IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BAYU DI INDONESIA

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IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGKIT

LISTRIK TENAGA BAYU

DI INDONESIA

Soeripno MS

WHyPGen B2TE- UNDP , Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong Gd. 620 Cisauk Tangerang Selatan 15314

ripnoms@whypgen-bppt.com, www.whypgen-bppt.com

INTERNAL Workshop – PERTAMINA

Jakarta , 13 MEI , 2015

1

OUT LINES

Tahapan Penelitian , Pengembangan dan Pemanfaatan Energi Angin

Energi Angin

1. Penelitian Potensi

A. Studi Bangku B. Pemilihan Lokasi C. Pemilihan Alat Ukur D. Monev dan Laporan

2 M /M ilih T k l i PLTB 2. Merancang /Memilih Teknologi PLTB 3. Study Kelayakan Wind Farm

4. Perijinan 5. Penutup

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K

ONFIGURASI

IMPLEMENTASI PLTB

Sistem Konfigurasi

Stand alone systemsy consist of several units of small

scale WECS (up to 10 kW installed capacity per unit) provided with battery banks as a storage subsystems and inverters, depend on the user requirement.

Hybrid system with other source and combined with

diesel generating sets as back-up. Main function of generating sets is to take over the supply of electricity during low wind speed.

Grid Interconnection system, the system can

parallel be interconnected to the existing grid or into the power generating using generating sets.

3 TAHAPAN PENELITIAN & PEMANFAATAN

ENERGI ANGIN

Data

Angin Design –Prototipe /

Desain Pemanfaatan

Pemanfaatan SKEA

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• Geostrophic pressure differences • Temperature

• Roughness • Obstacles

A

PAPA SAJASAJA YANGYANG MEMPENGARUHIMEMPENGARUHI ANGINANGIN

??

upwin

• Obstacles • Orography

sea beach grass trees hills woods buildings cities valleys & mountains

Wind from sea

thermal s

upwin d

55 ANALISA SUMBER DAYA ANGIN

 Parameter utama potensi anginp g  Kecepatan angin

 Arah angin

 Distribusi Frekuensi kecepatan dan arah angin  Data Iklim Angin

 Data Pendukung lokasi potensi angin P t V kt

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 Peta Vektor

 Peta Tutupan Lahan dan Penggunaan Lahan  Wind Shear

 Intensitas Turbulensi Angin

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Peralatan Ukur

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Peralatan Ukur

Potensi Angin

Higher performance Betz Limit

Karakteristik Desain Turbin Angin

Lower noise

59.3%

- Jumlah sudu banyak >> putaran rendah, torsi tinggi

- Jumlah sudu sedikit >> putaran semakin tinggi , torsi semakin rendah - Jumlah sudu 3 bilah >> yang optimal secara teknis dan ekonomis

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Teknologi

Teknologi Sistem

Sistem Konversi

Konversi Energi

Energi Angin

Angin

(SKEA)

Komponen

Komponen UtamaUtama : : 1. Rotor ( naf dan sudu ) 2. Generator /alternator 3. Sistem Aorientasi arah 4. Tower / menara 5. Pumpa (mechanical / electrical)

SKEA Mekanik SKEA Elektrik

6. Sistem kontrol 7. Pondasi

9 PENGEMBANGAN WIND

FARM

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T F LOW C HART G Y D EVELO P MEN T W IND E NE R G 11

Technical and Commercial

Consideration Environmental Consideration Dialoge / Consultation

Phase

1

Site Selection

Dset based stdies covering wind resource, electrical connection, access requirements, site capacity and site ownership

Intitial environmental analysis covering planning framework, landscape classification, visual effects ecology, archaelogy , recreation and telecommunications

Preliminary consultation, local planning authority and major consultees

et Technical and Commercial_{Consideration} Environmental Consideration Dialoge / Consultation

Phase

1

Site Selection

Dset based stdies covering wind resource, electrical connection, access requirements, site capacity and site ownership

Intitial environmental analysis covering planning framework, landscape classification, visual effects ecology, archaelogy , recreation and

telecommunications

Preliminary consultation, local planning authority and major consultees Phase

2

Project Feasibilit y

On site survey covering wind resource, existing land use, site access ground conditions, electrical connection and draft design

Agreement with lcal planning authority the

scope of the environmental assessment to be conducted in phase 3 Start od public consultation, introduction of project to local community and interest groups Phase

2

Project Feasibilit y

On site survey covering wind resource, existing land use, site access ground conditions, electrical connection and draft design

Agreement with lcal planning authority the scope of the environmental assessment to be conducted in phase 3 Start od public consultation, introduction of project to local community and interest groups 12 Phase

2

Project Feasibilit y Phase

3

Detail Assessme nt Continuing assessment covering wind resource monitoring and economic viability

Preparation of statutory environmental aseessment (if required by local planning authority)

Continuing consultation local planning authority, statutory consultees, local community and other interest groups

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Technical and Commercial

Consideration Environmental Consideration Dialoge / Consultation

Phase

4

Planning Aplication

Submission of planning application and environmental statement (if required by local planning authority) Phase

5

Construction Site management policy Adoption of environmental Management plan. Implementation of planning condition and agreement

Contiuning information provision by developer. Consideration given to formulation of community leson group Phase

6

Continuing environmental

monitoring of wind energy Implementationprogramme for respondingof

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6

Operation project which should provideinformation for further project to inquires to operation ofprject

Phase

7

Removal of turbins and associated equipment Land reinstatement

GAMBARAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK LOKASI

 Deskripsi Umum

 Bandara dan Fasilitas Navigasi Udara  Fasilitas Komunikasi Elektronik  Penerimaan masyarakat  Keterbatasan Area

 Kondisi Permukaan Tanah dan Jenis Tutupan Lahan  Akses Jalan dan Ketersediaan Crane

 Internal Akses Road

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 Internal Akses Road

 Kendala Hukum, Perundang-undangan dan Perijinan  Resiko Gempa Bumi

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Tak terhubung grid

Jumlah dan sebaran konsumen , Single line diagram , Proyeksi kurva beban , Konsumen non rumah tangga

ANALISA BEBAN DAN KAJIAN KELISTRIKAN

Terhubung grid

Kurva beban eksisting , Single line diagram eksisting , Tegangan, frekuensi dan arus , Jarak ke grid

Pengkabelan

Konsep Pengkabelan , Jenis Kabel , Jaringan Pembumian , Penentuan group Gardu / Station switching

16 Penentuan group , Gardu / Station switching

Koneksi Jaringan

Jalur over head , Jalur bawah tanah, Jalur Transmisi, Jalur Distribusi , Gardu Induk

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PEMILIHAN DAN PENENTUAN

TURBIN ANGIN

 Parameter dan Data Teknis Turbin Angin  Kurva Daya dan Densitas Udara

 Pemilihan Turbin Angin  Sofware Pendukung

 Output Energi dari Turbin Anginp g g  Rugi-rugi ketidakpastian 17 200 250 k W) Rated Power

Kurva Karakteristik Daya Turbin Angin

0 50 100 150 Powe r Output ( k 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Wind Speed (m/s) Cut‐in = 3 m/s (7 mph, 11 km/h) Cut‐out = 25 m/s (56 mph, 90 km/h)

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20 25 Ave = 6 m/s, Weibull = 1.5 Ave = 6 m/s, Weibull = 2

Distribusi Weibull

5 10 15 Fr eq ue nc y (% ) Ave = 6 m/s, Weibull = 3 Capacity Factor: 29% 27% 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Wind Speed 24%

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Kurva distribusi kecepatan angin

Menghitung Energi Output Tahunan

Annual Energy Production : E = η(ED) A (in kWh); A = rotor swept area (m2)η

Kurva daya turbin angin

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PENILAIAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN

 Latar Belakang Ijin Lingkungan

 Dampak Lingkungan Pada Pembangkit Listrik

 Penilaian Dampak Lingkungan • Potensi Dampak Lingkungan • Dampak dari Suara Turbin

• Dampak dari Cahaya (refleksi blade) • Dampak terhadap Kehidupan

Kelelawar dan Burung AMDAL UKL d UPL

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 AMDAL, UKL dan UPL

• Analisa Dampak Lingkungan • Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan • Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan

 Institusi dan Pelaksana Pengelolaan Dan Pemantauan Lingkungan

IJIN

LINGKUNGAN

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Environmental Impact

ASPEK LEGAL

P L h k ilik dll

 Penggunaan Lahan , peta kepemilikan dll  Lahan Konservasi , Taman Nasional  Rencana Tata Ruang Penggunaan Lahan  Badan Hukum Pengelola (Koperasi, Perusda

KSO, dll)

 AD/ART organisasi Pengelola

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BIAYA

PEMBANGUNAN

PLTB

 Biaya Produksi energi

 Biaya tetap tahunan

 Biaya Operasional dan Perawatan tahunan  Analisa Finansial PLTB

 Net Present Value (NPV)  Internal rate of Return (IRR)  Discount Rate

 Pay Back Period (ROI)  Profitability Index (PI)

 Biaya Pengembangan PLTB

 Asumsi Dasar

 Biaya Investasi Proyek  Biaya EPC

 Biaya Pengembangan  Biaya Lain-lain  Biaya Overnight

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MANFAAT PLTB BAGI EKONOMI,

SDM DAN LINGKUNGAN

 Penghematan bahan bakar minyak

 Peningkatan nilai tambah komoditi local (industry local)

 Fasilitas Pendidikan dan kesehatan  Peningkatan standard kualitas hidup  Akses informasi

 Penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca

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K

ONFIGURASI

IMPLEMENTASI PLTB

Sistem Konfigurasi

Stand alone systemsy consist of several units of small

scale WECS (up to 10 kW installed capacity per unit) provided with battery banks as a storage subsystems and inverters, depend on the user requirement.

Hybrid system with other source and combined with

diesel generating sets as back-up. Main function of generating sets is to take over the supply of electricity during low wind speed.

Grid Interconnection system, the system can

parallel be interconnected to the existing grid or into the power generating using generating sets.

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IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BAYU DI INDONESIA