ABSTRACT
CHRISADIYA, RUTH DESTIA. The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on
Equivalence and Translation Strategies. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2015.
This study is concerned with idiomatic expression especially those which are found in the novel Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling. Idiomatic expressions are divided into two types, idioms and phrasal verbs. It is challenging to translate idiomatic expressions because idioms have various meanings. They can not be translated by “a word-for-word”.
There are two problems to be discussed in this study, the first is the equivalence of the Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone and second is the applied strategies to translate English idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Several theories are used to support this study. They include the theories of equivalence from Nida and Taber, Catford, and Munday. Also the theories of translation strategies based on Baker, Venuti and Krings.
This study employs the library research method and uses translation approach. The data analyzed in this study consists of idiomatic expressions in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone novel. A total of 120 idiomatic expressions were collected in this study. The steps of this study were collecting data, categorizing and analyzing data.
As the result of the analysis, there are two types of idiomatic expressions in this study, they are idioms and phrasal verbs. From 120 data found in the novel, 12 data are selected to be displayed and discussed. Based on Nida and Taber’s theory of equivalence, there are 8 data which are identified as dynamic equivalence and 4 data are identified as formal equivalence. According to Baker, the strategy which is applied in the translation are divided into three types, the frst is using an idiom of similar meaning and form, second is using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form and translation by paraphrase. The result shows that the translation by paraphrase is mostly used with 9 numbers of data, followed by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form with 2 numbers and using an idiom of similar meaning and form with 1 number.
xiii
ABSTRAK
CHRISADIYA, RUTH DESTIA. The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on Translation Strategies and Acceptability . Yogyakarta: Departemen Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2015.
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan ekspresi idiomatik terutama yang ditemukan dalam novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone oleh J.K. Rowling. Ekspresi idiomatik dibagi menjadi dua jenis, idiom dan kata kerja. Menerjemahkan ekspresi idiomatik adalah hal yang menantang karena idiom memiliki berbagai makna. Mereka tidak dapat diterjemahkan dengan "kata-demi kata".
Ada dua masalah yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini, yang pertama adalah kesetaraan terjemaha idiom di J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone dan kedua adalah strategi untuk menerjemahkan idiom bahasa Inggris di novel J.K.Rowling Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Ada beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk mendukung penelitian ini yaitu teori kesetaraan dari Nida dan Taber, Catford, dan Munday. Juga teori strategi penerjemahan berdasarkan Baker, Venuti dan Krings.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan menggunakan pendekatan penerjemahan. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ekspresi idiomatik di J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Ada sebanyak 120 ekspresi idiomatik dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini. Langkah-langkah dari penelitian ini terdiri dari pengumpulan data, mengelompokkan dan menganalisis data.
THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K.
ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S
STONE:
A STUDY ON EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSLATION
STRATEGIES
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
In English Letters
By
RUTH DESTIA CHRISADIYA
Student Number: 114214020
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN J.K.
ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S
STONE:
A STUDY ON EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSLATION
STRATEGIES
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
In English Letters
By
RUTH DESTIA CHRISADIYA
Student Number: 114214020
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS YOGYAKARTA
2016
“What you are is God’s gift for you,
what you make of yourself is your gift to
God”
Carly Fiorina
For my Mum,
You are the bones of my spine, and
all the lovely words that I could possibly think of
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to send my gratitude for Jesus Christ, the One that
makes everything possible. Also I would thank my mum, for her love, pray,
advices and support in every step that I take..
I am also very grateful to my advisor and co-advisor, J. Harris
Hermansyah S.,M.Hum. and Dr. Bernardine Ria Lestari, M.Sc., for their opinion,
criticism, patience, kindness in guiding me to finish my thesis. They help me a lot
to improve my knowledge in translation studies.
I would like to say thanks to my sister, Aprisa Chrysantina, also my
friends, Nivo Christitaria and Catharina Febry Putri Dewangga, thanks for all the
love and support. My thanks to the coolest girl squad in English Letters named
SPBU (Astrid, Lidya, Puri, Jenna, Oshi, Sisca, Dian), without them I cannot make
it in English Letters until now. I also would like to say thanks to Wahyudi
Septrianto, for his presence, support, and help when I was in difficult times
writing this thesis.
I would also want to express my gratitude to the lecturers in English
Letters Department of Sanata Dharma University, for sharing their knowledge in
these years, and also the staff especially Mbak Niek. The last, I would send my
gratitude to my favorite writer, J.K.Rowling, her books are so inspiring.
Ruth Destia Chrisadiya
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ………... APPROVAL PAGE... ACCEPTANCE PAGE... LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ... STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY... MOTTO PAGE... DEDICATION PAGE... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... TABLE OF CONTENTS………... LIST OF TABLES... ABSTRACT... ABSTRAK...
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION... A. Background of the Study... B. Problem Formulation... C. Objectives of the Study... D. Definition of Terms...
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE... A. Review of Related Studies... B. Review of Related Theories... C. Theoretical Framework...
CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY... A. Areas of Research... B. Object of the Study... C. Method of the Study... D. Research Procedurs...
CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS)... A. The Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions ……...
1. The Formal Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions... 2. The Dynamic Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions... B. The Applied Strategies of Idiomatic Translations ...
1. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form... 2. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form... 3. Translation by Paraphrase...
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.0. The Example of Idiomatic Expressions
Table 1.1. The Example of Equivalence Data Analysis
Table 1.2. The Example of Applied Strategies Data Analysis
Table 2.1. The Proportion of Idiomatic Expressions
Table 2.2.The Proportions of Formal and Dynamic Equivalence
Table 2.3. The Proportion of Strategies Applied in Translating Idiomatic Expressions
ABSTRACT
CHRISADIYA, RUTH DESTIA. The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on
Equivalence and Translation Strategies. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2015.
This study is concerned with idiomatic expression especially those which are found in the novel Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling. Idiomatic expressions are divided into two types, idioms and phrasal verbs. It is challenging to translate idiomatic expressions because idioms have various meanings. They can not be translated by “a word-for-word”.
There are two problems to be discussed in this study, the first is the equivalence of the Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone and second is the applied strategies to translate English idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Several theories are used to support this study. They include the theories of equivalence from Nida and Taber, Catford, and Munday. Also the theories of translation strategies based on Baker, Venuti and Krings.
This study employs the library research method and uses translation approach. The data analyzed in this study consists of idiomatic expressions in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone novel. A total of 120 idiomatic expressions were collected in this study. The steps of this study were collecting data, categorizing and analyzing data.
As the result of the analysis, there are two types of idiomatic expressions in this study, they are idioms and phrasal verbs. From 120 data found in the novel, 12 data are selected to be displayed and discussed. Based on Nida and Taber’s theory of equivalence, there are 8 data which are identified as dynamic equivalence and 4 data are identified as formal equivalence. According to Baker, the strategy which is applied in the translation are divided into three types, the frst is using an idiom of similar meaning and form, second is using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form and translation by paraphrase. The result shows that the translation by paraphrase is mostly used with 9 numbers of data, followed by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form with 2 numbers and using an idiom of similar meaning and form with 1 number.
xiii
ABSTRAK
CHRISADIYA, RUTH DESTIA. The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on Translation Strategies and Acceptability . Yogyakarta: Departemen Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2015.
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan ekspresi idiomatik terutama yang ditemukan dalam novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone oleh J.K. Rowling. Ekspresi idiomatik dibagi menjadi dua jenis, idiom dan kata kerja. Menerjemahkan ekspresi idiomatik adalah hal yang menantang karena idiom memiliki berbagai makna. Mereka tidak dapat diterjemahkan dengan "kata-demi kata".
Ada dua masalah yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini, yang pertama adalah kesetaraan terjemaha idiom di J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone dan kedua adalah strategi untuk menerjemahkan idiom bahasa Inggris di novel J.K.Rowling Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Ada beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk mendukung penelitian ini yaitu teori kesetaraan dari Nida dan Taber, Catford, dan Munday. Juga teori strategi penerjemahan berdasarkan Baker, Venuti dan Krings.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan menggunakan pendekatan penerjemahan. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ekspresi idiomatik di J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Ada sebanyak 120 ekspresi idiomatik dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini. Langkah-langkah dari penelitian ini terdiri dari pengumpulan data, mengelompokkan dan menganalisis data.
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
In communicating with each other, humans need language as their medium.
By using language, people could give and get informations. According to Larson,
language is a complex set of ‘skewed’ relationships between meaning (semantic)
and form (lexicon and grammar). It means that each language has its own form
and meaning (Larson, 1984:9).
Consequently, various languages with different meaning and form create the
diversity of one-to-one correlation between form and meaning. Nowadays, in the
globalized era the need of information becomes high. Therefore, people need
language to exchange the information. Although English is the international
language which can be understood by people around the world, not everyone can
understand English well so that s/he cannot access the information. In that case,
translation is needed to help people get better understanding of informations.
According to Larson, translation is basically a change of form. It consists of
transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language.
(Larson, 1984:3).
Translators should understand many aspects used in translation process
because translation is not only translating sentence after sentence but also
2
suitable for each text because each text has its own style, meaning and difficulties.
The messages from source text have to be naturally and accurately translated.
There are some difficulties that will be faced by the translators when dealing
with a literary text which is full of style, meaning, or idiomatic expressions.
Idioms for instance, can be found in many media like novels, newspaper,
magazines because they are used in the wide variety of context or situation.
This research focuses on the idiomatic translation. It is challenging to
analyze the translation of idioms because idioms cannot be translated word by
word, and it is interesting to study about idioms because idioms are unique, used
in wide variety of contexts and situation.
There are some reasons why the researcher chose Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone. First, it is because the story plays many fantasies and logic, also it is considered as the best-seller book series in history. Besides, Harry Potter
series have been translated into 73 languages. Second, the novel contains
significant numbers of idiomatic expressions which become the data for this
research. Due to that reasons, the researcher choose Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone as the source text of the study.
The phenomenon which attracts the attention of the researcher to study
about idiomatic expressions are the difficulties to translate idioms. For example
the idiom hung her head as stated in the table below
No. Data ST No. Data TT
25/ST/SS/178 Hermione hung her head. Harry was speechless. Hermione was the last person to
25/TT/BB/222
do anything against the rules,..
peraturan,..
Table 1.0. The Example of Idiomatic Expressions
From the data above, it shows that idiom cannot be translated “word for
word” because there is no relation between meaning and form of an idiom. Mona
Baker (1992:63) says that idiom carry meanings which cannot be deduced from
their individual components.
. According to Baker’s, the first difficulty is an idiom may have no
equivalent in the target language. Second, an idiom may have a similar
counterpart in the target language, but its context may be different. Third, an
idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the
same time and the last, the very convention of using idioms in written discourse,
the contexts in which they can be used, and their frequency of use may be
different in the source and target language (Baker,1992:68-70).
Therefore, to translate idioms translators should determine some strategies
to be applied. The use of certain strategies depend on the context in which idioms
are translated. Since it is difficult to translate idiom with idiom, a translator may
use non idiomatic translation to convey the meaning of target language. Because
there are many problems when dealing with idioms, the researcher focuses on
measuring the equivalence of idiom translations found in J.K.Rowling’s Harry
4
B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background presented previously, there are two problems to be
analyzed, as follows:
1. What is the equivalence of the Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K
Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone based on Nida’s category?
2. What are the strategies applied to translate English idioms in J.K. Rowling’s
Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone into Indonesian ones?
C. Objectives of the Study
Based on the problem formulation that has been mentioned, the objectives
of the study is, first, to classify the equivalence of Indonesian translation of
idioms in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah.
Second, to analyze the strategies applied in translation of English idioms in
J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone in Baker’s category.
D. Definition of Terms
Idiomatic expressions, according to Peter Newmark in Approaches to
Translation, are defined as phrases or word-groups whose meaning cannot be elicited from the separate meanings of each word of which they are formed.
(Newmark,1916:125)
should carry the same message of the SL so that the meaning of SL is conveyed in
the TL.
Translation strategies, according to Hans Peter Krings, are defined as
translator’s potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems
in the framework of a concrete translation task (Krings,1986:18)
According to Venuti (1998:240) as stated in Encyclopedia of Translation
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter covers three main parts : the review of related studies, the
review of related theories, and the theoretical framework. The first part includes
reviews of other studies which also discuss similar topic with this study. The
second part includes some theories that will help in accomplishing the analysis.
The theories used are theories about translations, including the strategies or the
techniques, also theories of idioms.
A. Review of Related Studies
Idiom translations deal with the translator’s ability to recognize and
interpret idioms because they are not always obvious. Therefore, in the study of
translation the cultural background, translation strategies and translation in the
target language becomes the main problems to be discussed. There are two related
studies that are connected with those problems
The first is “Idiomatic Expressions Found in Avril Lavigne’s Song Lyrics
and Their Meaning” by Lia Dewinta. The study is concerned with idioms
especially those which are found in Avril Lavigne’s song lyrics. The thesis
analyzes the forms and the meaning of idiomatic expressions found in the song
lyrics by using descriptive analysis. The object of her study is some songs from
the first and the third album of Avril Lavigne which consists of 7 songs. Those
songs mostly contain idiomatic expressions. The title of the songs are : “Losing
6
Grip”, “My World”, “Nobody’s Fool”, “I Can Do Better”, “I Dont Have to Try”,
and “One of Those Girls”. She finds that idioms are classified into two categories,
the fixed and non-fixed idioms. Besides, she also finds out that when learning the
idiomatic expressions, the learners should not translate them literally because
some idioms cannot be literally translated to get their meaning. (Dewinta, 2008)
Dewinta’s thesis has the same object which is idiomatic expression, but the
differences lies on the focus on the meaning and the types of idiomatic
expressions, while her’s focuses on the strategy and equivalence of the translation
in novel.
The second is Nantang’s “Classification of Translation Strategies of Pure
Idioms in the Translation of Pramoedya’s Rumah Kaca into House of Glass by
Max Lane. The study discusses the equivalence of the applied strategies of pure
idiom translations in House of Glass, the English translation of Rumah Kaca by
Pramoedya Ananta Toer. In his study, Desidarius examines the applied strategies
for translation of pure idioms in Rumah Kaca which are translated in House of
Glass, also he classifies the applied strategies in terms of figurative and non figurative usages to explain the equivalence and elaborate Baker’s theory of
translation strategy for idiom translation. The data of the study are concerned
with pure idioms. He uses the comparative method which was comparing the data
from one language to another language (Nantang,2010).
This study has the same object with Desidarius’ study which is idioms. Both
of them are analyzing the applied strategies with the same method by using
8
strategies including the applied strategies in terms of figurative and non figurative
while this study does not only focus on the applied idiom translation strategies but
also focus on the equivalence of the idiom translations in Harry Potter and The
Sorcerer’s Stone.
B. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Translation
Translation has been defined in many different ways by some writers and
researchers in the field. According to Munday and Hatim (2004:3), translations
defined in two senses, the first sense as a process and the second as a product. The
first sense focuses on the role of the translator in taking the original or source text
(ST) and turning it into a text in another language (the target text, TT). The
second sense centres on the concrete translation product produced by translator.
Besides, Nida and Taber (1974: 12) say that translating consists in the receptor
language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in
terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Bassnett (2002:34) also said that
translation involves far more than replacement of lexical or grammatical items
between languages. Once the translator moves away from close equivalence, the
problems of determining the exact nature of the level of equivalence aimed for
begin to emerge.
In this research, the kind of translation is idiomatic translations. Larson
(1984:16) say that idiomatic translations use the natural forms of the receptor
A truly idiomatic translation does not sound like a translation. It sounds like it was
written originally in the receptor language.
From the definitions above, it can be concluded that translation involves two
languages: the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) also translation
is a process of reproducing the meaning of the SL into TL text. And the
equivalence is the ‘central issue’ of translation studies which becomes the main
discussion of this research.
2. Theory of Equivalence
One of the problems when translating idioms is finding the accurate
equivalent.
According to Catford, translation equivalence occurs when a SL and a TL text or
item are relatable to same features of substance (Catford, 1965:50). It means that
the TL should carry the same message of the SL so that the meaning of SL is
conveyed in the TL.
According to Vinay and Darbelnet as stated in Introducing Translation
Studies they use the term “equivalence” to refer to cases where language describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means (Vinay and Darbelnet,
1995:38-9;2004:134). From the definitions above, it can be concluded that
equivalence is a case where SL and TL text carry the same meaning in the same
circumstances but in the different style and structural means so that equivalence
10
meaning whether SL and TL are relatable or not. According to Nida, there are two
types of equivalence defined as follows :
a. Formal Equivalence
Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself on both form
and content. One is concerned that the message in the receptor language should
match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. (Nida,
1964a:159). It means that formal equivalence is a “gloss” translation. It has a
close assessment to the ST structure which leads to the accuracy and correctness.
b. Dynamic Equivalence
Dynamic, or functional, equivalence is based on what Nida calls’ the
principle of equivalent effect’, where ‘the relationship between receptor and
message should subtantially the same as that which existed between the
original receptors and the message’ (Nida, 1964a:159). It means that dynamic
equivalence focuses on the naturalness of the translation. To achieve the
naturalness, the adaptations of grammar, lexicon, and of cultural references are
needed.
For Nida, the success of translation depends above all on achieving
equivalent response. It is one of ‘four basic requirements of translation’, which are
a.) making sense; b.) conveying the spirit and manner of the original; c.) having a
natural and easy form of expression; d.) producing a similar response. (Nida,
3. Theory of Idioms
Idioms, according to Peter Newmark in Approaches to Translation, are
defined as phrases or word-groups whose meaning cannot be elicited from the
separate meanings of each word of which they are formed. Idioms never
translated word for word because they are either colloquial or slang, it is often
difficult to find a target language equivalent with the same degree of informality.
An idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language.
The way a language chooses to express, or not express, various meanings cannot
be predicted and only occasionally matches the way another language chooses to
express the same meanings (Baker, 1992:68).
To determine the applied strategy used in translating idiomatic expressions,
the understanding of idiom’s form is needed. Therefore the researcher using
Fernando theory to classify the form of idioms. According to Fernando
(1995:35-36), idioms can be grouped into three sub-classes :
a. Pure Idioms
A pure idiom is a type of conventionalized, non-literal multiword expression
whose meaning cannot be understood by adding up the meanings of the words
that make up the phrase. For example the expression spill the beans is a pure
idiom, because its real meaning has nothing to do with beans.
b. Semi Idioms
A semi-pure, on the other hand, has at least one literal element and one with
12
semi-idiom, in which foot is the non-literal element, whereas the word bill is used
literally.
c. Literal Idiom
Literal idioms, such as on foot or on the contrary are semantically less
complex than the other two, and therefore easier to understand even if one is not
familiar with these expressions. These expressions may be considered idioms
because they are either completely invariant or allow only restricted variation
From all the definitions above, it is clear that idiom is a phrase or sentence
whose meaning is not predictable, and cannot be deduced from its constituent
words, so that it must be learnt as a whole or unity.
4. Theory of Phrasal Verbs
According to Leech and Svartvik in A Communicative Grammar of
English, phrasal verbs are defined as the combination of verb and adverb. (Leech and Svartvik, 1975:263). Quirk and Greenbaum (1973:348) say that the
meaning of the combination cannot be predicted from the meanings of the verb
and particle in isolation, for example catch on (=”understand”), give in
(=”surrender”). Phrasal verbs also can take an object. The adverb can either
come before or follow a noun object, for example:
a. they turned on the light or
b. they turned the light on.
In some cases phrasal verbs with objects look identical to verbs followed
a. They ran over the bridge (=’crossed the bridge by running’). (Verb
+Preposition)
b. They ran over the cat (=’knocked down and passed over’). (Phrasal
Verb)
5. Theory of Translation Strategy
Translation strategy also can be described as translation techniques, for
example Mona Baker uses the term techniques instead of strategies but the
proposes are the same. Technique is a method of doing or performing something
whereas strategy is a plan to accomplish a spesific goal.
According to Krings, translation strategies defined as translator’s potentially
conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a
concrete translation task (Krings, 1986:18).
Moreover, according to Venuti (1998:240) as stated in Encyclopedia of
Translation Studies, indicates that translation strategies involve the basic task of choosing the foreign text to be translated and developing a method to translate it.
There are many translation strategies to translate a text. Every translator
uses different strategies since people have different understanding of text. This
-research uses Mona Baker’s theory of translation strategies to translate idiomatic
expressions. Idioms, can be described as multiword expressions. It may have
distinctive form but the meaning are the same.
According to Mona Baker (1992:72) these are some strategies that can be
14
a. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form
In the target language which conveys roughly the same meaning as that of
the source-language idiom, and in addition, consist of equivalent lexical items
(Baker,1992:72).
b. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form
It is often possible to find an idiom or fixed expression in the target language
which has a meaning similar to that of the source idiom or expression but which
consists of different lexical items.(Baker, 1992:74)
c. Translation by paraphrase
This is by far the most common way of translating idioms when an equivalent
cannot be found in the target language or when it seems inappropriate to use
idiomatic language in the target text because of differences in stylistic preferences
of the source and target language. (Baker, 1992:74)
d. Translation by omission
As with single words, an idiom may sometimes be ommited altogether in the target text. It is because it has no close equivalent in the target language, its
meaning cannot be easily paraphrased, or for stylistic reasons (Baker, 1992:77)
C. Theoretical Framework
In this analysis there are two questions in problem formulation that will
become the main discussion. The first question is about the equivalence of the
Indonesian translation of idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The
idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The theories
mentioned in the related theories will be used to answer all the questions in
problem formulation.
Theories of idioms which explain about the definitions and characteristics of
idioms will be used to answer both questions. These theories are useful because
by understanding the definitions and characteristics of idioms, also with combined
with the understanding of translation theories, the writer can analyze the
translation of idiom in the novel. Also, by understanding the equivalence in
translation helps the researcher answer the first question, measuring the
equivalence of idiom translations in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The
theories of translation strategies or techniques used to define the strategies that
applied in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone novel.
15
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Areas of Research
The area of this research is from text analysis and the translation especially
the target analysis. It focuses on the analysis of the target text and examines the
various aspects which might be the cause of translation problems.
The analysis of translated texts involves the textual comparison of a
translation with its original (William and Chesterman, 2002:6). This method of
this study consists of data collection and data analysis.
B. Object of the Study
The main object of this study are idiomatic expressions in J.K Rowling’s
novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone as the source text and Indonesian
translation in Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah as the target text. The two types of
idiomatic expressions analyzed in this research are idioms and phrasal verbs.
C.Method of the Study
The library research is applied as the method of this study, which means that
all the data used in this study were collected from written materials, such as
dictionaries, novels, theses, journals, books of relevant theories and online
both data, which are idiomatic expressions from the source text and their
translation so that the writer can analyzing the applied strategy and finding the
equivalent between them.
D.Research Procedures
1. Types of Data
The data which are idiomatic expressions were taken from Harry Potter and
The Sorcerer’s Stone as the source text and Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuahas the target text. The translated original novel was written by J.K Rowling and the
Indonesian version was translated by Listiana Srisanti. The novel consists of 17
chapters and 309 pages, while the Indonesian version consists of 17 chapters and
384 pages translated by Listiana Srisanti.
There are 120 idioms found in both of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s
Stone versions, English and Indonesian version. The data were put in the table and divided into two categories, idioms and phrasal verbs so that it is easier to
identifiy the applied strategy in each phrase.
2. Data Collection
Firstly, the researcher started to read the theories about idioms/idiomatic
expression in order to understand it as the data of this study so that s/he can
identify and determine idioms in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone (ST).
Then, the researcher collected phrases or sentences that connected with idiomatic
17
types, idioms and phrasal verbs then put them into the table. The next step was
comparing the data with their translation in Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah (TT)
so that there are two main data collected in this study, first is the phrases
connected to idiomatic expressions in ST and second is their translation in TT.
3. Population and Sample
The population of this study are the phrases or sentences which contain
idiomatic expressions in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The total
population size is 120 data. There are 12 data purposively selected from the
population to be analyzed. They were chosen not based on the amount of data but
to represent each form of those Indonesian translation of idioms. This sample
selection is called internal sampling (Sutopo, 2002:55) because qualitative is
concerned in this study.
4. Data Analysis
In order to make a good and valid research, the writer should have some
steps to do the analysis to answer the problems and make the conclusion for the
problems.
The first step is the researcherread some theories to understand about what
idiomatic expression is. In this case, the idiom theories from Baker, Fernando
Chitra, Newmark, Larson are used. These theories were used because from their
interpretation about idioms, the researcher can identify and determine the pure
categories of idioms. After that, the researcher consults Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary and Dictionary of Idiom.
Then, the researcher put all of the data (phrases or sentences of pure idioms
in ST and their translation in TT) in the table in order to identify the equivalence
and the applied strategies of idiom translations. The researcher classifies the
equivalence of Indonesian translation of idioms by using Nida’s theory of
equivalence.
Table 1.1. The Example of Equivalence Data Analysis
No.Data ST No.Data TT E
1/ST/SS/ I/4
Come to think of it, he wasn’t even sure his nephew was called Harry
1/TT/BB /P/11
Kalau dipikir-pikir lagi, dia malah tidak yakin keponakannya bernama Harry
F
in which,
1 : the number of the data in the population
ST : Source Text
SS : the novel’s title Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
4 : the page number of the novel
TT : Target Text
BB : the novel’s title Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah
I : Idioms
P : Phrasal Verbs
E : equivalence
19
D : Dynamic equivalence
The next step is to analyze the applied strategies used in those idiom
translations by using Mona Baker’s theory of translation strategies for idioms. In
this step the writer also preceded the table in each strategy like the example below
Table 1.2. The Example of Applied Strategies Data Analysis
No.Data ST No.Data TT S
45/ST/SS/ P/307
Notes were handed out to all students, warning them not to use magic over the holidays
43/TT/B B/P/380
Pesan dibagikan kepada semua murid,
memperingatkan mereka agar tidak menggunakan sihir selama liburan
1
in which,
45 : the number of the data in the population
307 : the page number of the novel
S : translation strategy
1 : the code of Mona Baker’s translation strategy, the first type of Baker’s strategy
2 : the code of Mona Baker’s translation strategy, the second type of Baker’s strategy
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
There are two sections of analysis in this study. The first section is to find
out the equivalence of Indonesian translation of idiomatic expressions. There are
12 data samples to be analyzed based on Nida and Taber’s theory of equivalence.
The second section discusses the applied strategies which is used to translate
English idioms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The
translation strategies suggested by Mona Baker are used to determine the
strategies applied in translating the idiomatic expressions.
A. The Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions
In this first section the researcher focuses on analyzing the equivalence of
idiomatic expression. According to Nida and Taber, there are two types of
equivalence. There are formal and dynamic equivalence. Formal equivalence is
when the target text has the closest meaning and same value with the source text
at the level word or phrase. It focuses on the message itself, both of the content
and the form. Formal equivalence has a close assessment to the ST structure
which leads to the accuracy and correctness, while dynamic equivalence focuses
on the naturalness of the translation. To achieve the naturalness, the adaptations of
grammar, lexicon, and of cultural references are needed.
In this research, there are two types of idiomatic expressions to be analyzed.
20
21
Based on the data, the idiomatic expression found in the source text Harry
Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone is divided into two types, idioms and phrasal verbs. Phrasal verb is the combination of verb plus adverb or preposition
(particle). The meaning of these combination cannot be predicted from the
meanings of the verb and particle in isolation(Quirk and Greenbaum (1973:348).
Idiom is semantically like a single word but it does not function like one. A large
number of idioms contain a verb and a noun, but although the verb may be placed
in the past tense, the number of the noun can never be changed (Palmer 2001:80).
The researcher narrows down the number of data into 5 idioms and 7 phrasal
verbs so that the selected data can be analyzed in more detail. The samples of data
are purposively chosen by the researcher to limit the data to be analyzed.
In order to answer the second problem of this research, the researcher
classifies each selected data into two types of equivalence based on Nida and
Taber’s theories. The following chart is the result of data classification of formal
and dynamic equivalence.
Based on the data, there are 4 formal equivalence and 8 dynamic equivalence
from total 12 selected data. It shows that the equivalence of idiomatic expressions
translated in Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah is mostly dynamic equivalence.
The further explanation of how Nida and Taber’s theories are applied is given
1. The Formal Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions
Formal equivalence is when the target text has the closest meaning and
same value with the source text at the level word or phrase. It focuses on the
message itself, both of the content and the form. Formal equivalence has a close
assessment to the ST structure which leads to the accuracy and correctness
Data number 28
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
28/ST/SS/ P/207
He squeezed through it,holding his breath, trying not to move it, and to his relief he managed to get inside the room without their noticing anything
28/TT/BB/P /258
Dia menyelinap masuk, menahan napas,berusaha tidak menyenggol
pintu,dan betapa leganya ketika dia berhasil masuk tanpa Snape dan Filch menyadarinya
F
Holding has many meanings depends on the context. In the context above, holding refer to keep. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary it means keep something at the same level, rate, or speed,or keep something so that it can
be used later. In the target text, “menahan” is from the word “tahan” which means
in the state of steady, and “menahan napas” means to stop breathing for a few
moments, so that “menahan napas” is the correct translation of idiom of holding
23
Data number 21
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
70/ST/SS/ P/235
"Isn't he beautiful?" Hagrid murmured. He reached out a handto stroke the dragon's head.
70/TT/BB/P/ 292
“Cantik,ya?” Hagrid bergumam. Dia menjulurkan tangannya untuk membelai kepala naga
F
Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, the word reach in the
context above means to stretch a hand toward something in order to touch it, pick
it up or etc. “Mengulurkan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means to stretch a
hand to touch something. The data is formal equivalence because both of them
have similar meaning which is to stretch a hand in order to touch something, and
also the translation was using a close assessment to the structure of ST. That is
why in the TT the data is closely match and accurate with the meaning of the ST.
Data number 49
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
49/ST/SS/298 Harry lay there, lost for words. Dumbledore hummed a little and smiled at the ceiling.
49/TT/BB/ 367
Harry terbaring diam, kehabisan kata-kata. Dumbledore
bersenandung kecil dan tersenyum ke arah langit-langit.
F
The definition of lost for words in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is
to be so surprised, confused,etc, that you do not know what to say. Based on
or in English there is nothing left so that “kehabisan kata-kata” means that there is
nothing left to say. This meaning is similar with the meaning of lost of words,
which is dont know what to say. Lost itself according to Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary has many different definition depends on the context. In this case, lost refers to cannot be found or cannot be brought back. Due to that, lost for
words similar with cannot find any words. The explanation of the content and also the structure of the data above shows that it has formal equivalence.
Data number 51
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
51/ST/SS/P/303 Hagrid looked too big to be allowed. He sat down next to Harry, took one look at him, and burst into tears.
51/TT/BB/P/374 Hagrid tampak terlalu besar. Dia duduk di sebelah Harry, memandangnya, lalu langsung menangis.
F
Burst into tears according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, is suddenly began to cry. Burst itself based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary means to go or move somewhere suddenly with great force; to come from somewhere suddenly. In the TT, burst into tears translated into “langsung
menangis” which has closest message with the data in ST. Based on Kamus Besar
Bahasa Indonesia, “langsung” means “terus (tidak dengan perantaraan, tidak berhenti, dsb)” or in English is straight (directly without intermediaries, does not
stop). The definition of “langsung” and burst into have similar message, both of
them is go or move somewhere suddenly, without intermediaries. Due to the
25
2. The Dynamic Equivalence of Idiomatic Expressions
Dynamic equivalence focuses on the naturalness of the translation. To achieve
the naturalness, the adaptations of grammar, lexicon, and of cultural references are
needed.
Data number 6
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
54/ST/SS/I/5 Mr.Dursley stood rooted to the spot. He had been hugged by a complete stranger
54/TT/BB/P/12 Mr.Dursley berdiri terpaku di tempatnya. Dia baru saja dipeluk oleh orang yang sama sekali asing.
D
According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, rooted means fixed in
one place; not moving or changing. “Terpaku” according to Kamus Besar Bahasa
Indonesia it is defined as “berdiri tidak bergerak-gerak” (not moving). The data is dynamic equivalence because rooted is not literally translated into “berakar or
berpancang”. Rooted in the context has idiomatic meaning which cannot be
translated with literal meaning so that the translator adjust the meaning of the ST
Data number 18
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
18/ST/SS/P 41
But we're not telling you what was in there, so keep your noses out if you know what's good for you.
18/ST/BB/ P/77
Tetapi kami tidak akan
memberitahukan apa yang ada di sana. Jadi, lebih baik jangan ikut campur kalau anda tahu yang terbaik untuk Anda
D
Keep your noses out based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to try not become involved in things that do not concern you. “Ikut
campur” is the synonym of “campur tangan” which based on Kamus Besar
Bahasa Indonesia means “turut mencampuri (memasuki) perkara orang lain” or in English get into others business. Both keep your noses out and “ikut campur” are
idioms so that they cannot be translated by “word-for-word”. The data has
dynamic equivalence because the translator using the adjusment “campur tangan”
to correspond the meaning of ST so that the meaning of the ST can be conveyed.
.Data number 4
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
4/ST/SS/I/1 0
But that’s no reason to lose our heads
4/TT/BB /P/18
Tapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk lupa diri
D
Lose our heads/lose one’s head in English Idioms Dictionary means to behave irrationally or to lose one’s self-control, especially in a distressing
27
sadar akan dirinya” (unconscious with her/himself). The meaning are similar
because “lupa diri” interpreted the whole message of lose our heads, to behave
irrationally is the same with nonsense, which related to “lupa diri”. The data has a
dyanamic equivalence because the lose our heads is an idiom, while the
translation in the TT is not an idiom. The ST cannot be translated with literal
meaning, so that the translator uses “lupa diri” to achieve the meaning of the ST.
Data number 26
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
26/ST/SS/ P/197
"Oh yeah, you're right," said Ron, tearing his eyes awayfrom
Professor Flitwick, who had golden bubbles
blossoming out of his wand
26/TT/BB/ P/244
“Oh yeah, kau
benar”,kata Ron dengan susah payah
mengalihkan pandangannya dari Profesor Flitwick yang membuat gelembung-gelembung emas
bermunculan dari ujung tongkatnya
D
Tearing something away in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is defined as could not stop looking at someone or something; to take something
away from somewhere. “susah payah mengalihkan pandangannya” as the
adjusment to correspond the meaning of tearing something away. The data above
has dynamic equivalence because the ST has idiomatic meaning which cannot be
translated with literal meaning. Instead of using the literal translation like
“merobek matanya” the translator uses “susah payah mengalihkan pandangannya”
“susah payah” means “sangat sukar” (much effort), therefore “susah payah
mengalihkan pandangan” means stop looking at someone with so much effort
Data number 36
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
89/ST/SS/ P/268
"Hanging around like this, people will think you're up to something. And Gryffindor
really can't afford to lose any more points, can it?"
89/TT/BB/P /333
“Kasak-kusuk” begini,orang-orang akan mengira kalian hendak berbuat sesuatu. Dan riskan sekali bagi Gryffindor kalau kehilangan angka lebih banyak lagi,kan?”
D
Hanging around based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means to wait or stay near a place, not doing very much. Hang around usually translated
into “berkeliaran” in Indonesian but in this case it becomes “kasak-kusuk”.
“Kasak-kusuk” based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means influencing
others secretly with a specific purpose (usually done by whispering). In this
context, Harry and his friends are about planning something and they are
whispering to each other so that no one can hear them but suddenly Snape turns
up. Due to the context explained above “kasak-kusuk” is more natural because it
describes the detail of the situation of the context. If it was translated into
“berkeliaran”, then the reader might think it means hanging around without any
29
Data number 22
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
22/ST/SS/171 Professor Flitwick put the class into pairs to practice. Harry's partner was Seamus Finnigan (which was a relief, because Neville had been trying to catch his eye)
22/TT/BB/P/213
Profesor Flitwick membagi mereka
berpasang-pasangan untuk berlatih. Partner Harry adalah Seamus Finnigan (dia lega, karena Neville dari tadi sudah berusaha memberi kode dengan matanya)
D
The idiom catch his (someone) eye in Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary means to attract someone’s attention. According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia “kode” means “tulisan atau tanda yang disepakati untuk maksud tertentu”. Therefore “memberi kode dengan matanya” means giving a
sign (to someone) which has same purpose to attract someone’s attention. The
data has dynamic equivalence because the translation of the ST is not using literal
meaning from the ST. By using “memberi kode dengan matanya” the meaning of
the ST is conveyed.
Data number 23
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
20/ST/SS/ I/157
Harry took out his wand in case Malfoy leapt in and started at once. The minutes crept by. "He's late, maybe he's
20/TT/BB/I/ 197
Harry
mengeluarkan tongkatnya, siapa tahu Malfoy melompat masuk
chickened out," Ron whispered.
dan langsung menyerang. “Dia terlambat, mungkin tidak berani
datang” bisik Ron.
Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, chicken out means
decide not to do something because you are afraid. In the context Harry Potter
and Ron are waiting for Malfoy, the person who they hate the most. They had
promised to come up and do the dueling wizard with Malfoy but there is no sign
that he will come. The data above has the dynamic equivalence because the
translation is not just explain about being afraid of something, but it also explain
the context in the story so that the meaning of the ST is more understandable.
Data number 29
No. Data ST No. Data TT E
29/ST/SS/218
"You've got to stand up to him, Neville!" said Ron. "He's used to walking all over people, but that's no reason to lie down in front of
him and make it easier."
29/TT/BB/271
“Kau harus berani menghadapinya, Neville!” kata Ron. “Dia terbiasa berbuat semena-mena terhadap orang lain, tetapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk
menyerah dan tidak
menyulitkannya” D
31
semena-mena” which is in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia defined as
“sewenang-wenang; tidak berimbang”. The data above has dynamic equivalence because the
ST is an idiom while the translation in TT is not an idiom. By using the word
“sewenang-wenang” the message of the ST is become understandable, it conveys
the message of ST i.e to have a person take a submissive or inferior role.
B. The Applied Strategies of Idiom Translations
One of difficulties in translating idioms is they may have no equivalent in the
target language .Idioms have various meaning that cannot be predicted meanings
and occasionally matches the way another language chooses to express the same
meanings (Baker,1992:81). In this study, the researcher was using Baker’s
strategy to determine the applied strategy in translating idiomatic expressions.
According to Baker, there are four strategies that can be used to translate idioms.
The first is by using an idiom of similar meaning and form, second is by using an
idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, third is translation by paraphrase,
and fourth is translation by omission.
The researcher classifies all the data into four strategies based on Baker’s
theories. However, the strategy of translation by omission is not found in the
research, therefore it does not listed on the chart.
The following chart is the classification of strategies applied in translating
0 2 4 6 8 10
Using an idiom of similar meaning and form
Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Translation by paraphrase
Table 2.3. The Percentage of Strategies Applied in Translating Idiomatic Expressions
Based on the data in the chart above, the strategy which is the most widely
used in translating idiomatic expressions in this research is translation by
paraphrase. From 12 data selected, there are 9 data using the strategy of
paraphrase, 2 data use an idiom of similar meeaning but dissimilar form, and 1
data uses an idiom of similar meaning and form.
The further explanation of how Baker’s theories are applied is given as
follows :
1. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form
In this translation strategy, the target language conveys the same meaning
as that of the source-language idiom and consists of equivalent lexical items.
Data number 6
No. Data ST No. Data TT S
54/ST/SS/I/5 Mr.Dursley stood rooted to the spot. He had been hugged by a complete
stranger
54/TT/BB/P/12 Mr.Dursley berdiri terpaku di tempatnya. Dia baru saja dipeluk oleh orang yang sama sekali asing.
33
Both of the data number 6 have similar meaning. According to Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, rooted means fixed in one place; not moving or changing and “terpaku” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia is defined as “berdiri
tidak bergerak-gerak”(not moving). Their forms are also similar as semi idioms
idioms, because they have one literal element and one with non-literal meaning i.e
stood as literal element and rooted as non-literal meaning as well as in the idiom “berdiri terpaku”. An idiom “berdiri terpaku” in Indonesian is from the same
origin of an English idiom stood rooted to the spot.
2. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form
In this strategy, the target language has a similar meaning to the source idiom
or expression but consists of different lexical items.
Data number 4
No.Data ST No.Data TT S
4/ST/SS/1/I/0
But that’s no reason to lose our heads
4/TT/BB/P/18
Tapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk lupa diri
2
Lose our heads/lose one’s head in English Idioms Dictionary means to behave irrationally or to lose one’s self-control, especially in a distressing
situation. “Lupa diri” based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means “tidak
sadar akan dirinya” (unconscious with her/himself). The meaning are similar
because “lupa diri” interpreted the whole message of lose our heads, to behave
them are in the dissimilar form, lose our heads is pure idiom while “lupa diri” is
literal idiom.
Data number 18
No. Data ST No. Data TT S
18/ST/SS/I/141 But we're not telling you what was in there, so keep your noses out if you know what's good for you
18/ST/BB/P/177 Tetapi kami tidak akan
memberitahukan apa yang ada di sana. Jadi, lebih baik jangan ikut campur kalau anda tahu yang terbaik untuk Anda
2
Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary the idiom keep your
noses out means to try not become involved in things that do not concern you. “Ikut campur” which is the synonim of “campur tangan” according to Kamus
Besar Bahasa Indonesia is defined as “turut mencampuri (memasuki) urusan orang lain” (being involved into someone’s business). Their meaning are similar
because they are both defined as not being involved into someone’s business.
They also have dissimilar form because keep your noses out is pure idiom (its
meaning has nothing to do with noses) while “ikut campur” is literal idiom.
3. Translation by paraphrase
This translation is often used when an equivalent cannot be found in the
target language or when it seems inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the
target text because of differences in stylistic preferences of the source and target
35
Data number 20
No. Data ST No. Data TT S
20/ST/SS/ I/157
Harry took out his wand in case Malfoy leapt in and started at once. The minutes crept by. "He's late, maybe he's chickened out," Ron whispered.
20/TT/BB/P /197
Harry mengeluarkan tongkatnya, siapa tahu Malfoy melompat masuk dan langsung menyerang. “Dia terlambat, mungkin tidak berani datang” bisik Ron.
3
Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, chicken out means decide not to do something because you are afraid. In the context, Harry Potter
and Ron are waiting for Malfoy, the person who they hate the most. They had
promised to come up and do the dueling wizard with Malfoy but there is no sign
that he will come. Therefore, to adjust the translation of the ST the translator uses
“tidak berani datang” in order to achieve the meaning of chickened out.
Data number 49
No. Data ST No. Data TT S
49/ST/SS/I/ 298
Harry lay there, lost for words. Dumbledore hummed a little and smiled at the ceiling.
49/TT/BB/ P/367
Harry terbaring diam, kehabisan kata-kata. Dumbledore
bersenandung kecil dan tersenyum ke arah langit-langit.
3
Lost for words according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is defined as to be so surprised or confused that you do not know what to say. In
to say. It used by the translator to conveys the meaning of the idiom lost for words
because the meaning is similar with the idiom, although “kehabisan kata-kata” is
not an idiom but it roughly corresponds to the the meaning of the idiom.
Data number 42
No. Data ST No. Data TT S
28/ST/SS/ P/207
He squeezed through it,holding his breath, trying not to move it, and to his relief he managed to get inside the room without their noticing anything
28/TT/B B/P/258
Dia menyelinap masuk, menahan
napas,berusaha tidak menyenggol pintu,dan betapa leganya ketika dia berhasil masuk tanpa Snape dan Filch menyadarinya
3
Holding has many meanings depends on the context. In the context above,
holding refer to keep. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary it means keep something at the same level, rate, or speed,or keep something so that it can
be used later. In the target text, “menahan” is from the word “tahan” which means
in the state of steady, and “menahan napas” means to stop breathing for a few
moments. Therefore, the translator uses “menahan napas” to correspond the
37
Data number 29
No. Data ST No.
"You've got to stand up to him, Neville!" said Ron. "He's used to walking all over people, but that's no reason to lie down in
“Kau harus berani
menghadapinya, Neville!” kata Ron. “Dia terbiasa berbuat semena-mena terhadap orang lain, tetapi itu bukan alasan bagi kita untuk menyerah dan tidak menyulitkannya”
3
According to English Idioms Dictionary, walk all over means to dominate a person or a group;to have a person take a submissive or inferior role. To
correspond the meaning of walking all over the translator uses “berbuat
semena-mena” which is in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia defined as “sewenang-wenang;
tidak berimbang”, it conveys the message of ST i.e to have a person take a
submissive or inferior role. Data number 26
No, Data ST No.
Data
TT S
26/ST/S S/I/197
"Oh yeah, you're right," said Ron, tearing his eyes awayfrom Professor Flitwick, who had golden bubbles blossoming out of his wand
26/TT/ BB/P/2 44
“Oh yeah, kau
benar”,kata Ron dengan susah payah
mengalihkan pandangannya dari Profesor Flitwick yang membuat gelembung-gelembung emas
bermunculan dari ujung tongkatnya
3
away from somewhere. The translator uses “susah payah mengalihkan
pandangannya” as the adjusment to correspond the meaning of tearing something
away. Based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, susah payah means “sangat sukar” (much effort), therefore “susah payah mengalihkan pandangan” means stop
looking at someone with so much effort which carries the same meaning of ST.
Data number 33
No. Data ST No. Data TT S
70/ST/SS/P/ 235
"Isn't he beautiful?" Hagrid murmured. He reached out a handto stroke the dragon's head.
70/TT/BB/ P/292
“Cantik,ya?” Hagrid bergumam. Dia menjulurkan tangannya untuk membelai kepala naga
3
Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, the word reach in the
context above means to stretch a hand toward something in order to touch it, pick
it up or etc. “Mengulurkan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia means to stretch a
hand to touch something. Therefore, the translator uses “menjulurkan tangannya”
to correspond the meaning of the ST.
Data number 19
No. Data ST No. Data TT S
36/ST/SS/ P/268
"Hanging around like this, people will think you're up to something. And Gryffindor
really can't afford to lose any more points, can it?"
36/TT/BB/P /333
“Kasak-kusuk begini,orang-orang akan mengira kalian hendak berbuat sesuatu. Dan riskan sekali bagi Gryffindor kalau kehilangan angka lebih banyak lagi,kan?”
