هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ :
ﺖﺳاﺪﻳﺪﺟةزﺎﺳﻚﻳ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣدرﻮﻣردﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
.
زاﺮﻴﺷﺮﻬﺷﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑاﻊﻄﻘﻣنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧﻲﺳرﺮﺑفﺪﻫﺎﺑﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓرو
.
شور ﺎﻫ :
ﺖﺳاﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫعﻮﻧزاﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗشور
.
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗلﺎﺳردرﺎﻛﻪﺑﻞﻏﺎﺷنزودﺮﻣنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣمﺎﻤﺗ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻦﻳايرﺎﻣآﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
1392
-1391
،ياﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪﻨﭼياﻪﺷﻮﺧيﺮﻴﮔﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧشورزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻪﻛﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑاﻊﻄﻘﻣردزاﺮﻴﺷﺮﻬﺷﻲﺘﻟودسراﺪﻣ
200
ﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧانﺎﻧآزاﺮﻔﻧ
.
ﻢﺠﺣعﻮﻤﺠﻣرد
ﻪﺑﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻦﻳاﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
124
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﻔﻧ
.
ﻞﻣﺎﺷﻪﻛﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘﺶﺷزاﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳارد
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
)
دﻮﺧ،دﺎﻤﺘﻋا
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗويﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ
(
؛ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧتﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ؛ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓر؛
ﺪﺷﻲﻣرﻮﺤﻣزﻮﻣآﺶﻧادﺲﻳرﺪﺗيﺎﻫﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓوﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ :
ادنﺎﺸﻧﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺶﻧاديﺎﻫﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓوﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧتﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ،يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓر،ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧنﺎﻴﻣﻪﻛد
آ
ﻪﻄﺑارنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣرﻮﺤﻣزﻮﻣ
ﺖﺳاراﺮﻗﺮﺑرادﻲﻨﻌﻣوﺖﺒﺜﻣ
.
ﺖﺳاﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣﺪﺣزاﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧناﺰﻴﻣودراﺪﻧدﻮﺟونزودﺮﻣنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧرديرادﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗ
.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ :
ﻳاﺮﮔﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﺑ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ،ﻲﮔﺪﻧزﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧتﺎﺸ
.
زﻮﻣآﺶﻧاديﺎﻫﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﺑ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣرﻮﺤﻣ
.
ﺖﺳاﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓرﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﻪﺑردﺎﻗنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
.
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
دﻮﺑﻦﻳاﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ
درادﻞﻣﺎﻛشزاﺮﺑﺎﻫهدادﺎﺑﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣلﺪﻣﻪﻛ
.
هژاو
يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫ
:
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
،
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓر
،
يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳتﻻدﺎﻌﻣيزﺎﺳلﺪﻣ
عﺎﺟرا
:
اﺮﻫزتﻮﺘﻓ،ﻲﻠﻋيﺮﮕﺴﻋ
.
ﺑشﻮﺧ ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻤﻠﻋ ﻲ ﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓرونﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ي
ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲ
.
ﺖﻣﻼﺳمﺎﻈﻧتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻠﺠﻣ
1393 ؛ 10 ) 1 ( : 114
-125 .
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد : 07 / 03 / 1392 شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
: 06 / 06 / 1392
1 .
دﺎﺘﺳا ﻳ ،رﺎ ﻧﺎﺴﻧاﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻲ
، ﺑهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻴ ،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ﺑﻮﻨﺟنﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﻲ ، اﻳ ناﺮ
)
ﻮﻧ ﻳ هﺪﻨﺴ ﺴﻣ ﺆ لو
(
Email: ali.asgari@birjand.ac.ir
2 .
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻲ ﺑﺮﺗمﻮﻠﻋﺪﺷرا ﻴﺘ
ﻲ ، اد ﻣﻼﺳادازآهﺎﮕﺸﻧ ﻲ
ا،سرﺎﻓ،نﺎﺠﻨﺳراﺪﺣاو ﻳ
ناﺮ
يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ ياﺮﺑ
ناﺮﮕﻳدﻪﺑندﺮﻛﻚﻤﻛ ﺖﺳا
) 19 .( هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ
ﻦﻳا ، رد
ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﺎﺑ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ و ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ
يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ) 20 ( ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫو و ﻪﺳرﺪﻣرد ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗو رﺎﺸﻓﺎﺑ
دﺎﻤﺘﻋا درادﻪﻄﺑارﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ )
19 .( ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫيﺪﺟ
ﺎﺴﻣ ﻳ ﻞ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا رد ار يا ﻻﺎﺑ
ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ و
زا
يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا دﻮﺧ
ار
ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ياﺮﺑ
ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ و
ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
. ﻲﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺎﺑﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ شﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ دور
ﻲﻨﻌﻣوﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑارنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓر ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادراد
.
شﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺺﺨﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا روﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧزوﺮﺑزاوﺪﻨﻛﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﻲﮔﺪﻧزردارﻲﺑﻮﺧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﻨﻛ يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ
) 21 .(
ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ تﺎﻴﻘﺤﺗ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ
ﺖﻬﺟ نﻮﻣزآزاﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ شﻮﺧ تﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻧزﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ
)
LOT
( هدﺮﻛهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧا
) 23 ، 22 .( نﻮﺳرﺪﻧا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻚﻳرد
اﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ روﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ 56
نﻮﻣزآ زا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﺖﻬﺟ
ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﻴﻨﭼ و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﺮﻛ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﻪﻛ شﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺑيدﺎﻳزوﻪﺟﻮﺗ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا
ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ يا ﺎﺑ ،سﺮﺘﺳا ﻼﻋ ﻳﻢ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧاور يﺎﻫ زا
ﻞﻴﺒﻗ
،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻲﻔﻨﻣﻒﻃاﻮﻋ
و ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳﺎﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﻪﻄﺑار راد
دراد ) 24 (. ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
،ﻲﻨﻴﺑ شﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺳر
ﻚﻳ
ﺖﺳايﺮﻴﮔهزاﺪﻧاﻞﺑﺎﻗﻲﺼﺨﺷﻪﺼﻴﺼﺧ .
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ،ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗوﺎﻫ
ﺮﻈﻧردﺮﻳزيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ :
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ 1 :
ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ شﻮﺧ تﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ
شﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑارنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ درادراد
.
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ 2 : ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﺶﻧاد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ يﺎﻫ
زﻮﻣآ ﺎﺑ رﻮﺤﻣ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑارنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ درادراد
.
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ 3 : شﻮﺧ يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑارﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ درادراد
.
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ 4 : درادتوﺎﻔﺗنزودﺮﻣنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ .
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ 5 : رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣشزاﺮﺑزاﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳلﺪﻣ
ا ﺖﺳ .
شور ﺎﻫ
ﻌﻣﺎﺟ يﺮﻴﮔﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧشوروﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ،يرﺎﻣآﻪ
ﻪﺑ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ نزو دﺮﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣمﺎﻤﺗ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳايرﺎﻣآﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗلﺎﺳردرﺎﻛ 1392
-1391 زاﺮﻴﺷﺮﻬﺷﻲﺘﻟودسراﺪﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑا ﻊﻄﻘﻣ رد يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ يا ،يا
200 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا نﺎﻧآ زا ﺮﻔﻧ .
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ نﺎﻴﻣ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
و ﺪﺷ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ
150 ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﺪﻧادﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ود زا ﺪﻌﺑ ار ﺎﻫ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ،هﺪﺷيروآﻊﻤﺟيﺎﻫ 26
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﺮﮕﻳدﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔرﺎﻨﻛﺎﻬﻧآﺺﻗﺎﻧﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣعﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد
ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا 124
ﺖﺸﮔزﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 62
٪
روآﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ د
.
عﻮﻧ زا ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
دورﻲﻣرﺎﻤﺷﻪﺑﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .
راﺰﺑا ﻪﺑمﺎﻧﻲﺑترﻮﺻﻪﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ 49
ﺶﺳﺮﭘلاﺆﺳ
ﺪﻧدادﺦﺳﺎﭘﻪﻣﺎﻧ
شﻮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ
؛ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر ؛ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
؛ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧتﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓوﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﺶﻧادﺲﻳرﺪﺗيﺎﻫ زﻮﻣآ
رﻮﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟتﻻاﺆﺳ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
) ﺑﺎﺳ،ﻦﺳ ،ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ،يرﺎﻛ ﻪﻘ
داﺪﻌﺗ ،نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ
ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآﺶﻧادلﺪﻌﻣ وداﺪﻣاﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛﻮﻀﻋنازﻮﻣآ (
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷ .
ﺶﻧاد ﺖﻴﻌﺿوزانﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺮﺜﻛا ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﻮﻀﻋ ﺎﻳآﻪﻛ دﻮﺧنازﻮﻣآ
نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﺮﺜﻛا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫوﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﻲﻋﻼﻃاﺮﻴﺧﺎﻳﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ داﺪﻣا لﺪﻌﻣ ﺮﻛذ زاتاﺮﻤﻧندﻮﺑﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑ
يراددﻮﺧ سﻼﻛ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﺮﻛ .
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺪﺣاو
ﺶﺳﺮﭘتﻼﻤﺟوﺪﻧدﻮﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ هﺪﻧادﺮﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣنﺎﺑزﻪﺑﻪﻣﺎﻧ
نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺨﺑﻪﻜﻨﻳاﺎﺗﺪﻨﻫدراﺮﻗبﺎﻄﺧدرﻮﻣاردﻮﺧﺎﺗﺪﺷ ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗارﻪﺳرﺪﻣردﺮﮕﻳد .
نازﻮﻣآﺶﻧادوﻦﻳﺪﻟاوﻪﺑدﺎﻤﺘﻋا :
ناﺰﻴﻣﺶﺠﻨﺳياﺮﺑ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا
ﺶﻧادوﻦﻳﺪﻟاوﻪﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ سﺎﻴﻘﻣهدﺮﺧزاﻲﻜﻳزا،نازﻮﻣآ
يﺎﻫ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻌﻤﺟ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﻪﻣﺎﻧ )
16 ( ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ يﺎﻀﻋا دﺎﻤﺘﻋا مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا،نﺎﻋﻮﺟربﺎﺑراﻪﺑ .
هدﺮﺧﻦﻳاصﺎﺧرﻮﻃﻪﺑ
ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻣ ،نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد وﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻪﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣدﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﺮﺑ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ
. اﺆﺳﺶﺷﻞﻣﺎﺷسﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآوﺖﺳال
ﻖﻓاﻮﺗناﺰﻴﻣ
Woolfolk Hoy و
Woolfolk Hoy
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو
DiPaola
و
Woolfolk Hoy
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
Woolfolk Hoy
لوﺪﺟ
3 .
ﺶﻴﭘﺮﻴﺴﻣ
يرادﻲﻨﻌﻣﺢﻄﺳوﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿ،نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرﺐﻳﺮﺿ،ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻦﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ
كﻼﻣﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
<---دﺎﻤﺘﻋا
56
./ 32 ./ 000 ./
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
<---ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ
53
./ 29 ./ 000 ./
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
<---يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ
56
./ 32 ./ 000 ./
ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧتﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ
<---ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
21
./
77 ./
000 ./
./77 ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ <--- ﺎﻫﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓوﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
<---ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓر
68 ./ 47 ./ 000 ./
لوﺪﺟ
4 .
نﻮﻣزآﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣردنزودﺮﻣنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣهوﺮﮔودﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ t
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ هوﺮﮔ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا
يدازآﻪﺟرد
t
يرادﻲﻨﻌﻣﺢﻄﺳ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ
دﺮﻣ
29 / 74 70
/ 14
116
021 ./
98 ./
11/11 74/34 نز
هرﺎﮕﻧ
1 :
شﻮﺧﺮﻴﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗلﺪﻣ
نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
لوﺪﺟ
5 .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ شزاﺮﺑﻲﻳﻮﻜﻴﻧيﺎﻫ
RMSEA CFI TLI IFI GFI χ2/df لﺪﻣشزاﺮﺑيﺎﻫهرﺎﻣآ
08 / 0
< >./90 >./90 >./90 >./90 ./05df, P>χ2/ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
05 ./
98 ./
./97 ./98 ./97 ./19p=1/40، ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣلﺪﻣ
ﺚﺤﺑ
شﻮﺧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ
رﺎﺘﻓر و ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
دﻮﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ .
ﻳﺎﺘﻧ هزﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ
شﻮﺧ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ و ﻢﻬﻣهﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ .
شﻮﺧ هزﺎﺳﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛيﺎﻔﻟآشور ﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
84 ./ ﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑ .
شﻮﺧهزﺎﺳ سﺎﻴﻘﻣهدﺮﺧﻪﺳزاﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺶﻧاد وﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻪﺑدﺎﻤﺘﻋا يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧو ﻲﻤﻠﻋﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ،نازﻮﻣآ
ﺎﭘ وﺖﺳا هﺪﺷﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧﻦﻳازاﻚﻳ ﺮﻫﻲﻳﺎﻳ
ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ شور 84
ﺪﻣآ . ﻪﻛدﻮﺑهﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓﺞﻨﭘ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳاياﺮﺑ
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓرﺎﻬﭼ )
ﻢﺠﻨﭘومﻮﺳ،مود،لواﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ (
راﺮﻗﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗدرﻮﻣ
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓوﺖﻓﺮﮔ 4
ﺪﺷدرﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ .
درﻮﻣردﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗلواﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار
شﻮﺧ تﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ
شﻮﺧ وﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑاردادنﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﻛدﻮﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ شﻮﺧ تﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ و ﺖﺳا راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ود نﺎﻴﻣ راد ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ
شﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳا نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ .
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ
شﻮﺧ تﺎﺸﻳاﺮﮔ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ ﻴﺑ شﻮﺧ،ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻪﻧﺎﻨ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ رد ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ مود ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ و ﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﺶﻧاد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ يﺎﻫ
شﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ رﻮﺤﻣ زﻮﻣآ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣوﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑاردادنﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﻛدﻮﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ودنﺎﻴﻣراد
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺖﺳا راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻣ زﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ رﻮﺤ
ﺶﻴﭘ
شﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳا نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
. ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ
ﺶﻧاد يﺎﻫ
زﻮﻣآ
ﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﻬﻧآ ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣرﻮﺤﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ
ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ ردﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗمﻮﺳ شﻮﺧ
رﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﺑﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﻛدﻮﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑاردادنﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ و شﻮﺧ و ﺖﺳا راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ود نﺎﻴﻣ راد ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺶﻴﭘﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ رﺎﺘﻓرﻲﻨﻴﺑ
.
ﻲﻣﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ شﻮﺧﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﺑﻪﻛﺖﻓﺮﮔﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧناﻮﺗ
ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
وﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ردنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳيﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاسرد سﻼﻛ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . درﻮﻣرد ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗمرﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ
توﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شﻮﺧ
ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ نز و دﺮﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗدادنﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
شﻮﺧرديراد
ودﺮﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻤﻧراﺮﻗشﺮﻳﺬﭘ درﻮﻣﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ودراﺪﻧدﻮﺟو نز دﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻣا ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
دﺮﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ هوﺮﮔ ود ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد
) 29 / 74 =
M
(
ز و
ن ) 34 / 74 =
M
(
شﻮﺧ زا
ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳاﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣﺪﺣزاﺎﻬﻧآﻲﻨﻴﺑشﻮﺧناﺰﻴﻣوﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
ﻪﻛدﻮﺑﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳلﺪﻣندﻮﺑﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣدرﻮﻣردﻢﺠﻨﭘﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ وﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗزاهﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓﻦﻳا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗدرﻮﻣشزاﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﻜﻴﻧيﺎﻫ .
ﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑﻖ
Woolfolk Hoy
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و )
13 ( درادﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ
. رﻮﺸﻛردﻪﻨﻴﻣزﻦﻳاردﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗنﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ
رﺎﺘﻓرﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻲﻟوﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧمﺎﺠﻧاناﺮﻳا
رد ﻪﭼ و ﺖﺳا لﻮﻤﺷ نﺎﻬﺟ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻚﻳ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ
ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓشﻼﺗنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ؛ﻲﺑﺮﻏﺮﻴﻏﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓﻪﭼوبﺮﻏﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺑ ﺶﻧادﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣوﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘياﺮ نازﻮﻣآ
ﺮﺗاﺮﻓ زا ﻲﻠﻐﺷحﺮﺷ دﻮﺧ
ﻲﻣرﺎﺘﻓر شﻮﺧناﺰﻴﻣﻪﭼ ﺮﻫوﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر زوﺮﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷاد رﺎﻈﻧا ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ .
شﻮﺧ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ
ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣﻪﻛ ﺪﻧراد روﺎﺑﻦﻳا دارﻲﺑﻮﺧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣﻲﮔﺪﻧزر يا
نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻲﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧ و ﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ زوﺮﺑ زا و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ دﻮﺧ ﺟﻠ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ يﺮﻴﮔﻮ .
ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
) 21،20،19 (
ﻲﻣﻮﺴﻤﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﻣﻞﻛرد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآ زاﻪﻛﺪﻴﺳرﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳاﻪﺑناﻮﺗ
شﻮﺧزانزودﺮﻣ ﻮﺧﺮﺑﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺮﺑﺪﻳﺎﺑﺪﻧرادر
رﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يور آ
و ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ نﺎﻴﻣ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا و يﺪﻣ
ﺶﻧاد يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷرﺎﺘﻓرﻪﭼﺮﻫنﻮﭼ ،دﺮﻛيﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗنازﻮﻣآ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻦﻳاﻪﻛ دراددﻮﺟو يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑلﺎﻤﺘﺣا،ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ
ﺶﻧادﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘﺶﻳاﺰﻓاودﻮﺒﻬﺑﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣ ددﺮﮔنازﻮﻣآ
ﺶﻧاد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘو ﻪﺑ نازﻮﻣآ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑﻮﻧ
ﺶﻧادوﻦﻳﺪﻟاودﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﻲﻣنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣوﻪﺳرﺪﻣﻪﺑنازﻮﻣآ
ددﺮﮔ .
ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ
ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑﻦﻳا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﺮﺑردارﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑاﻊﻄﻘﻣنﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻣﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗاﺬﻟ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
رددﻮﺷ
،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا زا ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ يﺪﻌﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد و ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣن .
شﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ
ياﺮﺑ شﻼﺗ
شروﺮﭘ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ﺖﻬﺟ رد
ﻻﺎﺑ ندﺮﺑ نازﻮﻣآﺶﻧاد يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ ﺖﺳا
.
روﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻌﻗاو شزرا نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ
تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا رد ،
دﺎﻤﺘﻋا و يروﺎﺑدﻮﺧ و
فﺎﻄﻌﻧا يﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺎﺗ
ﺮ
ﺷ ﺖﺴﻜ و
وﻒﻌﺿ
ﻲﻧاﻮﺗﺎﻧ دﻮﺧ نﺎﺸﻧازﻮﻣآﺶﻧادﺎﻳو )
1 .(
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Teachers’ Academic Optimism and Organizational Citizenship
Behavior
Ali Asgari1, Zahra Fotovat2
Abstract
Background: Academic optimism about teachers is a new construct. The objective of this study was
investigation of primary school teachers' academic optimism and organizational citizenship behavior in Shiraz City.
Methods: The method of this study was descriptive and correlational study. The population of this study
were all teachers (men and women) working in the 1391-1392 school year in public schools in Shiraz city. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to selection of 200 of teachers. In total, sample size was reduced to 124 teachers. In this study 6 questionnaires were used that included: Academic optimism (Trust in students and parents, Teachers self-efficacy, Academic emphasis); Organizational citizenship behavior; Dispositional optimism; and Student-centered beliefs and practice.
Findings: The results showed that there were positive and significance relationships between the
academic optimism, citizenship behavior, dispositional optimism, and Student-centered beliefs and practice is established. In addition, there was an insignificant difference in male and female teachers’ optimism.
Conclusion: More teachers’ optimistic attitudes towards life will increases scientific optimism.
Student-centered activities will increase scientific optimism among teachers. Teachers’ academic optimism was able to predict their organizational behavior. The results of path analysis showed that the model fits the data very well.
Key words: Academic Optimism; Organizational Citizenship Behavior; Structural Equation Modeling
Citation: Asgari A, Fotovat Z. Teachers’ Academic Optimism and Organizational Citizenship
Behavior. J Health Syst Res 2014; 10(1):114-125.
Received date: 28/05/2013 Accept date: 28/08/2013
1.Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Birjand University, Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran (Corresponding
Author) Email:ali.asgari@birjand.ac.ir
2. MSc of Educational Study, Arsanjan Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Fars, Iran
