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Pengaruh Pelatihan Perkesmas-HIV/AIDS Terhadap Niat dan Faktor Determinannya pada Perawat Kesehatan Masyarakat di Kabupaten Indramayu. Sheizi Prista Sari, 220120100046, Program Magister Keperawatan, Konsentrasi Keperawatan Komunitas, di bawah bimbingan Hartiah Haroen S.Kp., M.Ng.,M.Kes. dan Neti Juniarti S.Kp., M.Kes., M.Nurs. 2012.
ABSTRAK
Meningkatnya cara penularan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) melalui hubungan seks tidak aman pada heteroseksual membawa dampak tingginya angka infeksi HIV dan penyakit Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pada perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pelatihan Perkesmas-HIV/ AIDS terhadap niat, sikap, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku perawat kesehatan masyarakat dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan HIV/ AIDS pada perempuan di Kabupaten Indramayu.
Responden terdiri dari 25 orang perawat Puskesmas di Kabupaten Indramayu yang dipilih secara non probability purposive sampling. Rancangan penelitian berupa one group pretest-posttest design. Instrumen dikembangkan berdasarkan panduan pengembangan instrumen teori perilaku berencana (Theory of Planned Behavior). Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon melalui program SPSS 17.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna niat responden sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan dalam melakukan 4 perilaku spesifik, yaitu melakukan deteksi dini kepada pasien resiko tinggi yang datang ke puskesmas (ƿ= 0.000), melakukan pengkajian komunitas sehubungan dengan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan HIV/ AIDS di wilayah kerja (ƿ= 0.001), memfasilitasi pembentukan Warga Peduli AIDS di wilayah kerja (ƿ= 0.007), dan melakukan kunjungan rumah kepada keluarga yang memiliki anggota keluarga tertular atau beresiko tertular (ƿ= 0.004). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna sikap responden sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan (ƿ= 0.533). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna norma subjektif dan kontrol perilaku responden sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan dengan nilai signifikansi masing-masing ƿ= 0.009.
Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak semua faktor determinan perilaku yang ada dalam teori perilaku berencana dapat ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan Perkesmas-HIV/ AIDS. Pelatihan dapat meningkatkan niat, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku responden namun tidak berpengaruh pada sikap responden. Meskipun demikian, peningkatan niat, norma subjektif, dan kontrol prilaku responden diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perilaku nyata yang ditampilkan di lapangan.
Kata kunci: Teori Perilaku Berencana, Perawat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Pelatihan
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Effects of Perkesmas-HIV/ AIDS Training in Attention, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavior Control of Community Health Nurses in Indramayu District. Sheizi Prista Sari, 220120100046, Master Program in Nursing, Community Nursing Concentration, under the guidance of Hartiah Haroen S.Kp., M.Ng.,M.Kes. and Neti Juniarti S.Kp., M.Kes., M.Nurs. 2012.
ABSTRACT
Decreasing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission through unprotected sex in heterosexuals caused incidence of its infection and disease of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in women populations. Indramayu district is one of the districts in West Java that has the incidence of HIV / AIDS is higher in women than men. To overcome this requires efforts that one of them can be done by public health nurses. The aims of this study are to identify the effect of Community Health Nursing-HIV/ AIDS training toward intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control of public health nurses to prevent and control HIV / AIDS in women population in their working area.
Respondents were 25 Public Health Nurses from Community Health Center in Indramayu district that selected by purposive non probability sampling. Design of this study is one group pretest-posttest design. Intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control of the respondents were measured before and after training using a questionnaire that developed based on the theory of planned behavior (Theory of Planned Behavior). Wilcoxon test was used to analyze data.
Result showed that there was a significant difference in intentions before and after training in conducting 4-specific behavior; early detection of high risk patients who come to the clinic (ƿ = 0.000), conduct a community assessment in connection with efforts to prevent and control HIV / AIDS in working area (ƿ = 0001), facilitate the establishment of Warga Peduli AIDS (WPA) in the working area (ƿ = 0007), and conduct home visits to families who have family members infected or at risk of infected (ƿ = 0.004). There were no significant differences in attitudes before and after training (ƿ = 0533). There were significant differences in subjective norm and behavioral control before and after training with a significance value of each is ƿ = 0009.
This study shows that not all of behavior’s determinant factors in the theory of planned behavior can be improved through of Community Health Nursing-HIV / AIDS training. Training increased intentions, subjective norms, and behavior control of respondents, but it did not affect attitudes of respondents. Nevertheless, increasing intention, subjective norm, and behavior control expected to increase the real behavior of respondents.
Key words : Theory of Planned Behavior, Public Health Nursing,
