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2 2 I I C C E E T T D D 2 2 0 0 1 1 3 3

The Second International Conference On Engineering And Technology Development

28 -30 January 2013 Bandar Lampung University (UBL)

Lampung, Indonesia

P P R R O O C C E E E E D D I I N N G G S S

Organized by:

Faculty of Computer Science and Faculty of Engineering Bandar Lampung University (UBL)

Jl. Zainal Abidin Pagar Alam No.89 Labuhan Ratu, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia Phone: +62 721 36 666 25, Fax: +62 721 701 467

website :www.ubl.ac.id

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PREFACE

The Activities of the International Conference is in line and very appropriate with the vision and mission of Bandar Lampung University (UBL) to promote training and education as well as research in these areas.

On behalf of the Second International Conference on Engineering and Technology Development ( 2

nd

ICETD 2013) organizing committee, we are very pleased with the very good response especially from the keynote speaker and from the participans. It is noteworthy to point out that about 80 technical papers were received for this conference.

The participants of the conference come from many well known universities, among others : University Kebangsaan Malaysia – Malaysia, APTIKOM – Indonesia, Institut Teknologi sepuluh November – Indonesia, Surya Institute – Indonesia, International Islamic University – Malaysia, STMIK Mitra Lampung – lampung, Bandung Institut of Technology – Bandung, Lecture of The Malahayati University, B2TP – BPPT Researcher – lampung, Starch Technology Center – Lampung, Universitas Islam Indonesia – Indonesia, Politeknik Negeri Malang – Malang,University of Kitakyushu – Japan, Gadjah Mada University – Indonesia, Universitas Malahayati – Lampung, Lampung University – lampung, Starch Technology Center – Lampung, Universitas Riau – Riau, Hasanuddin University – Indonesia, Diponegoro University – Indonesia, King Abdulaziz University – Saudi Arabia, Parahyangan Catholic University – Indonesia , National Taiwan University–

Taiwan, Surakarta Christian University – Indonesia, Sugijapranata Catholic University – Indonesia, Semarang University – Indonesia, University of Brawijaya – Indonesia, PPKIA Tarakanita Rahmawati – Indonesia, Kyushu University, Fukuoka – Japan, Science and Technology Beijing – China, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember – Surabaya, Researcher of Starch Technology Center, Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro – Metro, National University of Malaysia – Malaysia.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the International Advisory Board members, sponsor and also to all keynote speakers and all participants. I am also gratefull to all organizing committee and all of the reviewers who contribute to the high standard of the conference. Also I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the Rector of Bandar Lampung University (UBL) who give us endless support to these activities, so that the conference can be administrated on time

Bandar Lampung, 29 August 2013-08-26

Mustofa Usman, Ph.D

2

nd

ICETD Chairman

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PR P RO OC CE E E E D D IN I N G G S S

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nd d IC I CE ET TD D 20 2 01 1 3 3

The Second International Conference On Engineering And Technology Development

28 -30 January 2013

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD

Y. M Barusman, Indonesia Ahmad F. Ismail, Malaysia Mustofa Usman, Indonesia Moses L. Singgih, Indonesia

Andreas Dress, Germany Faiz A.M Elfaki, Malaysia

Warsono, Indonesia Raihan Othman, Malaysia

Zeng Bing Zen, China Tjin Swee Chuan, Singapore

Khomsahrial R, Indonesia Rony Purba, Indonesia Alex Tribuana S, Indonesia Hon Wei Leong, Singapore

Imad Khamis, USA Rozlan Alias, Malaysia Rudi Irawan, Indonesia Gusri Ibrahim, Indonesia Jamal I Daoud, Malaysia

Riza Muhida, Indonesia

Heri Riyanto, Indonesia

Agus Wahyudi, Indonesia

Lilies Widojoko, Indonesia

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P P R R O O C C E E E E D D I I N N G G S S

2 2

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nd d IC I CE ET TD D 20 2 01 1 3 3

The Second International Conference On Engineering And Technology Development

28 -30 January 2013 STEERING COMMITTEE

Executive Advisors Dr. M. Yusuf S. Barusman Andala R. P. Barusman, MA.Ec

Chairman Mustofa Usman, Ph.D

Co-Chairman Dr. Ir. Hery Riyanto, MT Ahmad Cucus, S.Kom., M.Kom

Secretary

Marzuki, S.Kom., M.Kom

Maria Shusanti Febrianti, S.Kom., M.Kom

Technical Committee Indyah Kumoro, ST. IAI

Ardiansyah, ST., MT Sofiah Islamiah, ST. MT Taqwan Thamrin, ST., MSc Dina Ika Wahyuningsih, S.Kom

Agus Sukoco, M.Kom Hj. Susilowati, ST. MT Haris Murwadi, ST, MT Robby Yuli Endra, S.Kom., M.Kom

Fenty Ariani, S.Kom., M.Kom

Treasure

Samsul Bahri, SE

Dian Agustina, SE

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PR P RO OC CE E E E D D IN I N G G S S

2 2

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nd d IC I CE ET TD D 20 2 01 1 3 3

The Second International Conference On Engineering And Technology Development

28 -30 January 2013 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Chair Person Dr. Ir. Hery Riyanto, MT

Vice Chair Person

Yuthsi Aprilinda, S.Kom., M.Kom

Treasure Dian Agustina, S.E

Secretary Aprizal, ST. MT Ir. Tjejeng Sofyan, MM Ir. Muhammad Zein, MT Ir. Bambang Pratowo, MT

Special Events Ir. Juniardi, MT Ir. Indra Surya, MT

Ir. Sugito, MT

DR. Baginda Simaibang, M.Ed Berry Salatar, S.Pd

Yanuar Dwi Prasetyo, S.Pd.I., M.A

Receiptionist Ir. Najamudin, MT

Kunarto, ST. MT IB. Ilham Malik, ST. MT

Ir.A Ikhsan Karim, MT Ir. Asikin, MT Usman Rizal, ST., M.MSi

Transportation and Acomodation Irawati, SE

Desi Puspita Sari, S.E

Tanto Lailam, S.H

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Ilyas Sadad, S.T., M.T

Publication and Documentation Ir. Indriati Agustina Gultom, M.M

Noning Verawati, S.Sos Hesti, S.H Rifandi Ritonga, SH

Violita, S.I.Kom

Cosumption Dra. Yulfriwini, M.T Wiwin Susanty, S.Kom., M.Kom

Fenty Ariani, S.Kom., M.Kom Reni Nursyanti, S.Kom., M.Kom

Erlangga, S.Kom Arnes Yuli Vandika, S.Kom

Facility and Decoration Siti Rahma Wati,SE Dina Ika Wahyuningsih, S.Kom

Zainal Abidin, SE Ahyar Saleh, SE Eko Suhardiyanto

Wagino

Sugimin

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Table Of Content

Organizing Committee ... i Table Of Content ... v Keynote Speaker

1. Recent Advances in Biofuel Cell and Emerging Hybrid System

Abdul Aziz Ahmad and Raihan Othman ... 1

2. Waste Utilization Study Tailing Gold Mine in Way Linggo-Lampung, as Fine Aggregate Materials for Producing Mortar Materials based on concept of Green Technology

Lilies Widojoko & Susilawati ... 8

3. Infrastructure Health Monitoring System (SHM) Development, a Necessity for Maintance and Investigation

Prof. Dr. Priyo Suprobo, Faimun, Arie Febry ... 17

4. Four Phases Quality Function Deployment (Qfd) By Considering Kano Concept, Time And Manufacturing Cost

Prof. Dr. Moses L Singgih, Dyah L. Trenggonowati, Putu D. Karningsih .... 22

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Speaker

1. Comparative Analysis for The Multi Period Degree Minimum Spanning Tree Problem

Wamiliana, Amanto, and Mustofa Usman ... 39

2. Choosing The Right Software In Supporting The Successful of Enterprise ERP Implementation

Yodhie Yuniarthe, Idris Asmuni ... 44

3. Climate Adaptive Technology In Maintaining Vernacularism Of Urban Kampong Case study: KampungAdat (Indiginous) Mahmud, Bandung District,West Java Marcus Gartiwa ... 50

4. The Prospect Of Diesohol In Facing Fossil Fuel Crissis

M.C. Tri Atmodjo ... 63

5. The Potential Of Agriculture And Forestry Biomass Wastes As Source Of Bioenergy

Hardoyo ... 66

6. The Importance of Education Facility as Sustainable Urban Generation Tool Fritz Akhmad Nuzir, Haris Murwadi and Bart Julien Dewancker ... 71

7. The implementation of Secton Method for Solving Systems of Non Linear Equations

Nur Rokhman ... 80

8. Quality Control Analysis Into Decrease The Level Defects On Coffee Product Heri Wibowo, Sulastri and Emy Khikmawati ... 85

9. Public Transportion Crisis In Bandar Lampung

Ida Bagus Ilham Malik ... 89

10. Geospatial Analysis of Land Use Change in Way Kuripan Watershed, Bandar Lampung City

Candra Hakim Van Rafi‘i1., Dyah Indriana Kusumastuti2., Dwi Jokowinarno ... 99

11. Material Utilization Technology Of Agriculture And Forestry Waste

Hardoyo ... 105

12. The Supply Chain System Of Cassava On The Tapioca Industry

Hardoyo ... 108

13. Glass Technology In Natural Light Glasses On Aperture Element In The Architecture World

Muhammad Rija & MT Pedia Aldy ... 113

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14. An Eksperimental Permeable Asphalt Pavement Using Local Material Domato Stone On Quality Of Porous Asphalt

Firdaus Chairuddin, Wihardi Tjaronge, Muhammad Ramli, Johannes Patanduk ... 117

15. Coordination Of Architectural Concepts And Construction Systems

Eddy Hermanto. ... 129

16. Seismic Assessment of RC Building Using Pushover Analysis

Riza Ainul Hakim. ... 136

17. Viscosity and Liquidity Index Relation for Elucidating Mudflow Behavior Budijanto Widjaja and Shannon Hsien-Heng Lee. ... 143

18. The Use of Pozzolanic Material for Improving Quality of Strontium Liquid Waste Cementation in Saline Environment during Nuclear Waste Immobilization Process

Muhammad Yusuf, HayuTyasUtami, Tri SulistiyoHariNugroho,

SusetyoHarioPutero ... 148

19. Geospatial Analysis Of Land Use And Land Cover Changes For Discharge At Way Kualagaruntang Watershed In Bandar Lampung

Fieni Yuniarti, Dyah Indriana K, Dwi Joko Winarno. ... 153

20. Wifi Network Design For High Performance

Heru Nurwarsito, , KasyfulAmron,BektiWidyaningsih ... 161

21. Studi on The Efficiency Using Nature Materials in The Structural Elements of Reinforced Concrete Beam

Yasser , Herman Parung , M. Wihardi Tjaronge, Rudy Djamaluddin... 167

22. The Research Of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Applied In Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum) For Green Energy Bioethanol

M.C. Tri Atmodjo, Agus Eko T. Nurul Rusdi, Sigit Setiadi, and Rina. ... 179

23. Energy Utilization Technology Of Agriculture And Forestry Waste

Hardoyo. ... 185

24. Implementation Of Fuzzy Inference System With Tsukamoto Method For Study Programme Selection

Fenty Ariani and Robby Yuli Endra. ... 189

25. The Analysis of Video Conference With ITU Standarization (International Telecommunication Union) That Joining in Inherent At Bandar Lampung University

Maria Shusanti F, Happy Reksa ... 201

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26. The E-internal audit iso 9001:2008 based on accreditation form assessment matrix in study program for effectiveness of monitoring accreditation

Marzuki, Maria Shusanti F.. ... 207

27. The Developing Of e-Consultations For Effectiveness of Mentoring Academy Ahmad Cucus, Endang K ... 214

28. The Evaluation of information system performance in higher education case study with EUCS model at bandar lampung university

Reni Nursyanti, Erlangga. ... 221

29. The Analysis Of History Collection System Based On AndroidSmartphone With Qr Code Using Qr CodeCase Study: Museum Lampung

Usman Rizal, Wiwin Susanty, Sutrisno. ... 230

30. Application of Complaint Handling by Approach Model of ISO 10002 : 2004 to Increase Complaint Services

Agus Sukoco and Yuthsi Aprilinda. ... 235

31. Towards Indonesian Cloud Campus

Taqwan Thamrin, Iing Lukman, Dina Ika Wahyuningsih ... 252

32. Bridging Router to ADSL Modem for Stability Network Connection

Arnes Yuli Vandika and Ruri Koesliandana. ... 257

33. The Effect of Use Styrofoam for Flexural Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Beams

Yasser , Herman Parung, M. Wihardi Tjaronge, Rudy Djamaluddin ... 261

34. The Estimation Of Bioethanol Yield From Some Cassava Variety

M.C. Tri Atmodjo ... 273

35. Effect of Superficial Velocity of Pressure Difference on The Separation of Oil And Water by Using The T-Pipe Junctionl

Kms. Ridhuan and Indarto... 277

36. The use of CRM for Customer Management at Cellular Telecommunications Industry

Ayu Kartika Puspa. ... 293

37. Indonesian Puslit (Centre Of IT Solution) Website Analysis Using Webqual For Measuring Website Quality

Maria Shusanti Febrianti and Nurhayati. ... 297

38. The E-internal audit iso 9001:2008 based on accreditation form assessment matrix in study program for effectiveness of monitoring accreditation

Marzuki, Maria Shusanti F. ... 307

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39. Enhancing Quality Software Through CMMI-ISO 9001:2008and ISO 9126 Agus Sukoco ... 320

40. Value Analysis Of Passenger Car Equivalent Motorcycle (Case Study Kartini Road Bandar Lampung)

Juniardi, Aflah Efendi ... 337

41. Alternative Analysis Of Flood Control Downstream Of Way Sekampung River Sugito, Maulana Febramsyah. ... 347

42. Analysis Of Fitness Facilities And Effective Use Of Crossing Road

Juniardi, Edi Haryanto. ... 353

43. Study On Regional Development Work Environment Panjang Port Lands In Support Bandar Lampung City As A Service And Trade

Ir. A. Karim Iksan, MT, Yohn Ferry. ... 359

44. Analytical And Experimental Study Bamboo Beam Concrete

Hery Riyanto, Sugito, Juli ... 370

45. Comparative Analysis Of Load Factor Method Static And Dynamic Method (Case Study Akdp Bus Route Rajabasa - Bakauheni)

A. Ikhsan Karim, MT., Ahmad Zulkily. ... 378

46. Optimization Utilization Of Water Resourcesdam Batutegi Using Method Of Linear Program

Aprizal,HeryFitriyansyah ... 386

47. Characteristics Generation Traffic Patterns And Movement In Residential Area (Case Study Way Kandis Residential Bandar Lampung)

Fery Hendi Jaya, Juniardi, ... 392

48. Use Study On Slight Beam Reinforced Concrete Floor Platein Lieu Of Scondary Beam

Hery Riyanto, Sugito, Lilies Widodjoko, Sjamsu Iskandar ... 399

49. Observation Of The Effect Of Static Magnetic Field 0.1 Mt On A-Amylase Activity In Legume Germination

Rochmah Agustrina, Tundjung T. Handayani, and Sumardi. ... 405

50. Effectiveness Analysis Of Applications Netsupport School 10 Based Iso / Iec 9126-4 Metrics Effectiveness

Ahmad Cucus, Nelcy Novelia ... 413

51. Omparative Performance Analysis Of Banking For Implementing Internet Banking

Reza Kurniawan ... 418

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148

The Use of Pozzolanic Material for Improving Quality of Strontium Liquid Waste Cementation in Saline Environment during Nuclear

Waste Immobilization Process

Muhammad Yusuf#1, HayuTyasUtami*2, Tri SulistiyoHariNugroho**3, SusetyoHarioPutero**4

#Department of Nuclear Engineering, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

1myusufprajogo@gmail.com

*Department of Radiation Biotechnology & Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology

Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea

2hayu.tyas@gmail.com

**Department of Physic Engineering, UniversitasGadjahMada Yogyakarta, Indonesia

3tri88.nugroho@yahoo.com

4susetyo@ugm.ac.id

Abstract-This research was conducted to study the use of artificial pozzolanic material (portlandpozzolana cement or PPC) and natural pozzolanic material (fly ash) to improve quality of strontium liquid waste cementation in saline environment during nuclear waste immobilization process. The portland cement was mixed with 10 v/0 strontium liquid waste (water containing 65 ppm Sr(II)), 0.3 water-cement ratios (w/c), 20 v/0 fly ash, -40 mesh to - 60 mesh sand. Similar process was performed using commercial portlandpozzolana cement (PPC). Compressive strength test after cured the block cements for 28 days was performed using pressing machine. To study leaching rate test, 10 ml contaminated saline water was sampled from immersion of cement block with 1 liter saline water for 21 days. Hitachi Zeeman 8000 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing leaching rate test. All cement blocks showed the results above than 2.5 N/mm2 of IAEA standard during strength test. The fly ash showed 103-105% higher strength test than commercial PPC in all grain size. But the fly ash showed 4-5% less durable during leaching rate than commercial PPC during 21 days immersion. All the cement blocks showed the results above than IAEA standard during leaching rate test. The addition of natural pozzolanic material (fly ash) could improve the strength of strontium liquid waste cementation. In other hand, the artificial pozzolanic material could improve the durability from leaching rate of strontium liquid waste cementation..

Keywords-Cementation, fly ash, leaching rate, Portland pozzolana cement, pozzolanic material, strength test.

I. INTRODUCTION

Radioactive waste generally was sorted based on the physical form and level of activity. In Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, large amounts of volatile radionuclides were released into the environment, one of them was stronsium-90 [1,2]. Stronsium-90 was one of the major of radionuclide in spent nuclear fuel (SNF), high-level radioactive

wastes (HLW) resulting from SNF reprocessing and radioactive wastes associated with the operation of reactors and fuel reprocessing plants [3]. It is considered among the potentially most hazardous of the products of nuclear fission because of its moderately long half-life (29.1 years) and its relatively high yield (6%) in the fission process.

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149 Besides, it is also highly water-soluble [2].

Therefore, immobilization of the strontium liquid waste is important because it protects the waste from migration and dispersion to the environment. Cementation is one of the immobilization process that has met acceptance in many countries and has been considered, because of its low cost, high density, durability and amenability to simple processing techniques [4]. Some requirements are needed for concrete resulted from the cementation process based on IAEA [4]: density: 1.70~2.50 g/cm3, compressive strength: 20~50 N/mm2, compressive strength after waste loading: 2.5 N/mm2, leaching rate (Rn):

1.70 x 10-1~2.50 x 10-4 g/cm2.days, dose rate in contact surface: 2 mSv/hr, dose rate at 1 meter from contact surface: <

0.10 mSv/hr, dose rate outside of interim storage: 0.005 mSv/hr.

In addition, the Russian Federation standard requires higher compressive strength than IAEA standard (5 N/mm2) [3].

Cement could be for substituting Portland cement was the Pozzolan cement (PC). Usually the presence of pozzolan on the Portland cement will give low initial compressive strength. The power will eventually exceed the concrete compressive strength of Portland cement type 1 as Portland pozzolanic cement (PPC) [6]. Besides of PPC, many other materials had potential pozzolanic activities, one of them was fly ash.

Generally, fly ash produced from combustion of pulverized coal. Fly ash was blended with cement had an appropriate granulometry, were free from deleterious impurities and sufficiently reactive with cement to reach minimum standards of strength gain. However, fly ashes met these criteria embraced a wide range of compositions and crystallinity and, at long ages, after reaction, may confer a wide range of properties on the resulting cement matrix, especially when used at high replacement levels [7].

This research was conducted to study the use of natural pozzolanic material (fly ash) and artificial pozzolanic material (portlandpozzolan cement or PPC) to improve quality of strontium liquid waste cementation in saline environment during nuclear waste immobilization process.

II. METHODS

Natural pozzolanic material in 20v/0 fly ash was mixed with portland cement and artificial pozzolanic material was performed using portlandpozzolana cement (PPC). Each cement was mixed with 10 v/0 strontium liquid waste (water containing 65 ppm Sr(II)), 0.3 water- cement ratios (w/c), sand with grain size of -40 mesh, -50 mesh and -60 mesh. And all cement blocks were cured for 28 days.

Compressive strength after cured the cement blocks for 28 days was performed using pressing machine which had capacity up to 200 kN.

To study leaching rate test, cement blocks were immersed in saline water from mixing 1 liter of distillated water with 35 grams of NaCl (represented as simulation sea water with 3.5 % salinity [8]). 10 ml contaminated water was sampled from the immersion at day 2,3,4,5,6,12,18,21. Hitachi Zeeman 8000 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the strontium contents in contaminated water during leaching rate test. The leaching rate of strontium was calculated using Eq. 1.

𝑅 =𝐴𝑡

𝐴0× 𝑊0

𝑆×𝑡 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑐𝑚2.𝑑𝑎𝑦 (1)

where 𝑅 was leaching rate (g.cm-

2.day-1), 𝐴𝑡was leached activity at 𝑡 time (Ci), 𝐴0 was initial activity (Ci), 𝑊0was mass of cement block (gram), 𝑆 was surface are of cement block (cm2), and 𝑡 was leaching time.

III. RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONS

The result of compressive strength test from different type of pozzolanic materials was shown in Fig. 1.

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150 Fig. 17 Compressive strength test

between natural pozzolanic material and artificial pozzolanic material

All the results showed above than 2.5 N/mm2 of IAEA standard during test.

Linearity showed during increasing of grain size. Because the grain size was played role for cement matrix workability and quality of hardening itself. When the grain size became smaller, the sand became rougher and made workability became harder that could decrease the compressive strength of cement block.

By increasing the grain size, could increase the compressive strength of cement block. Because increasing the grain size will enlarge the interaction area of sand and cement adhesive. Cement adhesive will fill the airspaces uniformly and bonded the grains perfectly. Thus will increase the compressive strength of cement block [9].

The addition of pozzolanic material through cement will increase bonding time and decrease the strength of cement matrix during early process as follow reaction:

𝐶𝑎 𝑂𝐻 2+ 𝑆𝑖𝑂2→ 𝐶𝑆𝐻(1)

The reaction of SiO2 from pozzolanic material with Ca(OH)2formed CSH (tobermorite) for hardening cement matrix. But in the end, after became cement block, the strength of cement block will increase significantly and higher than normal cement block [10,11,12]. No difference significant (3- 5%) was shown between adding natural pozzolanic material and artificial pozzolanic material. Although natural pozzolanic material contained more than artificial pozzolanic material that be

shown in table 1, the duration for hardening required 90 days to be completely homogeneous [11]. So during 28 days, the compressive strength test obtained similar result between each other. Although incompletely hardening, the results still higher than standard IAEA.

TABLEIV

MINERAL COMPOUNDS IN DIFFERENCE POZZOLANIC MATERIALS

Leaching rate test was conducted to evaluate the safety of liquid waste cementation in saline environment during nuclear waste immobilization process.

Natural pozzolanic material showed higher than artificial pozzolanic material in Fig 2.

Fig. 2 Leaching test rate between natural pozzolanic material

and artificial pozzolanic material

There are two reasons behind this.

First, in saline environment, mineral compound will be more aggressive and reactive to cement matrix compounds. So it will trigger the reaction between both and create corrosion for long time.

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151 Corrosion due to penetration of sodium chloride through the airspace of cement matrix followed reaction [13]:

2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐶𝑎 𝑂𝐻 2→ 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2+

4𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 (2)

𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2+ 3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3. 𝑛𝐻2𝑂 →

3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3. 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2. 𝑛𝐻2𝑂 (3)

Then CaCl2 reacted with 3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3. 𝑛𝐻2𝑂 and obtained 3𝐶𝑎𝑂. 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3. 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2. 𝑛𝐻2𝑂(Chloro aluminate). Chloro aluminate will expand cement block until exceed the origin form.

The expansion will create crack then create porous through inside of cement block. Accumulate porous will make the cement block became fragile. When it was fragile, the strontium will easily release and mix with the saline water.

Second, the content of Na2O in difference pozzolanic materials as described in Table 1 above.Na2O reacted with water followed:

𝑁𝑎2𝑂 + 𝐻2𝑂 → 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻(4) Strontium is easily soluble into NaOH and KOH [14]. Therefore, theincreasing of Na2O affected rapid dissolving of strontium through the leachate liquid. Although natural pozzolanic material higher than artificial pozzolanic material, after 21 days, both strontium leaching ratesweremet the IAEA standard (10-2~ 10-3 g/cm2.days).

IV. CONCLUSIONS

All cement blocks showed the results above than 2.5 N/mm2 of IAEA standard during strength test. The natural pozzolanic material showed 103-105%

higher strength test than artificial pozzolanic material in all grain size. But the natural pozzolanic material showed 4- 5% less durable during leaching rate than artificial pozzolanic material during 21 days immersion. All the cement blocks showed the results above than IAEA standard during leaching rate test.

Both pozzolanic materials could be applied as alternative methods for liquid strontium cementation in saline environment.

V. ACKNOLEDGMENTS

The authors gratefully

acknowledge to

EdySeptriyanto&YusrinaDesiIrawati, who had big contribution for data processing. And to all our big members of waste cementation team for tireless helping us during finishing this paper.

Also we would like to thank the support of the Department of Engineering Physics, UniversitasGadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

VI. REFERENCES

12. Environmental Protection Agency USA EPA. Facts About Strontium- 90. 2002

13. Georg Steinhauser, Viktoria Schauer2 and Katsumi Shozugawa.

Concentration of Strontium-90 at Selected Hot Spots in Japan. PlosOne March 2013 ; Volume 8-Issue 3- e57760

14. Ojovan, M. I. and Lee, W. E. An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation. Oxford: Elsevier Inc.; 2005

15. K. Sakr, M. S. Sayed, and M. B.

Hafez. Immobilization of radioactive waste in mixture of cement, clay and polymer. Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry Volume 256, Issue 2, pp 179-184. 2003

16. Poernomo, H., RaharjodanSupardi.

PengaruhNatriumSilikatTerhadapSe mentasiLimbah Uranium yang Mengandung Ammonium Flourida.

ProsidingPertemuandanPresentasiIlm iahPenelitianDasarIlmuPengetahuand anTeknologiNuklir 1995: 340-345.

17. HerryPoernomo. Preliminary Study Of The Utilization Of The Fly Ash From Coal-Fired Power Plant For Immobilization Of Radioactive Waste. Indo. J. Chem., 2011, 11 (3), 258 – 266

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152 18. F.P.Glasser. Application of Inorganic

Cements to the Conditioning and Immobilisation of Radioactive Wastes. IAEA Review of Cements;

version 3.

19. Frienky Eleven.

PengaruhVariasiJenisBahanPengisid anKonsentrasiLimbahpadaSementasi

LimbahRadioaktif di

LingkunganBergaram. Skripsi, JurusanTeknikFisika,

FakultasTeknik,

UniversitasGadjahMada, Yogyakarta, 2009.

20. Anonim/R0132. TeknologiBahan.

Diktat, JurusanTeknikSipil, FakultasTeknik,

UniversitasGadjahMada, Yogyakarta, 2009.

21. FandhiHernando.

PerencanaanCampuranBetonMutuTi nggidenganPenambahanSuperplastici zerdanPengaruhPenggantianSebagian Semen dengan Fly Ash. Skripsi, JurusanTeknikSipil, FakultasTeknik, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 2009.

22. PrinyaChindaprasirt, Chai Jaturapitakkul, TheerawatSinsiri.

Effect of Fly Ash Fineness on Microstructure of Blended Cement Paste. Journal. Construction and Building Materials 2007; 21: 1534 1541.

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