DEIXIS IN INAUGURATION SPEECH OF PRESIDENT SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humanora
By: RAFIKA PURBA
Registration Number : 81361132068
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
i ABSTRACT
Purba, Rafika. Deixis in Inauguration Speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. A thesis. Medan. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
ii ABSTRAK
Purba, Rafika, Deiksis dalam Pidato Pelantikan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Thesis. Medan. Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2015.
Thesis ini menguraikan deiksis dalam Bahasa Inggris. Masalah dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan tipe – tipe deiksis yang paling dominan ditemukan dalam pidato pelantikan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, menemukan proses deiksis dalam pidato pelantikkan dan menemukan alasan deiksis dalam pidato pelantikkan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menemukan tipe deiksis yang paling dominan, mengetahui proses deiksis dan mengetahui alasan penggunaan deiksis dalam pidato pelantikan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan analisis isi kualitatif. Sumber datanya adalah pidato pelantikkan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Tekhnik pengumpulan datanya adalah tehnik dokumentasi. Alat untuk mengumpulkan data adalah kumpulan dokumentasi. Dan tekhnik untuk menganalisis data adalah analisis isi. Penemuan menunjukkan lima tipe deiksis dari pidato pelantikkan pertama dan kedua. Dari analisis pidato pelantikkan ini cenderung menggunakan personal deiksis. Pada pidato pertama, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dominan menggunakan kata ganti jamak “kita”. Sedangkan dalam pidato pelantikkan kedua, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono menggunakan kata ganti pertama “saya”. Alasan menggunakan deiksis dalam pidato pelantikan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono untuk menunjuk atau mengindikasikan seseorang atau satu hal untuk memperoleh informasi yang jelas dari pidato pelantikkan tersebut.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah, the greatest thank is dedicated to Allah SWT who guidance and mercy to help the writer in writing the thesis in partial fulfillment of the final academic requirement to gain master degree from English Applied Linguistic Study Program State University of Medan. The writer would like to express her gratitude to all those who gave her possibility to complete this thesis:
The writer would like to thank her marvelous thesis advisers, Dr. I. Wayan Dirgayasa, M. Hum and Dr. Anni Kholila Pulungan, M. Hum for all brilliant ideas, valuable advices, affection, patience, and precious time spent on reading, commenting, and supervising the process of writing until it comes to its present form.
The writer would like to express the profound gratitude to her examiners, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M. Pd, Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed, TESP, and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S for their detailed reviews, correcting, revising, and suggestions in her thesis.
Sincere thanks goes to Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as the head and secretary of English Applied Linguistic Study Program, as Farid as the administration staff for completing the administrative procedures.
It is with affection and appreciation that she acknowledges her indebtedness to her parents, Delizon Purba and Yusnizar Harahap for her affection, praying, motivation, supporting in financial and material during the preparation of this thesis.
The writer thanks to her best friend Nurul Fatimah, S.S, Ustadzah Umroh Nst, S.Pd.I, Khairunnisa Siregar, S.Pd, Dewi Atiqah Purba, S.Pd and LTBI B3 class who has accompanied her as long as this study in master degree program.
Finally, she is aware that nothing is perfect as well as this thesis. For that, any constructive criticism, suggestions, or comments will be highly appreciated to bring this next to perfection.
Medan, 2015 The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....………... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………... iii
LIST OF TABLES ... v
LIST OF APPENDICES ……….. vi
ABSTRACT ... vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The Background of the Study ……….... 1
1.2. The Problems of the Study .………….……….…….. 6
1.3. The Objectives of the Study....…..………... 6
1.4. The Scope of the Study……..……….………..…….. 7
1.5. The Significance of the Study………...…….. 7
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Deixis ……….……… 8
2.1.1. Types of Deixis ……….………..…. 10
2.1.1.1. Personal Deixis ………..……….... 11
2.1.1.2. Temporal Deixis ……… 14
2.1.1.3. Spatial Deixis …………...………..……….... 15
2.1.1.4. Social Deixis …………...………...………... 17
2.1.1.5. Discourse Deixis …………..………... 17
2.2. Public Speaking ... 19
2.3. Speech ... 20
2.5. The Relevant Studies …….………..………. 22
2.6. Conceptual Framework ………..………... 25
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD 3.1. Research Design ……… 27
3.2. Source of the Research ………..……… 27
3.3. Data of the Research……….. 27
3.4. The Collecting of the Data ……… 28
3.5. The Trustworthiness ……….……… 28
3.6. The Analysis of the Data ………..……….... 29
CHAPTER IV. DATA, DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Data and Data Analysis ……….…………... 30
4.1.1. Types of Deixis in Inauguration Speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ……... 31
4.1.2. The Process of How Deixis in the First and Second Inauguration Speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ……… 50
4.1.3. The Reason Why the Inauguration Speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Such a Way……….. 51
4.2. Findings ……….……….. 53
4.3. Discussions ……….………. 54
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1. Conclusions ……….. 58
5.2. Suggestions ………..……….…… 59
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
TABLE 1.1. ……… 31
TABLE 1.2. ……… 43
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX 1 ……… 63
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Background of the Study
Language is an extension of the ‘speech’ which human have within themselves, which
in a sense take the classical view reason, is one of the most primary characteristics of human
nature. Some people know the aim of the speech, but the others don’t. A speech will be more
amazing if the audience of the speech catch the meaning and understanding all the content of
the speech. It is difficult to make the audience has the same understanding with the speaker.
Many people give speech in formal or informal situation. Usually, someone gives their
speech to promise, to insult, to agree, to criticize, to persuade or to influence beliefs or
attitudes. It is also a means and one of potential tool in winning public support in public
speaking which constitutes as the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured,
deliberate manner intended to inform, to influence, to persuade or to entertain the listeners
(Yayan, 2006).
Speech is a power in itself, it is means that through speech, the speakers can persuade
the listeners. More & Carling (1982) state that, an interlocutor must be able to ‘use the sound
of uttered by another to locate some appropriate area within his own store of accumulated and
generalized experience. The most significant thing in the speech is the message that the
speaker wants to convey to the listener. When the listener understands the message in the
speech, he will responds or behaves positively. According to Mulyana (2006) speech is an
utterance with a good arrangement to be submitted to the crowd. Its means beside the
message, good arrangement of words, grammar and reference from the speaker speech is also
The main aim is to indicate something or some relations can be shown or called as its
reference. In this case, reference is important and significant. If the audience cannot
comprehend the reference of what speaker tries to reveal, the message of the speech will not
be delivered smoothly. Every speech contain small sets of words whose meanings vary
systematically according to whom, where, and when, they are being used.
The phenomenon of their occurrences is called deixis. Levinson (2004) states that a
deixis is one which takes some elements of its meaning from the situation, such as the
speaker, the addressed pronoun, time, and place in which it is being used. So, deixis refers to
the phenomenon where in understanding the meaning of certain words or phrases in an
utterance require context of situation. Therefore, when a speaker talks about an object, there
is a meaning which is important to know. So, it is essential to form a meaning (aspect)
between sentences, contents, and situations in a sentence so as to give clear meanings to the
audience. Sometimes, the audience always has some problems in understanding a speech on
deixis. This occurs because they do not know the meaning stated in the deixis itself.
Consequently, they do not know the reference of the speech.
The meaning of deixis can be described in detail like, Levinson (2004) states that the
deixis is concerned with the way in which language is encoded or grammatical features of the
context of utterance in the speech event, and is also concerned with ways in the interpretation
of utterances depends on the analysis of that context of utterance. So, deixis is the words
which show the specific terms in utterances or sentences based on the context of the
utterances. It influences the interesting of people to listen the inauguration speech. So, the
reference of the speech is very important to make the audience be easy to understand the
content of the speech. They will be easy to get the points of speech if the speaker uses the
The other line of deixis based on Yule (2000) who states that deixis is a technical
terms (from Greek) for one of the most basic things we do with utterances. Every utterance
has meaning, and to know the meaning, they needs to identified, then deixis is one of the
technique to identify the words. This statement make the deixis be clear to identify the
utterances. Speech as one example of literature can be understood if the listeners get the
meaning of the speech. The speech will be easy to know after the utterances of the speech are
identified.
Deixis has five types. According to Levinson (2004) Types of deixis are personal
deixis, spatial deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. Personal deixis can be
determined through the subject in a text / a conversation. Spatial deixis shows the area of the
speakers and the listeners. Time deixis informs the time of the situation. Discourse deixis
shows the reference which tell before in the text. Social deixis relates to the social
background in the text / a conversation.
There are some reasons for selecting the topic as the subject matters. The first, deixis
is one of important points to be discussed because through studying deixis, some one knows
the reference of the speaker (Lyons, 2000). The second, deixis is common used in spoken and
written texts. But without doing research, no one knows how deixis used in utterances or
texts. In addition, Huang (2007) states that, the language cannot be unite effectively and
efficiently without deixis. it is clear that deixis close to the language.
Deixis can be found in texts of speech or it can be found in many written and spoken
languages. Such as short story, novel, song lyrics, poem, article in magazine or news paper,
film script, etc. every language has deixis. In this case, the writer chooses the inauguration
speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the object of this research. Intentionally
inauguration speech. It effects to the audience who want to know the content of the
inauguration speech. They are difficult to get the same understanding from the point of the
speech, the reference of the speech and etc. A speech will be built if there is an understanding
between a speaker and a hearer,(Mulyana, 2006). The using of deixis in inauguration speech
can make some reference is not clear. So, it is useful to analyze deixis in inauguration speech
to clearly the reference of the speaker, so that, the listener catch the point of the speech. By
learning this speech, the writer can get many experiences and knowledge especially the
power of language used by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to convince the Indonesian
people in communication process.
There are two inauguration speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The
following texts are the primary research of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
The first inauguration speech
Masa bersaing telah kita lalui, kini masanya untuk bersatu. Masa berucap dan berjanji pun telah kita lalui, kini masanya bertindak dan bekerja. Kini saatnya bagi kita untuk bersatu dalam kreasi, dan dalam karya bersama.
(Time for competition has been past, now the time to unite. Time for speaking and promising has been through by us, now the time for action and working. This is the time for us to unite in creation, and together in creation).
http// www.kompasiana.com In these above utterances. It can be found two deixis. There are temporal and personal
deixis. The word “masa (the time)” refers to the time went president Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono competed with the other candidate of Presidents. The word “masa (time)” refers
to the time of inauguration speech. The using of “masa (time)” means to the time of
inauguration speech. While, the word of “kini saatnya (this is the time)” refers to the time
when the speaker delivers his speech. So, the word “masa (the time)” can be change
The word “kita (we)” in this sentences refers to President Susilo Bambang
yudhoyono and the candidates of other president in the past presidential election. The word
“kita(we)” for the next utterances, identified President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the
vice president Mohhamad Jusuf kalla. And the using of “kita(we)” refers to President and the
Indonesian people. The word “kita(we)” identified as personal deixis. the using “kita(we)”
can be remove depend on the context.
The second inauguration speech
Namun semua itu janganlah membuat kita lemah, lalai, apalagi besar kepala. Ingat, pekerjaan besar kita masih belum selesai. Ibarat perjalanan sebuah kapal, ke depan kita akan mengarungi samudera yang penuh dengan gelombang, dan badai.
(But, all of that isn’t made us be weak, negligent, even being a proud one. Remember, our big job hasn’t been finished yet. Like a trip of ship, we will go forward to pass the ocean which full of waves and storms.)
http// www.kompasiana.com The word “kita (us)” in the first utterances refers to President Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono as the speaker and the Indonesian people. For the next utterances, the word “kita
(our)” refers to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the presidential staff. And the last
word “kita (we)” refers to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Indonesian people.
Based on the example above, it can be conclude that there are some types of deixis in
inauguration speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono need to identify. Because,
every utterance has the different categorizes in term of deixis. These utterances can be
categorized based on the types of deixis. In the first speech President Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono is dominant uses time deixis than the other types. While, in the second speech,
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is dominant uses personal deixis. The changing
speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono can be seen explicitly. The using type of
There are so many types of deixis which have been found in the first and second
inauguration speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Two inauguration speeches is
better to compare the result of the speech through the deixis term. Therefore, the writer
interests to analyses the deixis in inauguration speech of President Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono.
1.2. The Problems of the Study
Based on the explanation previously, the writer focuses of the study are :
1. What type of deixis is most dominat found in Inauguration Speech of President Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono?
2. How are deixis in inauguration speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono?
3. Why deixis in inauguration speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono are in
such a way?
1.3. The Objectives of the Study The objectives of this study are:
1. Finding out the most dominant types of deixis in Inauguration Speech of President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
2. To know the differentiate of deixis in Inauguration Speech of President Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono uses one form of deixis than other.
3. To know the reason of using deixis in Inauguration speech of President Susilo
1.4. The Scope of the Study
There are many aspects that can be discussed in connection with the study of deixis.
They can be studied in a wider scope in order to gain a much better understanding. Even so,
whatever it is, a study should have a scope. Therefore, this study is limited to analyze on five
types of deixis which, namely Temporal, Spatial, Social, Person and discourse deixis in the
first inauguration speech (2004-2009) and second inauguration (2009-2014) speech of
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
1.5.The Significance of the Study
Findings of this study are expected to be useful theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, the results of this study are useful :
1. To enrich the knowledge of deixis and to understand deixis especially for the deixis in
speech.
2. To provide the important information from deixis in inauguration speech.
3. Moreover, it is the specific contribution to the language itself. It also applies systemic
theory in relation to deixis in speech orientation in a context of situation.
Practically, the findings of this study will also be useful for
1. The lectures, as one of their references in the research.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions
On the basis of what the researcher has written and scrutinized in the previous
chapter, she discovers that deixis have a role to deliver an understanding of information
conveyed in the speech to the listeners. So, it is important to know deixis, especially in
inauguration speech. Due to the important of understanding deixis the research upon the
inauguration speech has been done and the result can be concluded by the following.
1. The most dominant type of deixis found in the first and the second inauguration
speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is personal deixis.
2. The use pronoun “kita(we)” in the first inauguration speech shows the character of
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as one of the Indonesia nation who want to
develop Indonesia five year later. It can be showed from the utterances of President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono who always use the first personal pronoun “we” as the
participants of the society of Indonesia in every his speech. He builds his image as the
President who close to the society. While, in the second inauguration speech,
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono use the different personal pronoun than the
previous speech. Based on his speech, the use of personal pronoun “I(saya)” purposes
to appear himself as the success president who has lead Indonesia for five years ago.
The use of Personal Pronoun “kita (we)” is the new finding in this research. The
personal pronoun “kita (we)” has function to shows the speaker him self. Usually, the
using personal pronoun “saya(I)” shows the speaker. But, in this research President
3. Deixis in inauguration speech of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono are in such a
way. Because, deixis in inauguration speech is very useful. By using the deixis in
inauguration speech, the speaker and the audience will have the same understanding
about the speech. Deixis has function to identify the reference of the text or utterance,
which influence of meaning and information of the speech. The speech will be
interesting if the listeners are easy to get the information of the inauguration speech.
5.2. Suggestions
The study of deixis in inauguration speech of President Susilo bambang Yudhoyono is
very interesting one especially to those who would like to know the use of different types of
deixis in more details. So, the researcher offers some suggestion as follows:
1. The speaker will hopefully give more attention to deixis because it can lead the
audience to understand and get information from the speech especially deixis in
inauguration speech easily and quickly.
2. Other researchers are advised to conduct further studies on deixis particularly those
found in speech to give clear information that knowledge of deixis will help the
1
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