AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH MADE BY TWELFTH YEAR STUDENTS OF HOSPITALITY ACCOMMODATION PROGRAM, SMK RAKSANA 2 MEDAN
A THESIS
BY
RASINGAN SURANTA PURBA REG. NO. 100705053
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH MADE TWELFTH YEAR STUDENTS OF HOSPITALITY ACCOMODATION PROGRAM, SMK RAKSANA 2 MEDAN
A THESIS
BY
RASINGAN SURANTA PURBA REG. NO. 100705053
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M. Ed.TESOL
NIP. 195708031984041004 NIP. 196107031986011001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D NIP. 195411171980031002 NIP. 197502092008121002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillments of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday, August 27, 2015.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.195110131976031001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA ……….
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S ……….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D ……….
Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL ……….
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, RASINGAN SURANTA PURBA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : RASINGAN SURANTA PURBA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH MADE BY TWELFTH YEAR STUDENTS OF HOSPITALITY ACCOMODATION PROGRAM, SMK RAKSANA 2 MEDAN
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to praise and give the greatest honor to the
Heavently Father the Almighty God in the name of Jesus Christ who has always
given His blessing in completing this thesis.
In this opportunity, the writer would like to express his high appreciation to Dr.
H. Syahron Lubis, MA, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies and his Supervisor,
Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL, and his Co-Supervisor, Drs. Yulianus Harefa,
M. Ed. TESOL for their helps, advises, and for their details comments. The writer
also thanks Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S the Head of English Department, and
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D as the Secretary of English Department who have
given him facilities and opportunities in doing this thesis.
The writer wants to thank the Headmaster of SMK Swasta Raksana 2 Medan,
Drs. Safarudin, the English teacher of SMK Raksana 2 Medan, Olanda Theresia
Sianturi, S. Pd and also the twelfth year students of Hospitality Accomodation
Program in SMK Raksana 2 Medan who have supported him to complete the thesis
especially while doing the research in SMK Raksana 2 Medan.
The writer thanks to his parents Ir. K. Purba and K. br Sembiring who always
support him to finish his study. He also thanks to his sisters: Erina Sari br Purba,
S.Pi., Decy Handayani Sinarta br Purba, S.Pd., and Bali Ulina br Purba that always
pray and support him.
The writer never forgets to thank his friends: Ayu Pangaribuan, S.S, Ivo Silalahi,
S.S., Pandu Winata Lase, Martin Marbun, Jason Sinulingga, S.S., Atika Akhmar,
S.S., Gratcia Deviana Sinabutar, S.S., Siti Rosmadiana, S.S., Yanri Veranika Alfiana
Hailitik, A.Md., Mutiara Niken Nasution, S.M. and Puspita Sari, A.Md.,who always
delivered to his dear loving friends of batch 2010 in English Department who had
been being with him in 5 years his life in campus.
Thank so much may God bless them all.
Medan, September 2015
The Writer,
ABSTRAK
Skripsi berjudul “An Error Analysis in Using Direct and Indirect Speech Made by Twelfth Year Students of Hospitality Accomodation Program, SMK Raksana 2 Medan” merupakan suatu analisis tentang jenis-jenis kesalahan dan penyebab-penyebab kesalahan yang ditemukan dalam penggunaan kalimat langsung dan kalimat tidak langsung oleh siswa kelas duabelas jurusan akomodasi perhotelan di SMK Raksana 2 Medan. Landasan teori-teori yang dipakai adalah teori Jack Richard (1974) yang menjelaskan tentang jenis-jenis kesalahan (kinds of error) dan teori Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1973) yang menjelaskan tentang penyebab-penyebab terjadinya kesalahan (causes of error). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan para siswa/i kelas duabelas jurusan akomodasi perhotelan dalam menggunakan kalimat langsung dan kalimat tidak langsung. Adapun objek penelitian dari skripsi ini adalah diambil dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang telah dijawab oleh para siswa. Hasil penemuan dari analisis jenis kesalahan ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat 12.15% omission, 10.24 % addition, 73.16% misinformation, dan 3.99% misordering. Analisis tentang penyebab kesalahan meyatakan bahwa terdapat 8.68% overgeneralization, 14.23% ignorance of rule restriction, 12.15% incomplete of rule restriction, dan 64.93% false concept hypothesis. Berdasarkan data diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa misinformation (73.16%) sebagai jenis kesalahan dominan dan false concept hypothesis (64.93%) sebagai penyebab kesalahan dominan.
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “An Error Analysis in Using Direct and Indirect Speech Made by Twelfth Year Students of Hospitality Accomodation Program, SMK Raksana 2 Medan” is an analysis about the kinds of error and causes of error which found in the using of direct and direct speech made by the twelfth year students of hospitality accommodation program in SMK Raksana 2 Medan. It used the Jack Richard (1974) theory which explained about kinds of error and Dulay, Burt, and Krashen’s (1973) theory which explained about causes of error. This research used qualitative method. Aim of this study is to measure the ability of the twelfth year students of hospitality accommodation program in using direct and indirect speech. The object of the study in the discussion of this thesis is taken from the questions which are given to the students. The findings of kinds of error there were 12.15% omission, 10.24 % addition, 73.16% misinformation, and 3.99% misordering. The causes of error shown 8.68% overgeneralization, 14.23% ignorance of rule restriction, 12.15% incomplete of rule restriction, and 64.93% false concept hypothesis. Based on the data above, the writer concluded that the dominant kinds of error was misinformation (73.16%) and the dominant causes of error was false concept hypothesis (64.93%).
TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR DECLARATION………..i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION………..ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………iii ABSTRAK………...v ABSTRACT………vi
TABLE OF CONTENT………...vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study………...1
1.2 Problem of the Study………..……… ………...3
1.3 Objective of the Study………..4
1.4 Scope of the Study………...……...4
1.5 Significance of the Study………..5
CHAPTER II RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Previous Studies………6
2.2 Direct Speech………...………...8
2.2.1 Tenses……….………12
2.2.2 Punctuation………..………...14
2.2.3 Rules in Quoting Direct Speech………...…..16
2.3 Indirect Speech………...………20
2.3.1 The Changes of Sentence Structure………....21
2.3.3 The Changes of Personal Pronouns………25
2.3.4 The Changes of Adverbs……….27
2.4 Error Analysis……….29
2.4.1 The Difference of Error and Mistake………..29
2.4.2 Error and Error Analysis……….30
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design………..36
3.2 Population and Sample...………36
3.3 Analysis Instruments...………. ...37
3.4 Data Collection………...………37
3.5 Data Analysis………..………...38
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Description of Data………...40
4.2 Data Analysis………...…………...41
4.2.1 Describing the Errors………..41
4.2.2 Types of Errors………...…...42
4.2.3 The Dominant Types of Errors………...48
4.2.4 The Dominant Causes of Errors………...49
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions……..………..50
