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REALIZATION
OF
SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY)
SPEECHESA THESIS
Submitted to
theEnglish Applied Linguistics
StudyProgram In
Partia1 Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
AYUJNDP.JU
Regbz.tration N!~~tJf,r: 082188330123
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDA.~
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"
REALIZATION
OF
SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD IN
THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY)
SPEECHESA THESIS
Submitted to
theEnglish Applied Linguistics
StudyProgram In
Partia1 Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
AYUJNDP.JU
Regbz.tration N!~~tJf,r: 082188330123
A THESIS
REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN MOOD
IN
THE
SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S (SBY)
SPEECHES
By:
AYUINDARI
Registration Number: 082188330123
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY
OF
MEDAN
This Thesis was examined on April7fh, 2011 by the Board ofExamination
Adviser I
Approved by
Adviser Commission
Dr. Sri Minda Mu
, M.S
NIP. 19630525 198803
2
016
This Thesis was examined on April 7th, 2011 by the Board ofExaminers
Board of Examiners:
1. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19550113 198203 1 0022. Dr.
SriMinda Mumi, M.S
NIP. 19630525 198803 2 0163. Prof. Dr. Busmin Guming. M.Pd
NIP. 19590713 1986011 001;J
~-·
...
iv
ABSTRACT
lndari, Ayu. Registration Number 082188330123. Realization of Speech Function in Mood in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) Speeches. A Thesis. Enalish Applied Uapistic:s Study Program, Post Graduate School. State University ofMedan.ZOU.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEl\1ENT ... . ABSTRACT ... .. TABLE OF CONTENTS ... . LIST OF TABLES ... . LIST OF FIGURES ... .. LIST OF APPENDIXES ... ..
C~RI:~ODUCTION iv v vii viii ix
1.1. The Background ofthe Study... 1
1.2. The Problem ofthe Study... 8
1.3. The Objective of the Study...
8
1.4. The Scope of the Study ... 8
1.5. The Significance ofthe Study... 9
C~R ll :THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Speech Functions ... .. 2.1.1 Types of Speech Functions Theory of Speech ... .. 2.1.2 Realization Speech Functions in Mood ... .. 2.2. Speech ... . 2.2.1 Theory of Speech ... . 2.2.2 Function of Speech ... . 2.2.3 The Way to Deliver a Good Speech ... .. 2.2.4 Towards a Formal Model of Speech ... .. 2.2.5 Kinds of Speech ... .. 1. An Informative Speech ... .. 2. A layout Speech ... .. 3. A Demonstration Speech ... . 4. A Persuasive Speech ... .. 2.2.4 News Conference ... .. 2.2.5 Ethos in Traditional Rhetoric ... .. 2.2.6 SBY's Speeches Opinion ... . 2.3 Mood and Residue ... . 2.3.1 Mood ... . 2.3.1.1 Identifying Subject and Finite ... .. 2.3.1.2 Mood in Non-Declarative Clauses ... .. 2.3.1.3 Kinds ofMood ... . 1. Declarative and Interrogative Moods ... .. 2. Imperative mood ... . 3. Exclamative mood ... . 4. Mood and Polarity ... . 2.3.2 Residue ... . 2.3.2.1 The Predicator ... . 2.3.2.2 The Complement ... ..
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2.3.2.3 Adjuncts ... . 2.4 Mood in Bahasa Indonesia ... .. 2.4.1 Statement ... .. 2.4.2 Questions ... . 2.4.3 Imperatives ... .. 2.4.4 Exclanlations ... . CHAPTER W: RESEARCH MEmOD
vi 51 54 54 54 57 59
3.1. Research
Design...
623.2.
Data
Sources... 623.3. Technique of Collecting Data... 63
3.4. Technique of Data Analysis... 63
3.5 Trustworthiness... 64 CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Research Findings ... . 4.1.1 Realization of Speech Function in Mood ... . 4.1.1.1 Realization of Speech Function ... . ( 1 ). Statement ... . a First Speech: "Bombings" ... ..
b. Second Speech: "SMS Bermasalah" ... .
(2). Command ... . (3). Question ... .. (4). Offer ... . 4.1.1.2 Realization in Mood ... .. a. First Speech: "Bombings " ... ..
b. Second Speech: "SMS Bermasa/ah" ... .
4.1.1.3 Realization of Speech Function in Mood ... .. 4.1.2 Dominant of Speech Function ... . 4.1.3 Reason of the Speech Function Dominantly Used .... . 4.2 Discussions ... . CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTERll Page
Table 1.1 Types ofSpeech Functions... II
Table 1.2 Elaboration Realization ofSpeech Functions in Mood... 13
Table 1.3 Semantic interpretation of central mood systems... 33
Table 1.4 Tags showing Subject and Finite... 36
Table 1.5 it' and 'there' as Subject... 36
Table 1.6 Mood in declarative clauses... 38
Table 1.7 Mood in yes/no interrogative clauses... 38
Table I .8 WH·interrogative with known Subject... 40
Table 1.9 WH·interrogative with WH-element as Subject... 40
Table 1.10 Mood in exclamativc clauses... 40
Table 1.1 I Urunarlced imperative clauses... 41
Table 1.12 Marked imperative clauses... 41
Table 1.13 Let's imperative clause... 42
Table 1.14 Analyzing Mood and Residue... 53
CHAPTER
m
Page Table 1.15 The steps of the technique of data analysis... 64CHAPTER IV Page
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Table I.I6 Lists of Statement in SBY's Speech (first speech)... 67Table I.I 7 Initiating of Statement (fli'St speech)... 72
Table 1.18 Lists ofStatement in SBY's Speech (second speech).... 73
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Table 1.19 Initiating of Statement (second speech)... 76Table 1.20 Initiating of Command (first speech)... 77
Table 1.21 Initiating of Command (second speech)... .. .. .. .. .. .... 78
Table 1.22 Initiating ofQuestion... 78
Table 1.23 Initiating of Offer (first speech)... 79
Table 1.24 Initiating of Offer (second speech)... 80
Table 1.25 Mood in Clause (first speech)... 80
Table 1.26 Mood in Clause (second speech)... 81
Table 1.27 Realization of Speech Function in Mood... 83
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
APPENDIX
m-
TilE ANALYZING DATATable 1.29 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speech about
"The Bombings"
APPENDIX IV-TilE ANALYZING DATA
Table 1.30 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech about
"SMS Bermasalah"
[image:9.532.42.475.52.518.2]..
LIST OF FIGURES [image:10.530.49.474.51.512.2]CHAPTERll Page
Figure 1.1 Realization of Speech Functions in Mood... 13 Figure 1.2 Two mood system... 32 Figure 1.3 Mood- key systems... 34
CHAPTER IV Page
Figure 1.4 System Network ofSBY's Speech Function... 66
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1.1 Background of the Study
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
One of the functions oflanguage in human life as a member of the society is to exchange experience. This is systemically termed as speech functions (Halliday, 2004: 107-108). This study is related to know the president of the Republic of Indonesia represents his speech functions through his speeches. A study on the speech function is worthwhile doing for it giving contribution for the better understanding of the presidue policy for development. Language plays an unproduced role for this. Language is a device in communication. When someone says something who is used sentence in the communication. The sentence itself consists of the structure and meaning. The structure and meaning are speech function and mood. This systematically conclude that speech function calls discourse semantics and mood calls lexicogrammar (Martin, 1992: 36). The grammar of a language is the description of the ways in which words can change their forms and can be combined into sentences in that language. If grammar rules are too carelessly violated, communication may suffer, although, creating a good grammar rule is extremely difficult. Linguistic investigating native speaker speech (and writing) has, over the years, devised various different systems to describe how the language works.
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acceptable sentences. A language can be considered from several levels, each related in some way to the others. Thus sounds combine to fonn syllables and words, which in tum combine to fonn phrases and sentences. Commonly used tenns, in increasing order of size, are phone, phoneme, morpheme, word, phrase, sentence, and text. The terms colTCCtly imply that structural linguistics has emphasized the sound system (phonology) and the grammatical structure (syntax). Within traditional grammar, the syntax of a language is described in tenns of taxonomy of the range of different types of syntactic structures found in the language. The central assumption underpinning syntactic analysis in traditional grammar is that phrases and sentences are built up of a series of constituents (i.e. syntactic wtits), each of which belongs to a specific grammatical category and serves a specific grammatical fUnction. Given this assumption, the task of the linguist analyzing the syntactic. structure of any given type of sentence is to identity each of the constituents in the sentence, and to say what category it belongs to and what. function it serves. For example, in relation to the syntax of a simple sentence like: (a) He went home, (b) Are you feeling OK!, (c) You be
quite!, (d) What a great Idea that Is!. A sentence like (a) is traditionally said to be
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interpreting dialogue is concerned since there is no simple relation between general grammatical classes and the role they play in structuring a conversation. The most commonly discussed example of this is the realization of demands for goods and services. Each class considered so far for example, imperative, declarative and interrogative mood, can be used to code a Command: (a) Get me the new one, please? - Allright, I will, (b) I'd like the new one, please? - Allright, (c) Can I have the new one, please? - Allright.
Evidence for the fact that the different grammatical classes are performing a related discourse function comes from their context: from their co-text the inclusion of please and tho reply allright; and from the context of situation, where one might well observe goods being exchanged. Furthermore, as can be seen from the examples above, the relevance of the co-text is also grammaticalised in English. There is a major pattern to be considered. It can be established with respect to the more general Mood function, Mood (including Subject, Finite, and Mood adjuncts) and Residue (including Predicator, Complement and other Adjuncts).
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types of interact, such as declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Traditionally, these systems and structures require a richer interpretation, beyond fonn, in spite of the fact that the content of the tenns is less than transparent. Semantically oriented labels of this kind highlight the meaning of the grammatical tenns and are used throughout Halliday (198Sa) to focus on the grammar as a functionally organized meaning making resource (rather than as a syntax, or set of fonns). In fact, no attempt is made to distinguish stratally between grammar and meaning: rather the grammar in infused with meaning, and a stratal distinction between grammar and semantics systematically blurred. So, an attempt will be made to unpick the boundary between grammar and semantics in a syntactic functional interpretation of English and Halliday's relabelling provides a point of departure for stratifying the content plane.
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According to Martin (1992: 36) speech function (discourse semantics) has been stratified with respect to mood (lexicogrammar) on the content plane. In
another research, Sulaiman (2007) "Speech Functions in Classroom Interaction"
concludes that speech functions absent in those of mood. From that case, the researcher gets the problem of the research which is realization of speech function in mood, derive the dominant of speech function and reason for the use of the dominant speech function.
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These are not mutually exclusive of one another. You may have several purposes in mind when giving your presentation .
In this study the researcher is interested in analyzing realization of speech function in mood in President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speeches. These are some reason to emphasize her interests in the research. Firstly, based on the theory that there is a m~or pattern to be considered which realization of speech function in mood is because according to Martin (1992: 36) speech function (discourse semantics) has been stratified with respect to mood (lexicogrammar) on the content plane. That means realization of speech function in mood can help the reader to find out the kinds of the structure in the sentence and the meaning of the sentence which refers to get the information from the sentence itself.
Secondly, based on the previously research's findings in which for example; there is researcher analyzed speech function in several phenomena namely Sembiring (2009) who analyzed "Speech Function in Slogan of Television Advertisement" in this study with speech functions in the slogan of television
advertisement. In the theory of speech functions, Martin (1992: 36) states that
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of the statement, question. and command are realized by declarative, inteJTogative, and imperative. The finding of this study is that speech fUnction used in slogan of shampoo product is giving statement or give information. From the previous research above, the research conclude that the research explained about speech fUnction of the statement, question. and command are realized by kinds of mood {declarative, interrogative. and imperative) in slogan oftelevision advertisement. In this research, researcher wants to make specifically analyzing realization of speech fUnction in mood in the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY) speeches.
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1.2 Problem of the Study
In accordance with the background of the study, the problems of this study are formulated as follows.
1. How are speech functions realized in moods in SBY speeches? 2. What is the dominant speech function in SBY speeches? 3. Why is the dominant speech function realized in the way it is? 1.3 Objective of the Study
In relation of the problems, the objectives of the study are
l. to identify speech functions realized in moods in SBY's speeches, 2. to identify the dominant speech function in SBY's speeches, and 3. the reason for the use of the dominant speech function.
1.4 Scope of the Study
The study is focused on realization of speech function in mood. This research concerns on the four primary speech functions, namely statement, question, command, and offer. They are investigated in their realizations of mood. Mood focuses on the kinds of mood. They are (1) declarative, (2) interrogative, and (3) imperative.
To avoid the broad discussion and to make this research manageable, this research concerns on SBY's speeches such as SBY's Speech on the Jakarta "Bombings" July 18, 2009 and President SBY's speech about "SMS
bermasalah ", Jakarta, Monday, 30 Mei 2011. The researcher chooses both of the
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1.5 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are expected to give some relevant contribution to the following.
I. Theoretically, grammatical research through realization of speech function in mood in the speech gives contributions about how the units combine to produce acceptable sentences and how to describe the language works. 2. Practically, the finding of this study can be used as a model to identify and
understand about realization of speech function in mood in the speech for social phenomenon such as daily conversation, dialogue, text, story and so on.
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5.1 Coaclusioas
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
After analyzing the data conclusions are drawn as the following.
(1) The realization of speech functions of the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speeches is in mood. The first speech, "Bombings" speech function has realized in mood which has 50.51%. Four types of speech function has realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has realized in declarative which has 56.29%. COmmand has realized in imperative which has 8.70%. Offer has realized in mood which has 50%. Question has realized in interrogative which has 50%. The second speech, "SMS Bermasalah" speech function has realized in mood which has 44.900/o. Four types of speech function has realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has realized in declarative which has 54.32%. Command has realized in imperative which has 18.18%. Offer has realized in mood which has 50%. Question has realized in interrogative which has 0%. Speech function has realized in mood by elaboration in the Table 1.2: elaboration realization of speech function in mood.
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because Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as a speaker was giving the infonnation for the people. He was explaining about the case or issue to the people. so that the aim of the speaking was to clarify the people about the issue. The first
speech.
the issue is about bombings which were happened in the public area when the condition has got well. The secondspeech.
the issue is about short message whichwas
talking about SBY. Itmade him angry about the content of the message because it
was
talking all about his weakness. This research has found that the speech is almost using statement in the sentence which is to help the speaker to inform the people about the problem or the issue. The sentence of the speech should be clear because it can make different interpretation if the speech is not clear. The main function of speech is giving. explaining. and clarifying something happens in the society.5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are stated as the following. (1) For the leader, do the speech without any political affairs. Be honest, wise,
and capable to put on the condition in the right track because a good leader comes from a good behavior.
(2) For the language students, to do research about the speech side in many area of research. This is to make it be one of the many areas of the research because speech is many implicit meaning inside. So, that is the
big chance to explore in another field of the language itself.
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http:// en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtammatical_mood http://web.mac.com/cmatthie_ Glossary.html
http://en. wildpedia.org/wikl/Speech
http://www.nsknet.or.jp/-peterr-slpublic _ speakinglspeechtypes.html
http://www .indonesiatogo.com/2009/07/18/sby-speech-about-the-bombing/
http:// en. wikipedia.orglwiki/News_ conference
http://www.rimanews.com
http://www.presidensby.infofmdex.php/perslpresiden/2010/12/02/535.btml http:/lwww.famous-speeches-and-speech-topics.info/speecb-topicslinformative-speech.htm
