Perspective of Higher Education Development in Indonesia. Djoko Santoso

(1)

Perspective of Higher Education

Development in Indonesia

Djoko Santoso

Di

t

G

l f Hi h

Ed

ti

Director General of Higher Education

Ministry of National Education

(2)

• Introduction

Introduction

–

Number of students

Number of institutions

–

Number of institutions

• Challenges

• _{Policy on higher education}

• _{Future expectation}

(3)

A

Development of Higher Education

(4)

Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education

Components Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 *) Age 19 - 23 21.190.000 21.184.100 21.174.900 21.171.200 21.170.300 21.184.000 19.844.485 Students 3.868.358 4.285.645 4.375.505 4.501.543 4.657.547 5.226.450 5.226.450 Public 805.479 824.693 978.739 965.970 1.011.721 1.030.403 1.030.403 Private 2 243 760 2 567 879 2 392 417 2 410 276 2 451 451 2 886 641 2 886 641 Private 2.243.760 2.567.879 2.392.417 2.410.276 2.451.451 2.886.641 2.886.641 Special 48.493 51.318 47.253 47.253 66.535 92.971 92.971 Religious based 508.545 518.901 506.247 556.763 503.439 571.336 571.336 based Open University 262.081 322.854 450.849 521.281 624.401 645.099 645.099 GER(%) 18,26% 20,23% 20,66% 21,26% 22,00% 24,67% 26,34% 16 91% 17.75% 18.36% 3,868,358 4,285,645 4,375,505 4,501,543 4,657,547 5,226,450 4,000,000 6,000,000 Development of Student Population 15.26% 16.91% 5% *) Population Census, 2010 2,000,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(5)

Development of Staff Qualification

(2007‐

2009)

Year

2007

2008

2009

Qualif

Public

Private

Public

Private

Public

Private

Qualif.

Public

Private

Public

Private

Public

Private

< S1

17.280

58.419

16.102

58.226

14.907

54.863 S2

35.900

30.984

37.365

31.159

38.281

38.174 S3

8.133

2.646

9.396

2.764

10.167

3.268 Total

61.313 92.049

62.863

92.149

63.355

96.305

58419 58226 ₅₄₈₆₂ 35900 30984 37365 31159 38281 38174 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 < S1 17280 ₁₆₁₀₂ ₁₄₉₀₇ 8133 2646 9396 2764 10167 3268 0 10000 20000 30000 PTN PTS PTN PTS PTN PTS S1 S2 S3 2007 2008 2009

(6)

B

Opportunities & Challenges

(7)

Economic Development Potential

(Source: Menko Perekonomian)

2045 GDP USD 15~17 5 T illi

2025

GDP: USD 4~4,5 Trillion Expected per capita income GDP: USD 15~17,5 Trillion Expected per capita income USD 44.500‐49.000

2010

GDP: USD 700 Billion Per capita income USD 3.000 p p p USD 14.250‐15.500

(8)

3 Main Resources for Economic Growth

1. Natural Resources



Geothermal (largest reserve)



Coal (no.2 in the world)



Tin, Nickel (no. 2 and 4 in the world)



Palm oil, Rubber, Cacao (no.1, 2, 2 in the world)



Marine resources (largest teritory, mega biodiversity)



Others

2 Experiences

2. Experiences

16.6 15 4 18

Poverty level Unemployment

2 590

3,000

3,000 3,500

Per capita income USD

15.4 14.2 13,3 11,5-_12,5 9.1 _8.4 7.9 _7.4 7 8 10 12 14 16 8 1,947 2,590 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 0 2 4 6 8 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 500 1,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 * 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 2009 2010

3. Human Resource...

(9)

Human Resource

(Source: Menko Perekonomian)

Demographic Bonus

100 Year of Independence

Decreasing Dependency Ratio from 2010‐2040: can become

demographic deviden for economic development provided that

9

demographic deviden for economic development, provided that

good human resource development is in place.

(10)

Human Resource Situation: Level of Education

(Source: BPS)

1.80% 2.20% 3.20% 2.70% 4.60% Diploma I,II,III Universitas 2010 2006 University 5.50% 1.60% 6.20% 2.20% 7.80% SMK Diploma I,II,III 2006 2001 Vocational HS 10.30%12.70% 18.90% 14.60% SMA SMA/MA High School 63 00% 17.70% 55.50% 20.20% 51.50% 18.90% SD atau tidak tamat SD SMP Primary Education SMP/MTs Junior Secondary 63.00% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00%

Improving access to higher education!

(11)

Trends

Trends of Education Attainment

of Education Attainment

Meningkatkan penduduk bekerja dengan kualifikasi minimal lulusan pendidikan menengah dari 24,7 % menjadi 35,8 % pada tahun 2014

6.20% 6.58% 7.10% 7.20% 8.14% 9.09% 10.04% _11.01% 90% 100% 18.84% 18 57% 18.55% _20.69% 21.76% 22.32% _23.01% 23.63% _24.22% 24.80% 70% 80% 28 27% 18.57% _18.49% 18.90% _18.75% 18.59% _18.42% 18.22% 40% 50% 60% 37.99% _35.48% 28.27% 29.22% _28.42% 27.63% _26.85% 26.09% 20% 30% 0% 18.42% 18.42% 24.37% 22.28% 21.67% 21.06% 20.47% 19.89% 0% 10% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Tamat PT Tamat SM Tamat SMP Tamat SD Tidak Tamat SD

Catatan:

1. Data tahun 2007‐2010 diolah berdasarkan buku “Perkembangan Beberapa Indikator Utama Sosial‐ Ekonomi Indonesia 2009 dan 2010”, 2. Data tahun 2011‐2014 diproyeksikan dengan asumsi sasaran APK tercapai

(12)

GER Across Provinces

Disparity of Access

0.700 0.800

Disparity of Access

0.500 0.600 0.300 0.400 0.100 0.200 ‐ 12

(13)

C

Roles of HE & Policy on HE

(14)

D

l

t

The Roles of Higher Education

Development

based on

knowledge &

culture

Research & Development

Interaction with

Higher

Education

Development

of Human

Application of

Science &

Interaction with

Industry & Society

Education

_Capital

Technology

Teaching &

Learning

Publication

Dissemination of

Publication

Knowledge &

Culture

(15)

Framework of Supply‐Demand Harmonization

(Supply Side) (Demand Side)

MoNE/MoRA, other _{Industry & Business} Ministries Industry & Business _{Sectors as Users}

Dimension of Harmonization: Quantity, Quality/Competence,

Location, Time

(16)

General Framework of HE Development

Orientation R&D & National innovation Competitive human Internationally competitive research University for National Innovation _p resource Human Resource d i l Orientation: long term National Development Orientation: Current and future and regional R&D needs

Local and regional

Human resource development at local level Local and regional development skills human resource at local level University mission is developed to match sustained sector development, local resources, and capacity of the institution

(17)

Grooming Research Universities and

D

l

i

C

it C ll

Developing Community Colleges

• Grooming 10‐20 Research

Universities

Research

University

Research

University

• One Flagship University

and Two Polytechnics at

Teaching

University/Pol

Teaching

University/Pol

and Two Polytechnics at

each Province

University/Pol

ytechnics

University/Pol

ytechnics

C

it

C

it

• One Community

College at each

District/City

Community

Colleges

Community

Colleges

gg

17

(18)

Improvement of Bureaucracy

Efficiency & Effectiveness

Integration

of

Process

Efficiency & Effectiveness

(Reduce unit input,

increase productivity)

Bureaucracy

(Sharing)

_ICT

(Sharing)

Resources

ICT

enabled

18

(19)

Target

Target of Staff Qualification Improvement

of Staff Qualification Improvement

Indicator Baseline TARGET 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

IKK4.7.1 Percentage of Public

HEI Staff with S2 73.8% 78.5% (71.1%) * 82.5% 88.5% 94.5% 100.0% * IKK4.7.2 Percentage of Private HEI Staff with S2 46.7% 51.7% (52.6%) * 57.0% 65.0% 75.0% 90.0%

IKK4.7.3 Percentage of Public

HEI Staff with S3 16.1% 17.5% (16.8%) * 20.0% 23.5% 26.5% 30.0% Percentage of Private 6 3% IKK4.7.4 Percentage of Private HEI Staff with S3 5.0% 6.3% (6.9%)* 8.0% 10.0% 12.5% 15.0% IKK4.7.5 Certified Public HEI Staff 26.8% 39.3% (39.2%) 50.0% 65.0% 80.0% 100.0% Staff *

IKK4.7.6 Certified Private HEI

Staff 7.4%

10.5%

(10.3%) *

(20)

Acceleration of Staff Qualifications

7.0% 7.8% 8.4% _9.5% _10.8% _12.5% 13.9% _15.5% 90% 100% 43.6% _44.2% 47.9% 52.8% 56 3% 70% 80% 56.3% 61.9% 68.8% 78.4% 40% 50% 60% 49.4% _47.9% 43.7% 37.7% 32.9% 25.7% 10% 20% 30% %S3 % S2 %<S1 17.3% 6.0% 0% 10% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20

In‐country PhD Scholarships: 10,000

Overseas PhD Scholarships: 3,000

(21)

DGHE Reform

Intervention (Hibah/insentif) for Institutional Development Resource ICT l Resource sharing Planning & Management • Integration: National HE D b S Database System 21

(22)

Develop Academic Culture

Competi

HIGHER EDUCATION

Recogniti _Standard

tiveness

ECONOMY & SOCIAL DEVELOP

Y

_M

AN

U

RE

_ITY

on

Benefit

DEVELOP MENT

TONOM

Y

FIED

HU

M

SOUR

CE

A

ST

R

U

C

TU

Q

UA

LI

TY

OGRAM

_UNT

A

BIL

I

AU

T

QU

ALI

F

RE

IINFR

A

_Q

PR

AC

CO

ACADEMIC ATMOSPHERE

(23)

D

Future Expectation & Law on Higher

Education

(24)

Plan of Capacity Expansion

Tahun

Jenis

Variabel

Tahun

2010

2015

2025

Jumlah Mahasiswa 5,226,450 7,018,928 10,715,953 Penambahan Mahasiswa 1 792 478 3 697 025 Penambahan Mahasiswa 1,792,478 3,697,025 Penambahan Mahasiswa PTN (60%) 1,075,487 2,218,215 Penambahan Unit Baru

Target Daya Tampung CC (15%) 268 872 554 554

CC (Baru) Target Daya Tampung CC (15%) 268,872 554,554

Jumlah CC (@1000 Mhs) 269 555

Poltek (Baru)

Target Daya Tampung Poltek (6%) 107,549 221,822

Jumlah Poltek (@2000 Mhs) 54 111 ( ) _{Jumlah Poltek (@2000 Mhs)} ₅₄ ₁₁₁ Un/In (Baru) Target Daya Tampung (4%) 71,699 147,881 Jumlah Univ/Inst. (@5000 Mhs) 14 30 Perluasan PT Eksistingg Poltek Target Daya Tampung (5%) 89,624 184,851 Unv/Ins Target Daya Tampung (5%) 89,624 184,851 Penambahan PTK Dosen (1:20) 53,774 110,911 Tenaga Kependidikan (1:30) 35,850 73,941

(25)

Development Plan

Acceleration of

:

1. Gross enrollment rate  A

2. Quality and Relevance  M

Higher Education

No

Action Plan

Current

Target

2010 2015 2025

A.1 Pembangunan Perguruan Tinggi Komunitas /Community College (Unit) 0 269 823 A.2 Pembangunan Politeknik (Unit)g ( ) 72 220 A.3 Pembangunan Univ/Inst. (Unit) 7 22 A.4 Perluasan Poltek Eksisting (mhs) ‐ 90,000 _274,475 A 5 P l U i /I t Ek i ti ( h ) 90 000 A.5 Perluasan Univ/Inst. Eksisting (mhs) ‐ 90,000 _274,475 A.6 Penambahan Jumlah Dosen (Orang) ‐ 53,000 110,911 M.1 Pembangunan Poltek Pasca Sarjana (Unit) 0 10 20 M.2 Pembangunan Universitas Riset (Unit) 0 10 20 M.3 Penambahan Jumlah Dosen Bergelar S3 (%) ‐ 15% 50%

(26)

Projection of Three Priority Disciplines

3 000 000 3,500,000 4,000,000 20092010 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 2025 2045 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000

N

Y

E

i

A i lt

S i

0

Teknik Pertanian Sains

No

Year

Engineering

Agriculture

Science

%tase

Mhs

%tase

Mhs

%tase

Mhs

1 ₂₀₁₀

_11,56%

_603.649

_3,32%

_173.366

_3,67%

_191.643

2 ₂₀₁₅

16.0% 1,116,493 3.9% 258,389 5.8% 413,386

(27)

Draft of Higher Education Law

(28)

No Type Strata

Types and Strata of Higher Education

No Type Strata 1. Academic Bachelor Master Doctor 2. Profession Profession Spescialist 3. Vocation Diploma I Diploma II Diploma III Diploma III Bachelor of Applied Sc Master of Applied Sc 28 Doctor of Applied Sc

(29)

Form, Types, & Strata of HE

No Form Type Strata

Form, Types, & Strata of HE

/

Academic Bachelor, Master, PhD

Profession Profession Specialist

1. University/Insti

tute

Profession Profession, Specialist

Vocation* Diploma to Doctor of Apl. Science

2. School of HE

Academic Bachelor, Master, PhD

3. Polytechnics

Vocation Diploma I, II, III, Bachelor of Apl. Sc., Master of Apl. Sc., Doctor of Apl. Sc. **

4. Academy

Vocation Diploma I, Diploma II, Diploma III

5. Communit

College

Vocation Diploma I, Diploma II, Pre bachelor (1‐2 year)

* Managed by separate Faculty/School

29

Managed by separate Faculty/School

(30)

Equivalence of Tracks – Qualification Framework

Level Academy Profession Vocation

9

Doctor Specialist _{Doctor of Apl. Sc}

8

Master Profession _{Master of Apl. Sc}

8

Master of Apl. Sc

7

Profession

6

Bachelor _{Bach of Apl. Sc.}

5

Diploma III

4

Diploma II

3

Di l I

3

Diploma I

2

Senior Secondary (General/Vocation)

1

Primary & Junior Secondary 30

(31)

Types and Governance of HE

No

Type

Governance & Status

1 PTN

a. PTN Berbadan Hukum (Legal Entity)

b PTN Mandiri (Autonomy)

b. PTN Mandiri (Autonomy)

c. PTN Unit Pelaksana Teknis Kemdiknas

(Government Task Unit)

2 PTN Khusus

 PTN Unit Pelaksana Teknis Kementerian

2 PTN Khusus

 PTN Unit Pelaksana Teknis Kementerian

Lain/LPNK/Pemda (Special Govt Task Unit)

3 PTS

 PTS Unit Pelaksana Teknis Badan Hukum

Nirlaba (Private HE under foundation/non

profit org)

(32)

Anatomy of HE

No _Type/Status _Delegation _{Accountability} _Asset _Finance No _Type/Status _Delegation _{Accountability} _Asset _Finance

PTN

1 _{PTN/PTN Khusus} No Ministry State State

UPT

3 _{PTN Mandiri} Ministry to BoT BoT State Delegation from MoF 4 _{PTN B b d} B T t HE B T S t d PTN B d 4 _{PTN Berbadan} Hukum BoT to HE leader

BoT Separated PTN Badan

Hukum

PTS

1 _PTS Academic: MoNE to PTS Foundation/non profit org Foundation/ non profit org Foundation /non profit org

(33)

Quality Assurance System

HE QA System

External QA System External QA System ((SPMESPME)) Internal QA System Internal QA System ((SPMISPMI)) SNPT SNPT National HE Data Base System National HE Data Base System SNPT ((PDPTPDPT))_SNPT 33

(34)

Coordination of QA Elements

Menteri Pendidikan Nasional

Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi

Sekretariat Ditjen Dikti Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi Perguruan Tinggi Negeri/Swasta Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi

M

Peraturan Perundang‐ undangan Standar Nasional Pendidikan Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Ekternal

M

Visi Pendidikan Tinggi Indonesia Pendidikan Tinggi (SNPT) Mutu Internal (SPMI) (SPME/ Akreditasi) Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi 34 Kebutuhan Stakeholders

(35)

Process of QA in HE

BAN‐PT Accreditation Report M a Req for MoNE DGHE Higher Education SNPT Report p a s y a r a Req for accreditat ion Hasil Lembaga Akreditas i Mandiri Lembaga Akreditas i Mandiri Independent Accreditation Bodies BSN PT SNPT SPMI SPME SNPT Develop Standard Report a k a t Hasil Akreditasi SPMI SPME Vision & Mission

National HE Database System

SNPT SPMI SNPT

(36)

Perspective of Higher Education Development in Indonesia. Djoko Santoso