STYLISTIC DEVICES IN POLITICAL TEXTS OF THE DAILY ANALISA.

STYLISTIC DEVICES IN POLITICAL TEXTS OF THE DAILY ANALISA A Thesis

Submitted to Post-Graduate School English Applied Linguistic Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

GRACE MARIA SEMBIRING Registration Number: 809111031

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTIC STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN MEDAN

STYLISTIC DEVICES IN POLITICAL TEXTS OF THE DAILY ANALISA A Thesis

Submitted to Post-Graduate School English Applied Linguistic Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

GRACE MARIA SEMBIRING Registration Number: 809111031

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTIC STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN MEDAN

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Jesus Christ the Almighty and Most Beneficial for without His

Guidance and Mercy, this thesis would not have been completed. In the process of

finishing this piece of academic writing, the writer has been given much support and

valuable knowledge from many people however only some of them can be mentioned in

this thesis.

First, the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude to Prof. Amrin

Saragih, M.A, Ph,D., her First Adviser and Prof.Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.P., her

Second Adviser, for their valuable advice, guidance, and constructive comments to bring

this thesis into its present form. Seconds, her special gratitude goes to the head of

English Applied Linguistics, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., and Dr. Sri Minda

Murni, MS., as the Secretary Of Applied Linguistics Study Program who had generously

encouraged her in completing this study, all lecturers, who helped him to increase his

knowledge and to give the best guidance during his study in this postgraduate school.

The writer would like to sincerely thank the anonymous participants who

contributed suggestions, critics and advises to this study. Her deepest gratitude goes to

Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M. Pd., Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed., TESP., and Dr. Didik

Santoso, M.Pd., without their excellent academic guidance and support this thesis would

not have being possible.

Then the writer deepest thanks is give to her beloved parents, Lesman Tarigan and

Rasmita br Barus, S.Pd., who have patiently given her spiritual, moral and financial

support and also for their prayers in conducting this thesis. The writer also wish her great

Beloved husband, Yusuf Harianto, S.STP., for their suggestion, love, supports and

prayers to the completion of this thesis.

The writer would also like to extend her thankfulness to her best friends, Sondang

Dameria, S.S., who always gives her supports in conducting this thesis. The Writer also

dedicates her thankfulness to Farid Ma’ruf_{as kindly administrative staff for completing}

the administrative procedures.

Last but not least, she thanks to all her friends in LTBI-XVII that are not mentioned

here thank you for bitter sweet togetherness during the learning time in the class during

three semesters.

May God Bless Us.

Medan, February 2013

The Writer

LIST OF TABLES

Tables Pages

1. The Occurrence of Stylistic Devices Available in the 15 Analyzed Texts....54

2. Types of Stylistic Device Found on First Text ... 58

3. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Second Text... 65

4. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Third Text... 69

5. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Fourth Text... 72

6. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Fifth Text... 74

7. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Sixth Text ... 79

8. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Seventh Text... 81

9. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Eighth Text... 83

10. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Ninth Text ... 84

11. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Tenth Text ... 86

12. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Eleventh Text ... 89

13. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Twelfth Text... 92

14. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Thirteenth Text... 97

15. Types of Stylistic Device Found in Fourteenth Text ... 100

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Communication is defined as a means of transmitting information. Communicate means giving and getting different amounts of information and various characters and qualities of communicated messages at one time, which is conditioned by many factors such as the time, place and subject matter of what is being transmitted from the addressor to the addressee in a particular situation. The addressor communicates because he intends not only to exchange information, but he also aims at affecting the behavior of the addressee.

There are some reasons for choosing the discourse stylistic device in political text. They are, first, it is renowned indirectly on its linguistics behavior, especially when

all background of education, and (3) analisa newspaper is the most published and mostly read by the population of Indonesia.

The stylistic theory which is introduced into linguistics have affected the study of language, in particular the sociolinguistic approaches and the movement for simplification of discourse. Due to the active study of discourse since the mid-seventies, many linguistic properties of English are fairly well understood today. Even in this domain, there are two alternatives of discourse to be examined: oral and written. In the first case, for example, the lawyer-client interaction and courtroom interaction together with their linguistic strategies are investigated. The latter, though, is more frequently the object of study because it represents a referential norm and a point of comparison for most treatises. The active study in the field of law has shown how different the two media, the spoken and written, are. Spoken official English is not just a spoken variant of the written text. It is a different genre at the same time because there is a very tight connection between what is said, how it is said and why, and the situation in which the speech is uttered. On the other hand, written legal English seems to be the other extreme –it is constant, stable and almost context-free (Damova, 2007).

varieties of one language –in this case of English. One of the greatest differences can be seen in the written and spoken forms of the language, and other in the range of Englishes that are distinguished as regional dialects.

Stylistic as a part of linguistics is a very complex field dealing with the study of language and its related issues. A vigorous comeback of rationalism into the scientific study of language in the sixties of the twentieth century resulted in the fact that linguists have (Hiltunen, 1990) increasingly turned away from idealized, intuition-based approaches to examining the actual use of language to find evidence for generalization, e.g. by studying speech and conversation as concrete data of verbal communication. In the case of written language, the study of texts has come into the foreground, especially from the point of view of the interaction between function and structure. It is largely due to this reassessment of linguistic methodology that the importances of such branches of language study as sociolinguistics, pragmatics and discourse analysis are almost taken for granted today.

The attempts to describe, explain and categorize the use of languages have found their way to project also into the field of stylistics, and as Hiltunen (1990) states, “the more concrete approaches had always been better represented there than in some

other areas, for natural reasons. New terms such as register, special language, sublanguage and languages of the professions were introduced into discussions of style”. He continues explaining that “languages do not function in a vacuum”, so the term of

on the other end it is relatively loose (legal textbooks, journals, documents). As a result, there are several text type continua.

It was in 1882 that the word stylistic was first recorded in English. However, it is a little older. It appeared in 1860 and was modeled on the German terms stylistics. It proves that it was the second half of the 19th century that stylistics as a theoretical study of style was established. Rhetoric, dialogic and poetic are regarded the predecessors of stylistics (Damova, 2007).

It may be a difficult task to define what a style or variety is, what types exist, how many there are or whether they are all clearly distinguishable – these are things a stylistic theory should tell us (Ibid:4). Fortunately, speakers (at least the native ones) are aware of the differences and the rules to some extent – they use one variety at home, another at work, and a third, for example, at the doctor’s. They are able to tell one from

the other because they know the rules.

Crystal & Davy (1997) confirm that the native speaker of English of course has a great deal of intuitive knowledge about linguistic appropriateness and correctness – when to use one variety of language rather than another–which he has amassed over the years. He will probably have little difficulty in using and responding to the most ordinary uses of language, such as the everyday conversation which occupies most of our speaking and writing lifetime. Normally, in such a context, mistakes, if they occur, pass by unnoticed or are discounted as unimportant. It is with the relatively infrequently occurring, more specialized uses of language that the average language user may find difficulty.

In deed, the use of language in politics, in some cases for common people even he/she is a native of the language, it will be very difficult for him/her to talk about something when it is related to politic. Except he/she is one of the expert in politic, of course he/she will find it easy to talk about something related to politics. In politics, the function of language is limited as a device to express the extent of power. In addition, Political Text is the language which is used to persuade that loaded with euphemisms, jargon and rhetoric. The use of euphemism stylistics is meant to make things look positive memorable, memorable better than reality. Euphemism and rhetoric is a way of wrapping so that the actions and policies of the authorities appear civilized but it makes the language to stray far from its true meaning. The language used for the benefit of power will experience an incredible distortion of meaning. That is the reason why it is very important to understand the political text.

pun, epithet, oxymoron, simile, periphrasis, euphemism, hyperbole, clich, proverbs and sayings, aphorism, and epigrams. These various styles of language are usually named as stylistic devices. The information to be search through these styles usually called as discourse. So discourse stylistic devices are the variation of informing language users’

intention through language. These variation can be available in spoken and in written media. Newspaper is one of the media used for informing political information. However to find out whether these discourse stylistic devices really available in political texts of newspaper. The research is conducted due to many number of newspaper circulated in the grand, the focus will be given only to Analisa newspaper.

1.2 The Problems of the Study

In relation to the background, the problems are formulated as the following. 1) What types of discourse stylistic devices are used in the political text of the daily Analisa?

2) How are those types used in the political text of the daily Analisa? 3) Why is the dominant type used the way it is?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are

2) to describe how are the dominant types used in the daily Analisa, and 3) to elaborate the reason of why the dominant type is used the way it is.

1.4 The Scope of the Study

This study attempts to investigate the discourse stylistic device used in political text taken from Analisa Newspaper, where this study is only focused on describing the types of the stylistic device and the dominant types of the stylistic device use in the political text. Then it will be elaborated to find the reason why it is so.The data that will be taken from the Analisa Newspaper.The data are also limited according to the date of publishing, namely the Analisa Newspapers which are published on October 1, 2012 Until October 31, 2012, it is done because of the time limitation and also to avoid data redundant in the Analysis.

1.5 The Significances of the Study

The findings of the study are expected to be theoretically and significantly relevant in the some respects. Theoretically, the findings are expected to enrich the theories of stylistic device such specifically in the written language which is written by certain community and certain purpose, mainly the political text which is written for political purposes. This study considers being useful initially to provide the information of what kind of stylistic device used by the writer in writing the political text. Consequently, it will give better understanding and new insight on how stylistics device are related to the aspect of pragmatic study. This contribution will in turn give tentative framework for a comprehensive analysis of stylistic device.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

3.1 Conclusions

There are many linguistics devices found in written language but this study only concerns about the linguistics devices found in political text. So after analyzing the whole texts which are choosen to be the data in this study, it is concluded that the stylistic device found in the daily analisa newpaper are metonymy, pleonasm, methapor, periphrasis, personification, synecdochy, polysemy, anticlimax, euphemisms, clich, oxymoron, to tem pro parte, climax, pun, slogan, irony, hyperbola, ephitet, cynicism, zeugma, antonomasia, asindenton sarcasm, simile, ellipsis, proverbs.

Metonymy is the most stylistic devices of the whole stylistic device found in the text (32.2%). Then followed by euphemism stylistic device (14.5%) and then methapor (12%) out of the whole text.

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3.2 Suggestions

In relations to the conclusions, suggestions are offered as the following.

1. For the journalist, as a journalist he/she must understand well kinds of linguistic devices in order to help them be able to write the political text in a good way without containing to much linguistis devices which might couse of breaking the ethics of writing text such as political text, which makes someones feeling hurt. Further research requires to be conducted to know more about the stylistic device and its fields

2. For editor, as an editor also should understand the linguistics devices in order to help him in editing the idea contains in the political text written by journalist so by the time the text breaks the ethics, it should be revise or at least he/she may know whether the political text appropriate to be publissed of not.

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