PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL TEH HITAM TERHADAP JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PADA MENCIT
YANG DIINDUKSI HEPARIN
Abstrak
Trombositopenia adalah suatu keadaan dimana jumlah trombosit darah kurang dari 150.000/m3
Penelitian ini meliputi pembuatan ekstrak etanol teh hitam dengan cara maserasi, karakterisasi dan skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol teh hitam, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian ekstrak etanol teh hitam terhadap jumlah tombosit pada mencit yang diinduksi heparin. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat kelompok mencit, yaitu kelompok kontrol (P
. Teh hitam merupakan daun teh yang mengalami fermentasi dan banyak mengandung senyawa yang bermanfaat, diantaranya kuersertin dan tanin. Kuersetin dan tanin dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan proliferasi dan diferensiasi megakariosit dalam sumsum tulang, sehingga dapat meningkatkan jumlah trombosit.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakterisasi dan golongang senyawa kimia dari simplisia dan ekstrak etanol teh hitam, serta untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak etanol teh hitam terhadap jumlah trombosit pada mencit yang diinduksi heparin.
0) dan kelompok perlakuan
P1, P2, dan P3. Kelompok P0 diberi CMC Na 1% bb secara oral. Kelompok P1
diberi heparin 270 unit/kg bb dan CMC Na 1% bb. Kelompok P2 diberi heparin
270 unit/kg bb dan ekstrak etanol teh hitam 100 mg/kg bb. Kelompok P3
Dari hasil karakterisasi simplisia teh hitam diperoleh kadar air 8,65%, kadar sari larut air 10,16%, kadar sari larut etanol 19,29%, kadar abi total 5,19%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,37%. Sedangkan hasil karakterisasi ekstrak etanol teh hitam diperoleh kadar air 10,6%, kadar sari larut air 14,11%, kadar sari larut etanol 79,53%, kadar abu total 1,92% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,37%. Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol teh hitam menunjukkan adanya kandungan bioaktif senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, steroid dan glikosida. Hasil analisis secara statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok P
diberi heparin 270 unit/kg bb dan ekstrak etanol teh hitam 200 mg/kg. Heparin diberikan secara subkutan, sedangkan ekstrak etanol teh hitam diberikan secara oral. Setelah 24 jam pemberian, jumlah trombosit darah dihitung menggunakan alat hemositometer. Hasil perhitungan ini kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan program SPSS.
0 dengan P1 (p = 0,00), P1 dengan P2 (p = 0,00) dan
P1 dengan P3 (p = 0,00). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, pemberian ekstrak etanol teh
hitam 100 mg/kg bb dan 200 mg/kg bb dapat meningkatkan jumlah trombosit pada mencit yang diinduksi heparin.
Kata kunci: ekstrak etanol, teh hitam, trombosit, induksi, heparin.
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BLACK TEA ON THE THROMBOCYT COUNT OF MICE WHICH INDUCED
BY HEPARIN
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a condition when blood platelet count is less than 150,000/mm3. Black tea is the fermentated tea leaves and contain a lot of compound which is good for health, such as quercertin and tannin. Quercetin and tannin was reported could increased the proliferation and differentiation of megakariocyt in bone marrow, so it can increase the thrombocyt count . The aim of this study was to determined the characterization, class of chemical compounds of the botanicals and the ethanol extract of black tea and to finded out the effect of the ethanol extract of the black tea on the platelets count of mice which induced by heparin.
This study involved the preparation of the ethanol extract of the black tea using maseratiom methode, characterization, phytochemical screening of botanicals and extracts, then continued by the test of the effect of ethanol extract of the black tea on the platelet count of mice which induced by heparin. This study used four group of mice, they are the control group (P0) and the treatment
groups P1, P2, and P3. P0 was given CMC Na 1% bw orally. P1 was given heparin
270 unit/kg bw and CMC Na 1% bw. P2 was given heparin 270 unit/ kg bw and
100mg/kg bw ethanol extract of the black tea. P3 was given heparin 270 unit/kg
bw and 200 mg/kg bw ethanol extract of the black tea. Heparin was injected subcutanneus, while the extract was given peroral. After 24 hours of treatment, the amount of the platelet were counted using hemositometer. Then, the result was being analysed statistically using the SPSS program.
Botanicals characterization of black tea derived water content 8.64%, the level of water soluble extract 10.16%, the level of ethanol soluble extract 19.29%, total ash content 5.19%, and the acid insoluble ash content 0.37%. While the extract characterizaton result water content 10.6%, the level of water soluble extract 14.11%, the level of ethanol soluble extract 79.53%, total ash content 1.92%, and the acid insoluble ash content 0.37%. The results of botanicals and ethanol extract of black tea phytochemical screening showed there were bioactive compounds classified as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, steroid dan glycosides. The result of the statistical analyze showed that there was significantly different between P0 and P1 (p = 0.00), P1 and P2 (p = 0.00), P1 and P3 (p = 0.00). Based
on the result, giving ethanol extract of the black tea 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw can increased the amount of the platelet of mice which induced by heparin.
Key words: ethanol extract, black tea, thrombocyt,induced, heparin.
