EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP KADAR KREATININ DAN UREA SERUM TIKUS YANG
DIINDUKSI GENTAMISIN
Abstrak
Daun sirsak diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat sehingga tumbuhan ini dapat bermanfaat terhadap pengobatan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan stres oksidatif. Gentamisin adalah antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida. Penggunaannya terbatas karena menyebabkan nefrotoksik. Nefrotoksisitas yang diakibatkan oleh gentamisin sebagian besar disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif yang manifestasinya diantaranya ditandai oleh peningkatan kadar kreatinin dan urea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak etanol daun sirsak terhadap kadar kreatinin dan urea serum darah yang diinduksi gentamisin.
Penelitian ini meliputi karakterisasi simplisia dan ekstrak, skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak, pengujian pada tikus yaitu pengukuran kadar kreatinin dan urea pada serum darah. Tikus dibagi dalam 5 kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 4 ekor, yaitu kelompok kontrol (CMC 0,5%), kelompok gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb, kelompok EEDS (ekstrak etanol daun sirsak) 100 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb, kelompok EEDS 200 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb dan kelompok EEDS 300 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb. Pemberian dilakukan setiap hari selama 8 hari. Kadar kreatinin dan urea ditentukan secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 493 dan 576 nm berturut-turut.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia dan ekstrak secara berturut-turut diperoleh kadar air 6,99% dan 1,99%, kadar sari larut air 19,3%, kadar sari larut etanol 23,7%, kadar abu total 3,01% dan 2,31% serta kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,84% dan 0,73%. Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak menunjukkan adanya senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan kadar kreatinin dan urea darah secara signifikan (n = 4, p < 0,05) kelompok gentamisin (kadar kreatinin 5 ± 1,3070 mg/dl dan kadar urea 106,2019 ± 5,4626 mg/dl) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (kadar kreatinin 0,875 ± 0,2393 mg/dl dan kadar urea 37,7403 ± 9,2362 mg/dl). Pemberian ekstrak menunjukkan penurunan kadar kreatinin dan urea signifikan (n = 4, p < 0,05) pada kelompok yang diberikan EEDS 100 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb (kadar kreatinin 1,625 ± 0,125 mg/dl), kelompok EEDS 200 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb (kadar kreatinin 1,125 ± 0,3145 mg/dl dan kadar urea 41,5865 ± 8,6774 mg/dl) dan kelompok EEDS 300 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb (kadar kreatinin 1,25 ± 0,25 mg/dl dan urea 40,1442 ± 13,8604 mg/dl) dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang dinduksi gentamisin.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun sirsak pada tikus yang diinduksi gentamisin dapat menghambat peningkatan kadar kreatinin dan urea darah tikus.
Kata kunci: Gentamisin, sirsak, kreatinin, urea, nefrotoksisitas
EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF SOURSOP (Annona
muricata L.) ON BLOOD SERUM CREATININE AND UREA ON
GENTAMICIN-INDUCED RATS
Abstract
Leaf of soursop has strong activity of antioxidant so it can be use to treat disease related to stress oxidative. Gentamicin is an antibiotic class of aminoglycoside antibiotic, but its use limited due to its nephrotoxic. Nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin caused by stress oxidative could increase the creatinine and urea serum. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of soursop on creatinine and urea serum gentamicin-induced rats.
This research include the characterization of simplex and extract, phytochemical screening of simplex and extract, animal testing, and measurement of blood serum creatinine and urea level. This study used 5 groups, control group (0.5% CMC), gentamicin 100 mg/kg bb group, EEDS (ethanolic leaf extract of soursop) 100 mg/kg bb + gentamicin 100 mg/kg bb group, EEDS 200 mg/kg bb + gentamicin 100 mg/kg bb group, and EEDS 300 mg/kg bb + gentamicin 100 mg/kg bb group. All the groups treat everyday for 8 days. Creatinine and urea level were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at wavelength 493 and 576 nm respectively.
The results of the examination showed characteristic of simplex and extract respectively were water content 6.99% and 1.99%, water-soluble extract 19.3%, ethanol-soluble extract 23.7%, total ash content 3.01% and 2.31% and acid-insoluble ash 0.84% and 0.73%. Phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids compounds in both simplex and extract. Results showed significant increase of blood serum creatinine and urea level (n = 4, p < 0.05) in gentamicin-induced group (creatinine level 5 ± 1.3070 mg/dl and urea level 106.2019 ± 5.4626 mg/dl) compared to the control group (creatinine level 0.875 ± 0.2393 mg/dl and urea level 37.7403 ± 9.2362 mg/dl). Extract of soursop showed significant decreased of blood serum creatinine and urea level (n = 4, p < 0,05) in group given with EEDS 100 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb (creatinine level 1.625 ± 0.125 mg/dl), EEDS 200 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb (creatinine level 1.125 ± 0.3145 mg/dl and urea level 41.5865 ± 8.6774 mg/dl) and EEDS 300 mg/kg bb + gentamisin 100 mg/kg bb (creatinine level 1.25 ± 0.25 mg/dl and urea level 40.1442 ± 13.8604 mg/dl) compared to the group induced by gentamicin.
From the research it can be concluded that ethanolic leaf extract of soursop significantly attenuated elevations in serum creatinine and urea level in gentamicin-induced rats.
Keywords: Gentamicin, soursop, creatinin, urea, nephrotoxicity
