallopi
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
HISTEROSALFINGOGRAFI (HSG)
Pemeriksaan uterus dan tuba menggunakan sinar X setelah
sebelumnya dilakukan injeksi media radio opaque ke dalam
kavum uteri.
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Histeroskopi adalah pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan
media teleskop melalui kanalis servikalis sehingga
mampu memvisualisasikan keadaan kavum uteri dengan
lebih baik
Introduction
•
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Penilaian Anatomi Reproduksi
Laparoskopi-Histeroskopi
Minimal invasive surgery:
pembedahan dengan luka kecil pada
dinding abdomen (0,5-1cm), sebagai
tempat insersi laparoscope dan
instrumen lainnya, untuk
mengevaluasi struktur organ dalam
abdomen dan pelvis dan melakukan
terapi terhadap kelainan yang
Minimal invasive surgery: A type of surgery in which small incisions are
made in the abdominal wall through which a laparoscope and other
instruments can be placed to permit structures within the abdomen
and pelvis to be seen
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Penilaian Ovarian Reserve
Ovarian reserve adalah kapasitas ovarium untuk memproduksi sel telur
Wanita yang berespon dengan pengobatan fertilitas dapat dikatakan memiliki ovarian reserve yang normal, sedangkan mereka yang tidak berespon dapat dikatakan mengalami ovarian reserve yang buruk
Puncak fertilitas wanita terjadi pada usai 20-an dan akan mengalami penurunan secara signifikan sejalan dengan usia yaitu diatas 35 tahun.
HORMON
USG
FSH, E2 , Inhibin B AMH
volume ovarium dan aliran darah ovarium Penilaian
ovarian reserve
AFC/antral Folicular count
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Pengukuran kadar Hormonal (FSH, estradiol dan
Inhibin B,Prolaktin)
FSH 9.0 mIU/ml atau lebih berhubungan dengan kadar estradiol yang kurang dari 70 pg/ml
kadar Inhibin B yang kurang dari 45ng/ml akan dapat memprediksi kegagalan ovarium (resisten terhadap obat pemicu ovulasi)
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Tingkat prolaktin darah yang tinggi
dapat mengganggu proliferasi
endometrium dan pertumbuhan
folikel, sehingga menurunkan
keberhasilan program FIV
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
AMH = glikoprotein yang berasal dari family growth factor-β, dihasilkan oleh sel granulosa
folikel preantral dan antral, hormon in berfungsi untuk mencegah rekrutmen folikel berlebih di ovarium.
AMH yang normal adalah 1,26- 4,5 ng/ml dapat dikombinasikan dengan pemeriksaan AFC (antral folicular count)
jika level AMH ≤1.26 ng/ml maka akan mengalami Low respon terhadap stimulasi gonadotropin (≤4 oocytes), AMH <0.5 ng/ml: very poor response (≤2 oocytes)
AMH Inhibin B Inhibin A E LH FSH AMH Inhibin B Inhibin A E LH FSH
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Penilaian folikel Antral (AFC)
folikel inilah yang pada akhirnya dapat berkembang menjadi folikel yang besar dengan bantuan obat pemicu ovulasi
Penilaian folikel antral (AFC) dilakukan pada hari 2 atau 3 haid, diharapkan pada pemeriksaan ini didapatkan 4 - 10 folikel antral pada satu ovarium
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
dan MONITORING (USG)
PROSES BAYI TABUNG
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
2. PETIK OVUM
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
3. PEMROSESAN SPERMA
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
4. PEMBUAHAN (FERTILISASI IN VITRO)
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
PGD/PGS
*Pictures were taken from ROYAL IVF Clinic lab
* *
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
EMBRYO FREEZING/CRYOPRESERVATION
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Introduction
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Introduction
• DIAGNOSIS KEHAMILAN PASKA ET
Procedur
e
Indication Monitoring Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Kehamilan Kimia :
Kehamilan yang dinyatakan positif oleh hasil pemeriksaan
β-hCG (hari ke-12 post OPU)
Kehamilan Klinis :
Kehamilan yang dibuktikan dengan adanya kantung gestasi
dg atau tanpa denyut jantung bayi berdasarkan
pemeriksaan USG/ kehamilan ektopik berdasarkan
USG/laparoskopi
Introduction
Tujuan Monitoring
Procedure IndicationMonitorin
g
Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
“Purpose of monitoring ovarian response is to ensure safe practice
in reducing the incidence and severity of OHSS, and to optimise the
timing of luteinisation before oocyte retrieval. “
Introduction Procedure Indication
Monitorin
g
Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Gardner. D.K., Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, 5th ed. 2018
1. Predict the ovarian response to gonadotrophins
a. Identify poor responders
b. Identify thoose at risk for OHSS
2. Monitoring the effect of pituitary down regulation
3. Dosage adjustment of gonadotrophins
a. Avoid OHSS
b. Achieve optimal response
4. Optimal time for administration of hCG
5. Identify optimal time for transfer of frozen-thawed
embryos
Introduction Procedure Indication
Monitorin
g
Risks and ComplicationsIN VITRO FERTILIZATION
The Boston IVF Handbook of Infertility A Practical Guide for Practitioners who Care for Infertile Couples 3rded. 2006
Cara Monitoring
1. Laboratorium : E2
2. USG
The goal of the ovulation induction is to develop at least three
mature follicles that are 17 mm in diameter or larger. Once this is
achieved, FSH and other medications are discontinued, and a
single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is given to
mature the eggs to allow fertilization
The estradiol level is used to determine the dose of
Introduction Procedure Indication Monitoring Risks and Complication s
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Komplikasi Prosedur IVF
• OHSS
• Persalinan Multiple
• Resiko saat stimulasi
ovarium dan
Introduction Procedure Indication Monitoring Risks and Complication s
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
OHSS is an iatrogenic and potentially life-threatening
complication of superovulation.
The incidence of OHSS varies between 0.6% and 10% in IVF
cycles. The severe form of the condition occurs in 0.5–2% of IVF
cycles.
Introduction Procedure Indication Monitoring Risks and Complication s
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Risk factors of OHSS:
•Young age (less than 30 years)
•Lean physique
•Polycystic ovary syndrome
•High serum oestradiol (greater than 2500 pg/ml or 9000 pmol/l)
•Rapidly increasing oestradiol levels (greater than 75% from previous day)
•Size and number of follicles and ultrasonographic ovarian ‘necklace sign’ of
multiple small follicles
•hCG administration
•Number of oocytes retrieved (greater than or equal to 20)
•Multiple pregnancy.
Introduction Procedure Indication Monitoring Risks and Complication s
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
OHSS Prevention
Cycle cancellation
Coasting
Elective cryopreservation of all embryos
Luteal-phase support
Prophylactic albumin administration
Role of follicular aspiration
Introduction Procedure Indication Monitoring Risks and Complication s
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
OHSS Treatment
• Treatment of OHSS is mainly supportive
• Multidisciplinary
local
protocols
involving
gynaecologists,
anaesthetists and haematologists
• The condition is self-limiting
• The principles of care include appropriate specialist involvement,
circulatory support using intravenous fluids, maintenance of
renal function, thromboprophylaxis and drainage of third space
accumulation.
HIMPUNAN
HKKI KIMIAKLiNIK
INDONESIA
dr. Ida 8agus Putra Adnyana, Sp.OG (K)
Sebagai
PEMBICARA
SYMPOSIUM
KONKER HKKI XIV
"DRIVlNC:;
I
MPACTS IN LABORATORY
MEDICINE"
SKP101No :20/V/2018/SKPYIIDI-B%ilnl~:,
SKP PATELKINo: 040/SKP/OPP.PATELKI/6/2018
14
thHKKI CONFERENCE
DRIVING IMPACTS IN LABORATORY MEDICINEPROCEEDING BOOK
14th HKKI CONFERENCE “ Driving Impacts in Laboratory
Medicine
Editor:
dr. I Putu Yuda Prabawa, S.Ked Reviewer:
Dr. dr. Sianny Herawati, SpPK Dr. dr. I Nyoman Wande, SpPK
30 + viii hal
ISBN 978-602-294-294-8
Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang
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Diterbitkan pertama kali oleh Udayana University Press, Juli 2018
DAFTAR ISI
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Abstrak Pembicara Simposium ... 1
Abstrak Presentasi Poster ... 25
Ucapan Terimakasih ... 30
3 IN VITRO FERTILIZATION: INDICATION, PROCEDURE AND
MANAGEMENT Ida Bagus Putra Adnyana1,2
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Dept.- Reproductive endocrinology and Fertility
subdivision, Medical Faculty of Udayana University/ Sanglah Hospital
2Royal IVF Clinic - Bali Royal Hospital (BROS)
Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 10–15% of couples. The major causes of female infertility include ovulatory dysfunction (20–40%), tubal and peritoneal pathology (30–40%), and male factors (30–40%); and the rest were unexplained.
IVF consisting a sequence of steps that start with controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation, followed by oocytes retrieval, fertilization in the laboratory, trans-cervical transfer of embryos into the uterus followed by luteal support. Indication for IVF including primary or secondary infertility caused by female or male factors, recurrence failure of IUI, and immunology related infertility.
Initial procedure for IVF consist of routine infertility tests, medical condition assessment, infectious diseases screening and treatment. For male, Sperm analysis, and anti-sperm antibody testwere done commonly. Pelvic organ examination with physical examination, SIS, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Ovarian reserve assessment with FSH, E2, inhibin B and the AMH is recommended.
The management of IVF patients were depended on their responses to stimulation, whether its poor, sub-optimal, normal or hyper-responder.